The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
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Cardiac biomarkers for detection of coronary artery disease in the community
No full textTo investigate whether coronary artery disease (CAD) burden is associated with plasma levels of the myocardial biomarkers Troponin I (TropI) and NT-proBNP in a large population-based sample using a cross-sectional design. Coronary computerized tomography (CT) angiography was performed in 25,859 subjects without a history of atherosclerotic disease from SCAPIS study (age 50-65, 52% women). TropI and NT-proBNP were measured in plasma. Segment involvement score (SIS) was the primary exposure and TropI the primary outcome. Both SIS and coronary artery calcium score, were associated with TropI levels following adjustment for age, sex and multiple confounders (p < 0.001), with similar relationships in men and women. Proximal segments from all three coronary arteries were related to TropI levels independently of one another. Adding TropI to traditional risk factors marginally increased discrimination of atherosclerosis as compared to risk factors alone (C-statistics + 0.0005, p = 0.014). SIS was related also to NT-proBNP levels, mainly in men, but with lower estimates than TropI. The burden of CAD was related to TropI levels in both men and women. All three major coronary arteries contributed to this relationship. Adding TropI to traditional risk factors resulted in only marginally improved discrimination of coronary atherosclerosis
A systematic review of quantitative studies concerning psychological aspects of early specialisation
No full textDespite the intense and long-standing interest surrounding early sport specialisation, scholars still debate its nature and implications. Previous researchers have also identified the need for further research relating to the psychological aspects of early specialisation such as lower quality motivation, dropout and burnout. To help guide future research it is important to build upon the quantitative literature concerning such psychological aspects of early specialisation. The specific aims of this paper are to provide an overview of research results of quantitative studies that set out to explore relationships between early specialisation and psychological aspects, and to critically examine the designs of such studies. As such, study design characteristics including participant demographics, the psychological aspects represented, and the research questions and results are explored. Data searches were conducted in PubMed, SportDiscus, and PsychINFO using search terms such as "early sport speciali*". Twenty-one relevant papers met the inclusion criteria. The results highlight that the published papers in this area are broad in some respects (variety of sports, performance levels, and gender), but narrow in others (North American dominance, few psychological aspects explored, and few papers per psychological aspect). Many of the studies are based on cross-sectional and retrospective self-reports. Overall, this paper serves as a foundation on which to design future research studies in this area
Motivationsmönster på gymmet : En kvantitativ studie om motivationstyper hos gymaktiva vuxna
No full textSyfte och frågeställning Syftet med studien var att undersöka vilken typ av motivation, utifrån självbestämmandeteorin, som människor drivs av gällande träning på gym, och hur detta förhåller sig beroende på träningserfarenhet, kön och ålder. Tre frågeställningar har undersökts, vilka motivationstyper skattas högst hos gymtränande vuxna och föreligger skillnader mellan kön och ålder? Förekommer samband mellan träningserfarenhet och olika motivationstyper? Skiljer sig dessa samband beroende på kön och ålder? Metod Studien utgick från en kvantitativ tvärsnittsdesign med en enkätundersökning. Enkäten var indelad i två delar där den första delen bestod av bakgrundsfrågor som inkluderade bland annat frågor om ålder, kön samt fysisk aktivitetsnivå och antal år på gym. I den andra delen används enkäten “The Behavioural Regulation In Exercise Questionnaire" (BREQ-3). Data sammanställdes och analyserades i statistikprogrammet Jamovi. Resultat N=389 deltog i studien. Resultaten visade att identifierad- och inre reglering var främst förekommande. Inre reglering var starkast sammankopplat med träningserfarenhet. Kvinnor skattade identifierad reglering högre än män och yngre skattade introjicerad reglering högre medan äldre skattade identifierad reglering högre. Utöver det verkade kön och ålder ha en mindre betydande roll för hur sambanden mellan träningserfarenhet och motivationstyp såg ut. Slutsats Den självbestämmande moitvationen ökar med träningsvana. Kön och ålder hade mindre inverkan. Identifierad reglering var den enda motivationstypen som visar samband mellan ålderskillnader och träningserfarenhet. Gymtränade vuxna skattade identiferad reglering och inre reglering högst. Kvinnors morivation styrdes mer av identifierad reglering än män. Hos de yngre skattades introjicerad reglering och intergrerad reglering högre än hos de äldre, som styrs i större utstäckning av identifierad reglering. