The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
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The dream of a universal ski wax: scientification and industrialization of ski technology in the mid-20th century
No full textThis chapter focuses on a landmark change in ski wax production that took place in the 1940s. The production of synthetic waxes, developed as a result of scientific testing and engineering, replaced the previously small-scale and experience-based ski wax production. The chapter explores the historical circumstances and processes – such as industrialization and scientification – that affected the technological development of skiing and paved the way for this change.The Yearbook of the Finnish Society for Sport History, special edition 2024Title: Gender, Politics and Evolution of Sports: Nordic-Baltic Perspectives on History of Sports, ISBN 978-952-65082-3-8Finanierad av Fysikern fil.dr Ragnar Holms stiftelse i Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan</p
Individualized muscle architecture and contractile properties of ankle plantarflexors and dorsiflexors in post-stroke individuals
No full textObjective: This study was to investigate alterations in contractile properties of the ankle plantar- and dorsiflexors in post-stroke individuals. The correlation between muscle architecture parameters and contractile properties was also evaluated. Methods: Eight post-stroke individuals and eight age-matched healthy subjects participated in the study. Participants were instructed to perform maximal isometric contraction (MVC) of ankle plantar- and dorsiflexors at four ankle angles, and isokinetic concentric contraction at two angular velocities. B-mode ultrasound images of gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and tibialis anterior (TA) were collected simultaneously during the MVC and isokinetic measurements. Individualized torque-angle and torque-angular velocity relations were established by fitting the experimental data using a second-order polynomial and a rectangular hyperbola function, respectively. Muscle structure parameters, such as fascicle length, muscle thickness and pennation angle of the GM and TA muscles were quantified. Results: Post-stroke subjects had significantly smaller ankle plantarflexor and dorsiflexor torques. The muscle structure parameters also showed a significant change in the stroke group, but no significant difference was observed in the TA muscle. A narrowed parabolic shape of the ankle PF torque-fiber length profile with a lower width span was also found in the stroke group. Conclusion: This study showed that the contractile properties and architecture of ankle muscles in post-stroke individuals undergo considerable changes that may directly contribute to muscle weakness, decreased range of motion, and impaired motion function in individuals after stroke
Associations between BMI in youth and site-specific cancer in men : A cohort study with register linkage.
No full textOBJECTIVE: This study examined BMI in young men and incident site-specific cancer to estimate population attributable fractions due to BMI based on projected obesity prevalence. METHODS: A population-based cohort study with measured height and weight at age 18. Cox regression models assessed linear associations for BMI and included age, year, and site of conscription as well as parental level of education as covariates. RESULTS: Primary analyses were performed in 1,489,115 men, of whom 78,217 subsequently developed cancer during a mean follow-up of 31 years. BMI was linearly associated with risk of developing all 18 site-specific cancers assessed (malignant melanoma; leukemia; myeloma; Hodgkin lymphoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; and cancer in the lungs, head and neck, central nervous system, thyroid, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver and gallbladder, colon, rectum, kidney, and bladder), in some instances evident at BMI levels usually defined as normal (20-25 kg/m2 ). Higher BMI was associated with lower risk of prostate cancer. The highest hazard ratios and population attributable fractions were seen for some gastrointestinal cancers. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports linear associations between BMI at age 18 and subsequent site-specific cancers, calling for rapid action to stem the obesity epidemic and to prepare the health care system for steep increases in cancer cases
Improving movement behavior in office workers : effects of two multi-level cluster-RCT interventions on mental health
No full textBackground: We have previously reported on the design and efficacy of two cluster-randomized multi-level workplace interventions, attempting to decrease sedentary behavior (SED) or increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among office workers to improve mental health outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate intervention effects on mental health outcomes, i.e., mental wellbeing, depression or anxiety symptoms, and stress immediately after the 6-month intervention period. Methods: Teams of 263 office workers were cluster-randomized to one of two interventions or a waitlist control group. The PA intervention (iPA) focused on increasing MVPA and the SED intervention (iSED) on reducing SED. Both multi-level interventions targeted individual office workers and their social, physical, and organizational work environment, incorporating counseling based on cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. Mental health outcomes were assessed using validated questionnaires before and immediately after the intervention. Intervention effects were analyzed using linear mixed effects models. Results: Participants were mostly female and highly educated, with a mean age of 42 years and had favorable levels of mental health at baseline. Mental wellbeing improved for the iSED group (β = 8, 95% CI 1 to 15, p = 0.030) but not for the iPA group (β = 6, 95% CI -1 to 12, p = 0.072) compared to the control group. No effects were found for depression or anxiety symptoms or stress. Conclusions: The multi-level interventions improved mental wellbeing among this population of office workers, reaching statistical significance in the iSED group. The size of the effect can be regarded meaningful, considering favorable mental health and high PA level at baseline. Thus, workplace interventions that provide support on multiple levels appear to have potential for improving mental wellbeing, but not reducing ill-health variables, among healthy office workers. