The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
Not a member yet
3569 research outputs found
Sort by
Emotional abuse and body dissatisfaction in gymnastics : A quantitative study of gymnasts´ experiences of emotional abuse and views of their bodies
No full textAim The aim of this work was to create an increased understanding of gymnasts' experiences and views of emotional abuse in relation to perceived body dissatisfaction. Mainly, the work investigated to what extent active and retired gymnasts considered emotional abuse to be acceptable or not and how often they had experienced emotional abuse themselves. Secondary aims were to investigate whether experiences of emotional abuse from coaches were something related to gymnasts' views of their bodies. Method Gymnasts from various gymnastics disciplines participated in the work. The gymnasts who participated were active or retired gymnasts, over 15 years old and identified as female. 52% of the gymnasts were active and 48% previously active. Vignettes based on the Violence Towards Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ: Parent et al., 2019) as well as the Body Image State Scale (BISS; Cash et al., 2002) were compiled into a two-part web survey in Microsoft Forms. The responses of the 97 participants were collected and analyzed through a variety of statistical analyses, including Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Results The result showed that the gymnasts had experienced emotional abuse to a moderate extent. They also experienced high levels of body dissatisfaction. Positive significant correlations between acceptance and experience of emotional abuse, body dissatisfaction and training amount were found. Gymnasts who experienced higher levels of emotional abuse also reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction. Conclusion A majority of the gymnasts stated that they have experienced emotional abuse at some point in their career. The results indicate that the gymnasts can identify emotionally abusive behaviors and that they do not consider them acceptable. High levels of body dissatisfaction were reported by many gymnasts, which also correlated with more frequent experiences of emotional abuse.Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet med detta arbete var att skapa en ökad förståelse för gymnasters upplevelser och syn på emotionella övergrepp inom gymnastik i relation till upplevt kroppsmissnöje. Huvudsakligen undersöktes i vilken utsträckning aktiva respektive före detta aktiva gymnaster ansåg emotionella övergrepp vara acceptabla eller inte samt hur ofta de själva hade upplevt emotionella övergrepp. Sekundära syften var att undersöka om upplevelser av emotionella övergrepp ifrån tränare var något som hörde samman med gymnasters syn på sin kropp. Metod Gymnaster inom olika gymnastikdiscipliner tillfrågades delta i arbetet. Gymnasterna som deltog var aktiva eller före detta aktiva gymnaster, över 15 år gamla och identifierade sig som kvinna. 52% av gymnasterna var aktiva och 48% före detta aktiva. Vinjetter baserade på Violence Towards Athletes Questionnaire (VTAQ: Parent et al., 2019) samt Body Image State Scale (BISS; Cash et al., 2002) sammanställdes till en tudelad webbenkät i Microsoft Forms. De 97 deltagarnas svar samlades in och analyserades genom flertalet olika statistiska analyser inklusive Spearmans rangkorrelationskoefficient och Mann-Whitney U-test. Resultat Resultatet visade att gymnasterna hade upplevt emotionella övergrepp i måttlig utsträckning. De upplevde även höga nivåer av kroppsmissnöje. Positiva signifikanta samband mellan acceptans och frekvens av emotionella övergrepp, kroppsmissnöje och träningsmängd upptäcktes. Gymnaster som i högre grad upplevt emotionella övergrepp rapporterade också högre kroppsmissnöje. Slutsats En majoritet av gymnasterna angav att de någon gång hade varit med om emotionella övergrepp. Gymnasterna uppvisade att de kan identifiera emotionella övergreppsbeteenden och ansåg dem inte vara acceptabla. Ett starkt kroppsmissnöje återfanns hos många gymnaster vilket kan höra samman med frekvent upplevelse av emotionella övergrepp
An exploration of reciprocity among teacher and students in female pre-professional ballet education : a shared reality theory perspective
No full textThe purpose of the present study was to explore perceptions of shared reality in teacher-student partnerships in ballet, and how these perceptions were related to experiences of quality in the relationship and well-being. A longitudinal qualitative study design was adopted, with three female ballet students and their teacher participating in three semi-structured interviews each over an eight-month period. Data were analyzed using a combination of thematic and narrative analysis. Findings indicated that across the teacher-student relationships there were perceptions of a shared reality only on the professional and distanced level and not on a relational and personal level. This was achieved by a common experience of what matters in the world of ballet education as well as students finding their teacher as trustworthy. Furthermore, it appeared that the authoritarian apprenticeship culture in ballet, where the teachers give clear instructions and feedback, and where the student role is to listen and adapt to the teacher's instructions, was a barrier to fully achieving a shared reality on a personal and deeper level. In turn, this influenced the quality of the relationship and the wellbeing of both teacher and students. The present study offers critical reflections on the cultural backdrop of teaching and learning in ballet and highlights the importance of teachers to facilitate a supportive, unconditional, and trustworthy relationship so that they can work together in a more productive manner
Mobility of the human foot's medial arch helps enable upright bipedal locomotion.
