The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences
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Balancing diets : diverse values shaping sustainable food choices
No full textPurpose: The paper aims to explore how values and knowledge are expressed in student’s discussions about food and health. Design/methodology/approach: Food practices present a complex phenomenon extending beyond biomedical descriptions, including social dynamics of food in families and communities. Contextual conditions of social groups and settings have significant impacts on food choices and practices. Although values constitute a central part of educational goals, deliberate values education remains an often-neglected area, with a tendency in both curricula and educational practice to focus on knowledge and overlook how values intersect with knowledge. The paper utilises group interviews supported by participant observations to study the food and health practices as expressed in students' discussions. Findings: The paper’s findings show how values are expressed together with knowledge as value-knowledges around food and health within the social contexts of family, cultural identities and peer relationships. While moving through their lives, students draw on and utilise biomedical, social-cultural and sensory value-knowledges, simultaneously considering the nutrition and taste of foods, the value of connecting with family and peers in cultural settings as well as getting enough food to feel satiated. Originality/value: The paper presents an original approach around the necessity to consider and integrate cultural identities in discussions and education about food and health to empower students and their communities in a way that is socially just and equitable. This involves shifting discussions of health education away from students as (ir)rational obstacles but rather as partners in co-creating knowledge for sustainable food and health equity. © 2024, Emma Oljans, Tecklah Usai, Doroth Chinofunga and Martin Mickelsson
Assessing Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) Symptoms Using the Nine Item ARFID Screen in >9000 Swedish Adults With and Without Eating Disorders.
No full textOBJECTIVE: The Nine Item ARFID Scale (NIAS) is a widely used measure assessing symptoms of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Previous studies suggest that individuals with eating disorders driven by shape/weight concerns also have elevated scores on the NIAS. To further describe NIAS scores among individuals with diverse current and previous eating disorders, we characterized NIAS scores in a large sample of individuals with eating disorders and evaluated overlap in symptoms measured by the NIAS and the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) version 6.0. METHOD: Our sample comprised 9148 participants from the Eating Disorders Genetics Initiative Sweden (EDGI-SE), who completed surveys including NIAS and EDE-Q. NIAS scores were calculated and compared by eating disorder diagnostic group using descriptive statistics and linear models. RESULTS: Participants with current anorexia nervosa demonstrated the highest mean NIAS scores and had the greatest proportion (57.0%) of individuals scoring above a clinical cutoff on at least one of the NIAS subscales. Individuals with bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorder also demonstrated elevated NIAS scores compared to individuals with no lifetime history of an eating disorder (ps < 0.05). All subscales of the NIAS showed small to moderate correlations with all subscales of the EDE-Q (rs = 0.26-0.40). DISCUSSION: Our results substantiate that individuals with eating disorders other than ARFID demonstrate elevated scores on the NIAS, suggesting that this tool is inadequate on its own for differentiating ARFID from shape/weight-motivated eating disorders. Further research is needed to inform clinical interventions addressing the co-occurrence of ARFID-related drivers and shape/weight-related motivation for dietary restriction
Building a healthy generation together : parents' experiences and perceived meanings of a family-based program delivered in ethnically diverse neighborhoods in Sweden.
No full textINTRODUCTION AND AIM: Ethnically diverse neighborhoods encounter pronounced inequalities, including housing segregation and limited access to safe outdoor spaces. Residents of these neighborhoods face challenges related to physical inactivity, including sedentary lifestyles and obesity in adults and children. One approach to tackling health inequalities is through family-based programs tailored specifically to these neighborhoods. This study aimed to investigate parents' experiences and perceptions of the family-based Open Activities, a cost-free and drop-in program offered in ethnically diverse and low socioeconomic neighborhoods in Sweden. METHODS: Researchers' engagement in 15 sessions of the Open Activities family-based program during the spring of 2022, and individual interviews with 12 participants were held. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS: The analysis resulted in three main themes and seven sub-themes representing different aspects of the program's meaning to the participants as parents, their families, and communities. The main themes describe how parents feel valued by the program, which actively welcomes and accommodates families, regardless of cultural differences within these neighborhoods. The themes also show how cultural norms perceived as barriers to participation in physical activity can be overcome, especially by mothers who express a desire to break these norms and support girls' physical activity. Additionally, the themes highlight the importance of parents fostering safety in the area and creating a positive social network for their children to help them resist criminal gang-related influences. CONCLUSIONS: The program's activities allowed parents to connect with their children and other families in their community, and (re)discover physical activity by promoting a sense of community and safety. Implications for practice include developing culturally sensitive activities that are accessible to and take place in public spaces for ethnically diverse groups, including health coordinators that can facilitate communication between groups. To enhance the impact of this program, it is recommended that the public sector support the creation of cost-free and drop-in activities for families who are difficult to reach in order to increase their participation in physical activity, outreach, and safety initiatives
To capture the child's interest - nurses experiences of 'Saga stories in health talks'.