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms through which such improvements can be achieved and to identify the most effective intervention components.At the time of Lisa-Marie Larisch's dissertation, this manuscript was submitted.</p
Finns det en korrelation mellan hopptester off-ice och ishockeymålvakters snabbhet på skridskor i frontal- och sagitalplan on-ice? : En korrelationsstudie på elitjuniormålvakter
No full textSYFTE: Syftet med studien var att ta reda på om det finns en korrelation mellan hopptester off-ice och ishockeymålvakters snabbhet on-ice. Detta genom att svara på frågeställningarna finns det en korrelation mellan hopptesterna squat jump (SJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), single leg vertical jump (SLVJ), death drop jump (DDJ), standing long jump (SLJ) och one leg lateral skater hops (OLLSH) off-ice och ishockeymålvakters snabbhet på skridskor i frontal- och sagitalplan on-ice genom rörelsen shuffle och butterfly? METOD: I denna studie deltog 11 juniorishockeymålvakter från J18 Regional öst och J20 serie och från den Nationella J20 serien. Målvakterna var 16–20 år gamla, skadefria och hade spelat tävlingsmatcher under pågående säsong. I studien genomförde alla målvakter hopptester off-ice i form av SJ, CMJ, SLVJ, DDJ, SLJ och OLLSH. Testerna utfördes i respektive lags ishallars gym och på Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolans laboratorium för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV), men med samma utrustning, testprocedur och protokoll som följdes oavsett plats eller tillfälle. I respektive lags ishallar genomförde deltagarna shuffle- och butterflytest med en testledare på isen som följde protokollen för dessa test. RESULTAT: 9 av 11 testdeltagare utförde alla off-ice och on-ice tester och användes i analysen. Resultaten för denna studie visade inte på någon signifikant korrelation mellan off-ice och on-ice testerna för ishockeymålvakter. Däremot visades de största korrelationskoefficienterna mellan testerna shuffletest (SHT) och DDJ (r=-0,444). För butterfly test (BBT) var den starkaste korrelationskoefficienten mellan BBT och OLLSH (r=-0,310). SLUTSATS: Slutsatsen för denna studie är att generella hopptester inte är en god prediktor för ishockeymålvakters snabbhet on-ice i position specifika rörelser. Vidare forskning behöver utföras på mer specifika tester kring målvakter för att kunna förutse prestationen ute på isen.PURPOSE: The purpose of the study is to investigate whether there is a correlation between off-ice jump tests and on-ice speed of ice hockey goaltenders. This is addressed by answering the research questions, is there a correlation between off-ice jump tests squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), single leg vertical jump (SLVJ), death drop jump (DDJ), standing long jump (SLJ) and one leg lateral skater hops (OLLSH) and the on-ice speed of ice hockey goaltenders in frontal and sagittal planes during the shuffle- and butterfly movement? METHOD: Eleven junior ice hockey goaltenders from the Region East's J18, J20 series, and the National J20 series, participated in this study. The goaltenders aged 17-20, were injury-free and played competitive matches during the ongoing season. All goaltenders performed off-ice jump tests, including SJ, CMJ, SLVJ, DDJ, SLJ, OLLSH. The tests were conducted in the respective team's ice rink gym and at the laboratorium för tillämpad idrottsvetenskap (LTIV) at the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, with the same equipment, test procedure, and protocol followed regardless of location or occasion. In their team's ice rinks, participants completed shuffle and butterfly tests with an experienced test leader on the ice following the prescribed protocols. RESULTS: 9 out of 11 test participants completed all off-ice and on-ice tests and were included in the analysis. The results of this study did not indicate any significant correlation between off-ice and on-ice tests for ice hockey goaltenders. However, the strongest correlation coefficients were observed between the shuffle test (SHT) and DDJ (r=-0,444). For the butterfly test (BBT), the strongest correlation coefficient was between BBT and OLLSH (r=-0,310). CONCLUSION: The conclusion of this study is that general jump tests are not reliable predictors of on-ice speed for ice hockey goalkeepers in position-specific movements. Further research is needed on more specific tests tailored to goalkeepers to better predict on-ice performance
Ett instrument för samhällsförändring? : Arne Trankell och den pedagogiska forskningen om romer och invandrare
No full textCreative Commons licens CC-BY.</p
Blood flow restriction Exercise in the perioperative setting to Prevent loss of muscle mass in patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer : study protocol for the PREV-Ex randomized controlled trial.