No full textDeveloping the ability to habitually walk and run upright on two feet is one of the most significant transformations to have occurred in human evolution. Many musculoskeletal adaptations enabled bipedal locomotion, including dramatic structural changes to the foot and, in particular, the evolution of an elevated medial arch. The foot's arched structure has previously been assumed to play a central role in directly propelling the center of mass forward and upward through leverage about the toes and a spring-like energy recoil. However, it is unclear whether or how the plantarflexion mobility and height of the medial arch support its propulsive lever function. We use high-speed biplanar x-ray measurements of foot bone motion on seven participants while walking and running and compare their motion to a subject-specific model without arch recoil. We show that regardless of intraspecific differences in medial arch height, arch recoil enables a longer contact time and favorable propulsive conditions at the ankle for walking upright on an extended leg. The generally overlooked navicular-medial cuneiform joint is primarily responsible for arch recoil in human arches. The mechanism through which arch recoil enables an upright ankle posture may have helped drive the evolution of the longitudinal arch after our last common ancestor with chimpanzees, who lack arch plantarflexion mobility during push-off. Future morphological investigations of the navicular-medial cuneiform joint will likely provide new interpretations of the fossil record. Our work further suggests that enabling medial arch recoil in footwear and surgical interventions may be critical for maintaining the ankle's natural propulsive ability
Between-Session Reliability of Strength- and Power-Related Variables Obtained during Isometric Leg Press and Countermovement Jump in Elite Female Ice Hockey Players.
No full textIsometric leg press (ILP) and countermovement jump (CMJ) are commonly used to obtain strength- and power-related variables with important implications for health maintenance and sports performance. To enable the identification of true changes in performance with these measurements, the reliability must be known. This study evaluates the between-session reliability of strength- and power-related measures obtained from ILP and CMJ. Thirteen female elite ice hockey players (21.5 ± 5.1 years; 66.3 ± 8.0 kg) performed three maximal ILPs and CMJs on two different occasions. Variables from the ILP (peak force and peak rate of force development) and CMJ (peak power, peak force, peak velocity, and peak jump height) were obtained. The results were reported using the best trial, an average of the two best trials, or an average of three trials. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) were high (ICC > 0.97; CV < 5.2%) for all outcomes. The CV for the CMJ (1.5-3.2%) was lower than that for the ILP (3.4-5.2%). There were no differences between reporting the best trial, an average of the two best trials, or an average of the three trials for the outcomes. ILP and CMJ are highly reliable when examining strength- and power-related variables in elite female ice hockey players
Eat Your Greens : The role of cruciferous vegetables on lactate metabolism
No full textUppsatsen tilldelades stipendiemedel ur Överste och Fru Adolf Johnssons fond 2023.</p
Stillasittande och rörelsemönster i högstadiet
No full textGymnastik- och idrottshögskolan (GIH) har sedan 2017 arbetat i en serie forskningsstudier finansierade av Stiftelsen för kunskaps- och kompetensutveckling, KKS. Studierna har fokuserat på både barn, vuxna och äldre. Sedan 2021 finns vid GIH ett forskningscentrum med fokus på fysisk aktivitet och hjärnhälsa, det vill säga goda kognitiva funktioner och god psykisk hälsa, kallat E-PABS (Center of Excellence in Physical Activity, Healthy Brain Functions and Sustainability). Forskningen inom E-PABS täcker många ämnesområden och innefattar epidemiologi, beteendeförändring, kognitiv neurovetenskap, fysiologi och molekylär biokemi. Denna rapport bygger på studier inom projektet ”Fysisk aktivitet och hälsosamma hjärnfunktioner hos skolungdomar”, som genomfördes under 2017–2023. Projektet hade tre delar, en epidemiologisk, en fysiologisk och en etnografisk del som tillsammans syftade till att svara på frågorna ”Vilket är sambandet mellan fysisk aktivitet, stillasittande beteende, kost och hälsosamma hjärnfunktioner hos barn och ungdomar, och hur kan fysisk aktivitet som främjar sunda hjärnfunktioner långsiktigt hållbart implementeras i skolor?”Projektet finansieras av COOP, Skandia, Skanska, IKEA, Generation PEP, Konsumentföreningen i Stockholm samt Folkhälsomyndigheten.</p