No full textBACKGROUND: As unhealthy lifestyle habits have been found to be established early in life and often track into adulthood, early preventive initiatives are important. 'Saga Stories in health talks' is a newly developed material that is intended to be used as a support for nurses at child health care (CHC) centers in their health talks with children and parents in Sweden. The aim of this study is to explore how CHC nurses experience the usability of the 'Saga Stories in health talks' material. METHODS: This study used a qualitative design. The material 'Saga Stories in health talks' was tested by 33 CHC nurses working in 11 CHC centers in three regions in Sweden. All CHC nurses were invited to participate in the interviews and 17 agreed. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using content analysis. RESULTS: Three categories and eight sub-categories emerged. The categories were: (1) An appreciated tool suitable for health talks, (2) Illustrations to capture children's interest in the conversation with families, and (3) Barriers and facilitators. Saga Stories in health talks' was experienced by the CHC nurses as an appreciated tool with content highly relevant to what should be discussed during the health talks. The CHC nurses described the material as well-designed with illustrations that helped them capture the child's interest and increase their participation, while still involving the parents. Support from colleagues, the researchers, and managers were seen as important facilitators. Challenges included structural factors such as how and when to best use the material, especially concerning that the 4-year visit contained many other mandatory parts. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study show that the material 'Saga Stories in health talks' was highly appreciated by CHC nurses and facilitated their health talks with families in CHC. Important aspects with the material were the relevant content and the focus on healthy living habits, as well as the child friendly illustrations. These findings can be used when similar material is developed to facilitate health talks with families in other contexts. Our results also highlight the importance to adjust the implementation of a new material with already established practice and routines
Need for Speed : Human fast-twitch mitochondria favor power over efficiency.
No full textOBJECTIVE: Human skeletal muscle consists of a mixture of slow- and fast-twitch fibers with distinct capacities for contraction mechanics, fermentation, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). While the divergence in mitochondrial volume favoring slow-twitch fibers is well established, data on the fiber type-specific intrinsic mitochondrial function and morphology are highly limited with existing data mainly being generated in animal models. This highlights the need for more human data on the topic. METHODS: Here, we utilized THRIFTY, a rapid fiber type identification protocol to detect, sort, and pool fast- and slow-twitch fibers within six hours of muscle biopsy sampling. Respiration of permeabilized fast- and slow-twitch fiber pools was then analyzed with high-resolution respirometry. Using standardized western blot procedures, muscle fiber pools were subsequently analyzed for control proteins and key proteins related to respiratory capacity. RESULTS: Maximal complex I CI+II respiration was 25% higher in human slow-twitch fibers compared to fast-twitch fibers. However, per volume, the respiratory rate of mitochondria in fast-twitch fibers was approximately 50% higher for CI+II, which was primarily mediated through elevated CII respiration, but not CI or. Furthermore, the abundance of CII protein and proteins regulating cristae structure were disproportionally elevated in mitochondria of the fast-twitch fibers. The difference in intrinsic respiratory rate was not reflected in fatty acid- or complex I respiration. CONCLUSION: Mitochondria of human fast-twitch muscle fibers compensate for their lack of volume by substantially elevating intrinsic respiratory rate through increased reliance on complex II
Positionsskillnader vid den mest fysiskt intensiva perioden i svensk elitfotboll : En pilotstudie av ungdomsspelare och seniorspelare