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate what types of motivation, based on self-determination theory, drive people to exercise at the gym, and how this relates to training experience, gender, and age. Three research questions were investigated, which motivation types are most highly rated by gym-going adults, and are there any differences between genders and ages? Are there any correlations between training experience and different types of motivation? Do these correlations differ depending on gender and age? Method: The study used a quantitative cross-sectional design with a survey. The survey was divided into two parts. The first part consisted of background questions, including age, gender, physical activity level, and number of years at the gym. The second part used the "Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire" (BREQ-3). Data was collected and analyzed using the Jamovi statistical program. Results: N=389 participants took part in the study. The results showed that identified and internal regulation were the most prevalent. Internal regulation was most strongly associated with training experience. Women rated identified regulation higher than men and younger participants rated introjected regulation higher while older participants rated identified regulation higher. In addition, gender and age seemed to have a less significant role in how the relationships between training experience and motivation type looked like. Conclusion: Self-determined motivation increases with training experience. Gender and age had a smaller impact. Identified regulation was the only type of motivation that showed a correlation between age differences and training experience. Gym-going adults rated identified regulation and internal regulation the highest. Women's motivation was more driven by identified regulation than men's. Among younger people, introjected regulation and integrated regulation were rated higher than among older people, who were more driven by identified regulation.
Assessment in special physical education : A Qualitative Study
No full textSyfte och frågeställning Syftet med studien är att undersöka specialidrottslärares bedömningspraktik genom att utforska hur de ser på bedömning och återkoppling. Hur talar lärare om sin bedömningspraktik? Vilka praktiska övningar/spel använder sig specialidrottslärare av, så att eleverna kan demonstrera sina kunskaper? Hur beskriver specialidrottsläraren sin återkoppling till eleverna om bedömning? Metod I denna studie används en kvalitativ metod för att besvara frågeställningarna. Det skedde via semistrukturerade intervjuer och det var fyra olika lärare på Nationell idrotts utbildning (NIU) skolor runt om i Stockholm som deltog. Studiens teoretiska utgångspunkt tas i det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärandet. Nationell idrottsutbildning (NIU) är en nationell idrottsutbildning som ger elever möjligheten att utveckla en karriär inom vald idrott. Resultat Resultatet visar att bedömning sker året om under lektionerna, det uppstår för det mesta under lektionerna som är till största del praktiska övningar och spel. Det sker genom en subjektiv professionalism och erfarenhet som lärarna besitter på. Övningarna under lektionerna är anpassade till elevernas kunskapsnivå och medföljer därför med någon form av individualisering. Återkopplingen till elever sker via formativfeedback, då den anses ge eleverna större möjlighet till att utveckla sina kunskaper. Slutsats Det finns tydliga likheter i hur lärarna väljer att bedöma, lägga upp övningar och ge feedback. Lärarna använder sig av samma sorts mönster i sin val av upplägg, det ska planeras med hjälp av skolans kunskapskrav, men att målet att eleverna ska utvecklas inom sin idrott är det viktigaste.Purpose and Research Questions The purpose of the study is to investigate the assessment practices for teachers in physical education by exploring their view on evaluation and feedback. How do teachers discuss their assessment practices? What practical exercises/games do physical education teachers use to allow students to demonstrate their knowledge? How do physical education teachers provide feedback to students regarding assessment? Method In this study, a qualitative approach is employed to address the research questions. The data collection occurred through semi-structured interviews, involving four different teachers from National Sports High Schools (NIU) in various locations around Stockholm. The theoretical framework of the study is rooted in the sociocultural perspective on learning. Results The findings indicate that assessment occurs throughout the academic year, predominantly during practical exercises and games in lessons. The process relies on subjective professionalism and the experience possessed by the teachers. The exercises are tailored to the students levels of knowledge, incorporating a degree of individualization. Feedback to students is provided through formative feedback, as it is deemed to offer students greater opportunities to develop their skills. Conclusion Clear similarities exist in how teachers choose to assess, structure exercises, and provide feedback. Teachers follow similar patterns in the planning of their lessons, incorporating the knowledge requirements of the schools, with the overarching goal of fostering students development in their respective sports