No full textBACKGROUND: Patients diagnosed with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer often suffer from a progressive loss of muscle mass. Given the considerable functional impairments in these patients, high musculoskeletal weight loads may not be well tolerated by all individuals. The use of blood-flow restricted resistance training (BFR-T) which only requires low training loads may allow for a faster recovery of muscle due to avoidance of high levels of mechanical muscle stress associated with high-load resistance exercise. This study aims to investigate whether BFR-T can prevent or slow down the loss of skeletal muscle mass and enhance the functional capacity and mental health of patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer. METHODS: The PREV-Ex exercise trial is a multicenter two-armed randomized controlled trial. Patients will be randomized to an exercise program consisting of home-based low-load BFR-T during a combined pre- and postoperative period for a total of 6-10 weeks (prehabilitation and rehabilitation), or to a control group. Protein supplementation will be given to both groups to ensure adequate protein intake. The primary outcomes, skeletal muscle thickness and muscle cross-sectional area, will be assessed by ultrasound. Secondary outcomes include the following: (i) muscle catabolism-related and inflammatory bio-markers (molecular characteristics will be assessed from a vastus lateralis biopsy and blood samples will be obtained from a sub-sample of patients); (ii) patient-reported outcome measures (self-reported fatigue, health-related quality of life, and nutritional status will be assessed through validated questionnaires); (iii) physical fitness/performance/activity (validated tests will be used to evaluate physical function, cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal isometric muscle strength. Physical activity and sedentary behavior (assessed using an activity monitor); (iv) clinical outcomes: hospitalization rates and blood status will be recorded from the patients' medical records; (v) explorative outcomes of patients' experience of the exercise program which will be evaluated using focus group/individual interviews. DISCUSSION: It is worthwhile to investigate new strategies that have the potential to counteract the deterioration of skeletal muscle mass, muscle function, strength, and physical function, all of which have debilitating consequences for patients with pancreatic, biliary tract, and liver cancer. The expected findings could improve prognosis, help patients stay independent for longer, and possibly reduce treatment-related costs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05044065. Registered on September 14, 2021
Baseboll för anarkister : Om brännbollens etablering i Sverige vid sekelskiftet 1900
No full textThe aim of this article is to examine the emergence and establishment of the ball game ‘brännboll’ (lit. burnball) in Sweden. In doing so, it contributes to the knowledge of how sports have spread historically and how they have changed when established in new places. First of all, the existence of the concept of brännboll throughout history is examined. Although it can be traced back to the 17th century, the game we now commonly call brännboll is a modified form of the English game of rounders that was introduced to Sweden at the end of the 19th century. Unlike the closely related game of baseball, brännboll never developed into a modern sport with standardised rules, organisations and bureaucracy. This is seen in the study as a consequence of the fact that brännboll gained a foothold in the ‘play movement’ rather than in the modern sports movement, and that physical education was considered more important in brännboll than performance and results. As a result of this process of pedagogisation, the game developed into a simplified, stripped-down and more static game compared to its English predecessor
The 5:2 Diet Affects Markers of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Subjects with and without Type 2 Diabetes : A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.