Mediation of lifestyle-associated variables on the association between occupation and incident cardiovascular disease
No full textThe main aim was to examine the association between occupational groups and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), and to which extent associations are mediated by lifestyle-associated variables (cardiorespiratory fitness, smoking, BMI, exercise, and diet). A total of 304.702 participants (mean age 42.5 yrs., 47% women), who performed a health profile assessment in Sweden between 1982 and 2019, were included in the analyses. CVD incidence was obtained from national registers. All participants were free from CVD prior to the health profile assessment. Occupational group was defined using the Swedish Standard Classification of Occupations and analyzed separately (13 different occupational groups) as well as after aggregation into four occupational groups (white-collar high-skilled, white-collar low-skilled, blue-collar high-skilled and blue-collar low-skilled). Cardiorespiratory fitness, BMI, exercise, smoking, and diet were included as mediators and analyzed separately in single models and simultaneously in one multiple mediation model. All mediation analyses were adjusted for sex, age, length of education and calendar time. White-collar high-skilled was set as reference in all analyses. Blue-collar and low-skilled occupation had a higher risk of incident CVD compared to reference. Cardiorespiratory fitness, BMI, exercise, smoking, and diet mediated 48% to 54% of the associations between reference and the other aggregated occupational groups. In the single model, the strongest mediators were cardiorespiratory fitness, smoking and BMI. In conclusion, blue-collar and low skilled occupations had a significantly higher risk for incident CVD compared to white-collar high-skilled workers, with the association mediated to a large extent by variation in lifestyle-associated variables
How does physical education teacher education matter? : A methodological approach to understanding transitions from PETE to school physical education
No full textBackground: In this paper, we will address the question of how physical education teacher education (PETE) matters and suggest one way to explore the potential impact of PETE. A distinguishing feature of the studies of PETE's impact on physical education is that they either include perspectives from preservice teachers involved in PETE courses or perspectives from physical education teachers in schools looking back at their education. Longitudinal attempts to follow preservice teachers’ journey from education to workplace, in order to grasp how they perceive the relation between teacher education and teaching practice in schools, and the transition between these contexts, are few and far between. This gap of knowledge is a missing piece of the puzzle to further develop PETE, and to inform life-long professional development for teachers. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we develop and present a methodological approach for investigating the transition of content areas from courses in PETE into teaching practice in school physical education. Second, we will illustrate the potential utility of this methodological approach in longitudinal studies by showing how one particular content area, Assessment for Learning (AfL), was investigated through the use of methods and theories described in the first part of this paper. Methodology: The suggested longitudinal approach involves Stimulated Recall (SR) interviews with pre- and postservice teachers, observations and communication with groups of students and teachers through social media. The construction, recontextualisation and realisation of pedagogic discourses regarding content areas are suggested to be analysed through a combination of Bernstein's concept of the pedagogic device and Ball's concept of fabrication. Results and Conclusions: The longitudinal design and the suggested methodology can provide answers to how content areas are transformed in and between PETE and school physical education. A combination of the theoretical perspectives of Bernstein and Ball enables us to say something not only about how pedagogic discourses regarding content areas are constructed, recontextualised and realised in PETE and school physical education, but also about what content areas become in terms of fabrications in the transition between these contexts. To conclude, we argue that the methodological research design can be used to explore different content areas in PETE and that this methodology can contribute to knowledge about how PETE matters for school physical education