Teaching with the test : Using fitness tests to teach paradoxically in physical education
No full textIn many countries, fitness testing is used in physical education (PE). Advocates of fitness testing maintain that testing promotes physical activity and has long-term health benefits. Other scholars question using fitness tests for children in educational contexts and describe them as demotivating, embarrassing, and humiliating. The purpose of the study is to contribute to this educational dilemma with knowledge on the use of â\u80\u9cfitness testsâ\u80\u9d in PE practice. This is done by exploring a pedagogical intervention in Sweden where tests were used to teach from a norm-creative perspective and considering how bodies with different weight and form could be included. We draw on â\u80\u9cnew materialistâ\u80\u9d methodologies, asking what tests do and can do in PE practice. In our analysis, we brought together six affective elements of what tests do. Many tests produced traditional PE practices, and there were apparent silences regarding body hierarchies, which often render big bodies invisible. Teaching tests paradoxically, however, also produced opportunities for creativity in moving and opportunities to reflect upon norms about justice and â\u80\u9cnormalâ\u80\u9d bodies. This analysis highlights the potential of teaching with the test in order for fitness tests to become educational
Psychological Flexibility Skills and Mental Wellbeing in Athletes: An Exploration of Associations and Gender Differences
No full textPsychological flexibility skills (PFS) have shown to be an important aspect of wellbeing among the general population, however, there is a gap in research exploring flexibility skills among athletes. The present study examined the effects of PFS on young athletes’ (n = 106, M = 19.9) psychological wellbeing, symptomatology, and gender differences. Data was investigated using correlations and linear regression analyses. Higher PFS was associated with subjective wellbeing, recovery experiences, self-esteem, and lower levels of perceived stress, and depression symptoms (r = 0.30-0.53). Among the PFS, value-based actions acted as the strongest predictor for mental wellbeing and symptoms. In addition, avoidance of distressing thoughts and emotions related to sport was a significant predictor for self-esteem, symptoms of stress and depression but not for subjective wellbeing and recovery experience. Also, our results highlighted gender disparities, with female athletes reporting higher stress and depressive symptoms, while males exhibited better mental wellbeing, psychological recovery, self-esteem, and higher psychological flexibility skills. Overall, engagement in value-based actions may enhance athletes’ mental wellbeing. Further, it might be important to pay attention to individual differences related to gender both when assessing psychological flexibility skills and when applying interventions aimed at enhancing mental wellbeing among athletes
Decrease in accelerometer assessed physical activity during the first-year post-myocardial infarction : a prospective cohort study.
No full textOBJECTIVES: To elucidate physical activity in the first year after myocardial infarction (MI), and to explore differences in various subgroups, delineated by age, participation in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (exCR), or restrictions due to the covid-19 pandemic. Secondly, to explore associations between changes in physical activity variables with blood pressure and lipid levels. METHODS: A longitudinal study in 2017-2023. Physical activity variables were assessed via accelerometers at two- and twelve months post-MI. The intensity was divided into, sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous-intensity physical activity, according to established cut-offs. Blood pressure and lipids were measured by standardized procedures at the same time points. RESULTS: There were 178 patients included at baseline, 81% male, mean age of 64 (9 SD) years. Patients spent 72% of their time sedentary, followed by light (19%), moderate (8%), and vigorous physical activity (1%). Patients included during covid-19 restrictions and younger patients had a higher level of moderate-intensity physical activity compared to patients included during non-pandemic restrictions and older patients. At 12-month follow-up, patients overall increased time (1%) in sedentary behavior (p = 0.03) and decreased time (0.6%) in moderate-intensity physical activity (p = 0.04), regardless of participation in exCR or age. There was a positive association between the change in mean physical activity intensity and HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Participants had a low fraction of time in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity two months post-MI, which deteriorated during the first year. This emphasizes the need for improved implementation of evidence-based interventions to support and motivate patients to perform regular physical activity
"To exercise sustainably" - Patients' experiences of compulsive exercise in eating disorders and the Compulsive Exercise Activity Therapy (LEAP) as a treatment : a qualitative interview study.