No full textThis non-randomized controlled trial aimed to compare the effect of the 5:2 diet on insulin levels as a primary outcome and markers of insulin secretion (connecting peptide (C-peptide) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1)) and sensitivity (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)), as well as body composition as secondary outcomes in overweight/obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Ninety-seven participants (62% women), 35 with T2D and 62 BMI- and waist-matched controls without T2D, followed the 5:2 diet (two days per week of fasting) for six months with a 12-month follow-up. At six months, there was no loss to follow-up in the T2D group, whereas four controls discontinued this study. Overall, 82% attended the 12-month follow-up. After the intervention, insulin levels decreased in the control group and glucose decreased in the T2D group, while C-peptide, HOMA-IR, waist circumference, BMI, trunk, and total fat% decreased in both groups. Furthermore, low IGFBP-1, indicating hyperinsulinemia, improved in the T2D group. The changes in fasting glucose and waist measurement were significantly more improved in the T2D group than in the controls. Persistent positive effects were observed at the 12-month follow-up. The 5:2 diet for six months was feasible and efficient to reduce markers of insulin secretion and resistance and therefore holds promise as management of overweight/obesity in subjects with and without T2D
Implementation of inclusive education in the school subject of physical education and health. : A qualitative study on how physical education teachers implement inclusion
No full textDenna studie syftar till att utforska förståelsen och implementeringen av inkluderande undervisning inom idrott och hälsa på högstadienivå i Sverige. Forskningen undersöker de förutsättningar som krävs för att idrottslärare framgångsrikt ska kunna skapa en inkluderande lärmiljö och undersöker hur de praktiskt tillämpar inkluderande undervisningsmetoder. Fokus ligger på inkluderande metoder för att alla elever på högstadiet ska känna sig inkluderade. I denna studie utforskades synpunkter och erfarenheter från lärare inom idrott och hälsa angående utbildningsinsatser för att främja inkluderande undervisning. Lärarna framhöll vikten av att anpassa undervisningen till olika lärstilar och kulturella bakgrunder för att skapa en inkluderande miljö som tar hänsyn till elevernas olikheter. Vidare uttryckte de en stark önskan om ökat samarbete och kommunikation med andra lärare och stödpersonal för att främja inkluderande praxis. Utmaningar relaterade till bristande samarbete underströk vikten av att etablera strukturer för intern dialog och en enhetlig strategi för inkluderande utbildning. Slutligen betonades behovet av en plattform för att dela erfarenheter och bästa metoder, vilket skulle underlätta regelbunden reflektion och diskussion kring inkluderingsutmaningar och framgångar. Slutsats Studien belyser både utmaningar och möjligheter kopplade till inkluderande idrottsundervisning på högstadiet i svenska skolor. Forskningen ger värdefulla insikter som kan vägleda framtida utbildningspraxis och bidra till att förbättra lärmiljön för alla elever. Forskningen betonar behovet av att fortsätta utforska och stödja inkluderande undervisning inom idrott och hälsa på högstadienivå, och belyser de faktorer som är avgörande för att skapa en miljö där varje elev ges möjlighet att lyckas och utvecklas.This study aims to explore the understanding and implementation of inclusive teaching in physical education and health at the middle school level in Sweden. The research examines the prerequisites necessary for physical education teachers to successfully create an inclusive learning environment and investigates how they practically apply inclusive teaching methods. The focus is on inclusive methods to ensure that all middle school students feel included. In this study, perspectives and experiences of physical education and health teachers regarding educational efforts to promote inclusive teaching were explored. Teachers emphasized the importance of adapting instruction to different learning styles and cultural backgrounds to create an inclusive environment that respects students' differences. Furthermore, they expressed a strong desire for increased collaboration and communication with other teachers and support staff to promote inclusive practices. Challenges related to lack of collaboration underscored the importance of establishing structures for internal dialogue and a unified strategy for inclusive education. Finally, the need for a platform to share experiences and best practices was emphasized, which would facilitate regular reflection and discussion on inclusion challenges and successes. Conclusion The study highlights both challenges and opportunities associated with inclusive physical education at the middle school level in Swedish schools. The research provides valuable insights that can guide future educational practices and contribute to improving the learning environment for all students. The research emphasizes the need to continue exploring and supporting inclusive teaching in physical education and health at the high school level, and highlights the factors crucial for creating an environment where every student is given the opportunity to succeed and thrive