Mötet mellan idrott och hälsa och nyanlända ukrainska elever : En kvalitativ undersökning om idrott och hälsas möjligheter i mötet med nyanlända ukrainska elever
No full textSyfte Uppsatsen syftar till att kvalitativt utforska och diskutera rollen idrott och hälsa ämnet har för nyanlända ukrainska elever och hur inkluderingsarbetet gestaltas i skolan utifrån idrottslärares perspektiv. Forskningsfrågorna var A) Vilka framstående möjligheter och begränsningar har ämnet idrott och hälsa i mötet med nyanlända ukrainska elever? B) Vilka nyckelaspekter framställer idrottslärarna i inkluderingsarbetet med de nyanlända ukrainska eleverna? Metod Datainsamlingen genomfördes via sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med idrott och hälsa lärare som erhöll erfarenhet av att undervisa nyanlända ukrainska elever. Braun & Clarkes sex-stegs guide till tematisk analys användes för att analysera data tillsammans med ett teoretiskt ramverk baserat på en bred definition av etnicitet och verket Den mångkulturella parken. Resultat Resultatet visar på att idrott och hälsa erhåller en styrka i att använda kroppen som kommunikationsmedel och faller sig naturligt skapa sociala interaktioner, samtidigt framstår ämnet som exponerande och didaktiskt krävande för att skapa trygghet för eleverna. Lärarnas insikter i de nyanlända elevernas erfarenheter och bakgrund framkom som låga. Resultaten visade upp både integrerande och assimilerande aspekter men inga starka nyanser av samexisterande eller segregerande aspekter framställdes. Slutsatser I diskussionen argumenterar vi för att idrott och hälsa ämnet erhåller goda möjligheter för integrerande arbete men att gestaltningen kan förbättras om lärare fick verktygen för att närma sig de nyanlända elevers världsbild och vidare stöd i teoretiska delar av ämnet. Fortbildning och ett holistisk inkluderingsarbete föreslås för att realisera ämnets möjligheter. Utmaningarna för studien föll sig ligga i urvalet och intervjuerna då informanter var svåra att finna och viss information uppfattades som känslig att diskutera. Vidare arbete med intervjuguiden skulle kunna möjliggöra djupare insikter i lärarnas erfarenheter men framför allt erhåller en kompletterande observationsstudie stora möjligheter för att djupare kunskaper.Aims The paper aims to explore and discuss the role of physical education for newly arrived Ukrainian students and how inclusion is implemented in schools from the perspective of physical education teachers. The research questions were A) What are the salient opportunities and limitations of the physical education subject in engaging with newly arrived Ukrainian students? B) What key aspects do physical education teachers present in the inclusion work with the newly arrived Ukrainian students? Method Data collection was conducted via six semi-structured interviews with physical education teachers who are experienced in teaching newly arrived Ukrainian students. Braun & Clarke's six-step guide to thematic analysis was used to analyze the data along with a theoretical framework based on a broad definition of ethnicity and the work Den mångkulturella parken. Results The results show that the strenghts of physical education comes from using the body as a means of communication and the subject naturally create social interactions, at the same time the subject appears as exposing and didactically demanding to create comfort for the students. Teachers' insights into the experiences and backgrounds of newly arrived pupils emerged as low. The results showed both integrating and assimilating aspects but no strong nuances of coexisting or segregating aspects were produced. Conclusion In the discussion, we argue that the physical education subject receives good opportunities for integrative work but that the realization could be improved if teachers were given the tools to approach the newcomer students' worldview and further support in theoretical parts of the subject. Further training and a holistic approach to inclusion are suggested to realise the potential of the subject. The challenges for the study fell in the selection and interviews as informants were difficult to find and some information was perceived as sensitive to discuss. Further work on the interview guide could allow for deeper insights into teachers' experiences but, above all, a complementary observational study gains great potential for deeper knowledge