No full textSyfte: Syftet med denna studie är att med hjälp av multivariata parametrar undersöka skillnader i fysisk extern belastning under den mest intensiva perioden (MIP) av match för spelare på ungdomselit och seniornivå samt att identifiera eventuella skillnader mellan positioner och halvlekar.Metod: En kvantitativ retrospektiv studie tillämpades, där spelare från ett seniorlag (SEN)spelandes i högsta divisionen i Sverige samt fotbollsspelare från ett ungdomselitlag (U19)från samma klubb spelades i näst högsta divisionen för åldersgruppen deltog i studien. Fysisk extern belastning mättes med hjälp av Global Positioning System (GPS). MIP analyserades utifrån spelares taktiska utgångsposition och med hjälp av multivariata parametrar. Rullande medelvärden användes för analys av 1-min MIP.Resultat: SEN täckte signifikant längre distans under den mest intensiva 1-mintusperioden av match jämfört med U19 (SEN 140 ± 22,3 m; U19 120 ± 24,1 m, p < 0.001). Vid jämförelse mellan positioner täcker SEN-Lateral längre distanser än U19-Lateral under mest intensiva 1-mintusperioden av MIP-kinematik (135 ± 23.5 m vs 104 ± 40.3 m, p = 0.015).Slutsats: Sammanfattningsvis konfirmerar denna studie en skillnad av den mest intensiva 1-minuters perioden för senior- och ungdomsspelare för MIPk. Studien visar att seniorspelare positionerade lateral på planen täcker längre distanser under MIPk jämfört med U19 på samma position. Praktiker bör beakta dessa skillnader i sina träningsupplägg för att kunna förbereda ungdomsspelare för de fysiska krav som ses i seniormiljönAim: The present study aimed to investigate differences in physical external load during the most intense period (MIP) of match play for youth and senior player and to indentify possible differences between positions and halves, with multivariate parameters. Method: A quantitative retrospective study was applied, players from a senior team playing in the highest division in Sweden participated in the study as well as football players from a youth elite team from the same club playing in the second highest division for the age group. Physical external load was measured using Global Positioning System (GPS). MIP was analyzed based on players' initial tactical position and using multivariate parameters. Rolling averages were used to analyze 1-min MIP.Results: SEN covered significantly longer distances during the most intense 1-min period of the match compared to U19 (SEN 140 ± 22,3 m; U19 120 ± 24,1 m, p < 0.001). When comparing between positions, SEN-Lateral covers longer distances than U19-Lateral during the most intense 1-minute period of the MIPk (135 ± 23.5 m vs 104 ± 40.3 m, p = 0.015).Conclusions: In conclusion, this study confirms a difference in the most intense 1-minute period for senior and youth players for MIPk. The study shows that senior players positioned laterally on the pitch cover longer distances during MIPk compared to U19-Lateral. Practitioners should consider these differences in their training programmes in order to prepare youth players for the physical demands seen in the senior environment
The current state of Parkour/Freerunning in Swedish PE. : a survey about physical education and alternative sports
No full textSyfte: att skapa en översikt hur parkour/freerunning och alternativa idrotter används i skolämnet idrott och hälsa. Metod: en kvantitativ deskriptiv digital enkätstudie konstruerades, ett chi-square test of independence användes för att se om det finns ett samband mellan olika regioner i Sverige (Norrland, Svealand, Götaland) och de som använt sig av parkour. En explorativ tematisk analys genomfördes för en öppen fråga ”Vilka fördelar respektive nackdelar upplever du undervisning i parkour eller parkourinspirerande moment i skolan kan medföra?”. Urval: enkäten mejlades via skolenhetsregistret och delades på Facebook grupper. Resultat: totalt 216 respondenter svarade på enkäten, medelålder: 42år, SD: 11.3. 183st var behöriga lärare och 33st var obehöriga lärare. 168st (77.8%) svarade att de använt alternativa idrotter i sin undervisning mellan 2022 och 2023, 71st (42.4%) av dessa svarade att de även använt sig av parkour i undervisningen mellan 2022 och 2023. Över 600 olika former av idrotter representerades i 16 olika genren, störst utpekat var bollidrotter, frisbee och racketidrotter. Av 71st de som använt sig av parkour i undervisningen kunde vi se att parkour inomhus (23%) mest representerat bland de olika momenten i sporten. Chi-square testet visade att det finns ett samband bland de som använder parkour och i vilken region i Sverige man befinner sig i: X² value = 10.3. P = 0.006. N = 168. 