No full textBACKGROUND: Compulsive exercise is common in eating disorders (EDs), but a systematic treatment model is lacking. The CompuLsive Exercise Activity TheraPy (LEAP) is a cognitive behavioral therapy treatment for compulsive exercise in EDs, delivered by trained therapists in groups over four consecutive weeks (8 groupsessions and 1 individual session), aiming to promote healthy physical activity. LEAP is currently evaluated in a randomized efficacy trial. In parallel, it is crucial to learn more about how it is perceived by qualitatively investigating participants' subjective experiences. METHODS: Nine patients with various EDs participating in the LEAP trial were interviewed about their experiences of taking part in LEAP and about compulsive exercise as an ED symptom using a semi-structured interview guide. The interview transcripts were analyzed according to thematic analysis. RESULTS: The informants expressed that compulsive exercise had not been addressed in their standard ED treatment and that LEAP as such provided an important complement, spurring reflection, awareness, and changed feelings and behaviors in relation to compulsive exercise. Initially, increased PA was triggered for some, but this side effect was transitory. A wish for more treatment time, in terms of longer or additional sessions, was expressed. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, LEAP seemed to fill an important treatment need and seemed both acceptable and feasible to patients. However, treatment time and the initial increase in PA may need further investigation and attention in order to optimize this treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry (registration date 20200325), trial ID ISRCTN80711391
Trygg idrott – en inblick i utvecklingen av svensk idrott och samhällsvetenskaplig idrottsforskning
No full textDetta kapitel ger en inblick i framväxten av trygg idrott, ett område som växt i omfattning, uppmärksamhet och fokus de senaste åren. Vi belyser vad trygg och otrygg idrott innebär, varför det är viktigt som forsknings- och arbetsområde, samt hur samhällsvetenskaplig idrottsforskning under de senaste 50 åren har bidragit till dess utveckling. Vår analys av ett urval av doktorsavhandlingar visar en första våg av forskning som implicit behandlade trygg idrott genom teman som makt, moral, ledarskap, barn- och föräldraperspektiv. Vi belyser hur denna kunskap bidragit till utvecklingen av den forskningsfront vi ser idag. Därefter identifierar vi en andra våg av idrottsforskning som mer explicit undersöker trygg och otrygg idrott, med fokus på missförhållanden som sexuella och emotionella övergrepp samt barns rättigheter. Återkommande vittnesmål om kränkningar och övergrepp samt internationell forskning visar på en omfattande problematik och ett fortsatt behov av forskning och åtgärder mot otrygg idrott i den svenska idrottskontexten
Om friluftsliv som utbildnings- och samhällsfenomen
No full textI det här kapitlet diskuteras friluftsliv som utbildnings- och samhällsfenomen, utifrån ett humanistiskt och beteendevetenskaplig tidrottsperspektiv. I en bok om idrottsforskning kan det tyckas märkligt att inkludera ett kapitel om friluftsliv. Som vi vill visa i detta kapitel finns det dock skäl till att det kan se ut så i den svenska kontexten, åtminstone inom den humanistiska och beteendevetenskapliga idrottsforskningen. I kapitlet presenterar vi den forskning som bedrivits på temat friluftsliv inom svensk humanistisk- och beteendevetenskaplig idrottsforskning över de senaste femtio åren. Vi inkluderar forskning om friluftsliv kopplat till skolämnet idrott och hälsa men, för att sätta in denna i en samhällskontext, inkluderar vi också forskning om friluftsliv som ett bredare samhällsfenomen. Vår ambition är att ge dig som läsare en övergripande bild genom att mer översiktligt presentera innehållet och de viktigaste forskningsresultaten i avhandlingar och annan forskning som lagts fram