Evidensbaserad beslutsfattande – Elitfotbollstränares erfarenheter och syn på användning av taktisk matchanalys och key performance indicators
No full textSyfte och frågeställningar Syftet med denna studie är undersöka hur fotbollstränare på elitnivå väljer och använder sina key performance indicators i sin matchanalys för kommande laguttagning. Detta leder fram till följande frågeställningar: 1. Hur skapas key performance indicators? 2. Hur tar tränare in data runt dessa key performance indicators? 3. Hur använder tränare key performance indicators i sin laguttagning? Metod För att få fram data till studien så valdes den kvalitativa djupintervjumetoden där två elitfotbollstränare intervjuades. Vidare valdes den semistrukturerade metoden i genomförandet av intervjun. En deduktiv tematisk resultatanalys användes för att kategorisera resultatinnehåll. Tränarna kontaktades via sociala medier, e-post och därefter bokades tid för intervju. Intervjuerna genomfördes och spelades in på överenskommen plats och pågick mellan 45–60 minuter. Intervjuerna spelades in via ljudinspelare Olympus LS-100. Resultat Tränarnas syn på hur dessa key performance indicators skapas, definieras och vilka man väljer bestäms av tidigare års data, genom omvärldsanalys och från forskning. Båda tränarna fokuserade mycket på sin spelmodell och hur man skapar målchanser och förhindrar målchanser genom olika key performance indicators. Video- och statistiska rapporter från matchen analyseras och presenteras för tränarna och sedan tas beslut genom att betona ett helhetsperspektiv som inkluderar evidens i laguttagningar via key performance indicators. Slutsats Att arbeta med taktisk matchanalys anses viktigt på elitnivå. Båda tränarna ansåg att key performance indicators är en fundamental del inom elitfotboll för att nå framgång. Det ses som verksamhetens termometer och är ett bra sätt att utvärdera prestationen mer objektivt över tid. Genom att arbeta med fakta och key performance indicators i den dagliga verksamheten kan tränare leda på ett mer systematiskt och trovärdigt sätt och därmed öka evidensen bakom deras beslut i laguttagningar.Purpose and issues The purpose of this study is to investigate how elite-level football coaches choose and use their key performance indicators in their match analysis for upcoming team selections. This leads to the following questions: 1. How is key performance created indicators? 2. How do trainers collect data around these key performance indicators? 3. How do coaches use key performance indicators in their team selection? Method To obtain data for the study, the qualitative in-depth interview method was chosen where two elite football coaches were interviewed. Further, the semi-structured method was chosen in the conduct of the interview. A deductive thematic performance analysis was used to categorize result content. The coaches were contacted via social media, email and then made an appointment for an interview. The interviews were conducted and recorded at the agreed location and lasted between 45–60 minutes. The interviews were recorded via audio recorder Olympus LS-100. Result The coaches' views on how these key performance indicators are created, defined and which ones are chosen is determined by previous years' data, through external analysis and from research. Both coaches focused a lot on their game model and how to create scoring chances and prevent scoring chances through various key performance indicators. Video and statistical reports of the match are analyzed and presented to the coaches and then decisions are made by emphasizing a holistic perspective that includes evidence in team selections via key performance indicators. Conclusion Working with tactical match analysis is considered important at the elite level. Both coaches believed that Key performance indicators are a fundamental part of elite football to achieve success. It is seen as the thermometer of the business and is a good way to evaluate performance more objectively over time. By working with facts and Key performance indicators in daily operations, coaches can lead in a more systematic and credible way and thus increase the evidence behind their decisions in team selections.