65.3% av respondenterna av totalt 216st svarade även att de upplever ett behov av fortbildning i alternativa idrotter så som parkour/freerunning. Den explorativa analysen gällande fördelar och nackdelar med parkour undervisning fann fem underteman för fördelar: allsidighet; kunskap och utveckling; roligt och omtyckt; användbarhet och inkludering. Och fem för nackdelar: säkerhet; svårigheter; förkunskap; klassrumskultur och exkludering. Slutsats: Studiens resultat kan användas för att indikera att rådande situation gällande bollidrotter, frisbee och racketidrotter är likt den Skolinspektionen granskade år 2018; för att belysa att det finns en påverkan vilken region man arbetar på och därav kan skolledningar veta vart de kan rikta resurser; för att rekommendera fortbildning för idrottslärare och annan relevant personal på skolan; för att uppmuntra framtida idrottslärare att bredda på sin repertoar av undervisningsstoff vilket kan gynna inkludering av fler elever, främja allsidig rörelseförmåga och skolans hälsofrämjande arbeten.Purpose: to create an overview of how parkour/freerunning and alternative sports are used in the Swedish physical education. Method: a quantitative descriptive digital survey study was constructed, a chi-square test of independence was used to see if there is a relationship between different regions in Sweden (Norrland, Svealand, Götaland) and those who used parkour. An exploratory thematic analysis was carried out for an open question "Which advantages and disadvantages do you experience teaching parkour or parkour-inspiring moments in school can entail?". Recruitment: the survey was emailed via the school unit register and was shared on Facebook groups. Results: a total of 216 respondents answered the survey, mean age: 42 years, SD: 11.3. 183 were authorized teachers and 33 were unauthorized teachers. 168 (77.8%) answered that they used alternative sports in their teaching between 2022 and 2023, 71 (42.4%) of these answered that they also used parkour in their teaching between 2022 and 2023. Over 600 different forms of sports were represented in 16 different genres, the most prominent were ball sports, Frisbee and racket sports. Out of 71% of those who used parkour in teaching, we could see that indoor parkour (23%) was the most represented among the various aspects of the sport. The Chi-square test showed that there is a relationship between those who use parkour and which region of Sweden they are in: X² value = 10.3. P = 0.006. N = 168. 65.3% of respondents of a total 216st also answered that they feel a need for continuing education in alternative sports such as parkour/freerunning. The exploratory analysis regarding the advantages and disadvantages of parkour teaching found five sub-themes for advantages: versatility; knowledge and development; fun and well-liked; usability and inclusion. And five for disadvantages: security; difficulties; prior knowledge; classroom culture and exclusion. Conclusion: The results of the study can be used to indicate that the current situation regarding ball sports, Frisbee and racket sports is similar to the one reviewed by the School Inspectorate in 2018; to highlight that there is an influence which region one works in and from this school managements can know where they can direct resources; to recommend further training for PE teachers and other relevant staff at the school; to encourage future physical education teachers to broaden their repertoire of teaching material which can benefit the inclusion of more students, promote versatile movement skills and the school's health promotion work
Dose-Response Independent and Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior With Mortality Risk in 40 156 Australian Adults With Coronary Heart Disease.
No full textBACKGROUND: Little is known about the relationship between physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with death in people with coronary heart disease. The aim was to examine the independent and joint associations of PA and SB with death. METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a prospective cohort study including Australian participants aged ≥45 years with self-reported coronary heart disease (2006-2020). Self-reported PA (min/wk) and SB (h/d) were the exposures. Cardiac and all-cause death were the main outcomes. The cohort included 40 156 participants (mean age, 70.3 (SD, 10.3) years; 15 278 women [38%]). During a median follow-up of 11.1 (interquartile range, 6.2-14.4) years, 2497 cardiac and 12 240 all-cause deaths were recorded. Compared with no PA, a 20% to 30% lower risk of cardiac and all-cause death was associated with any level of PA. Walking and moderate to vigorous PA at 150 to 300 min/wk was associated with a 43% to 44% lower risk of cardiac death and 35% to 40% lower risk of all-cause death. Compared with ≥10.5 h/d of SB, participants who were sedentary for 7 to 10.4 h/d experienced an ≈25% reduced associated risk of cardiac and all-cause death. A 56% associated reduction in all-cause mortality risk was found if SB was limited to <3.4 h/d. If participants completed >150 min/wk moderate to vigorous PA and spent <7 h/d in SB, the associated risk of cardiac and all-cause death was reduced by ≈70%. CONCLUSIONS: All people with coronary heart disease should be encouraged to meet the PA guidelines and limit SB to <7 h/d, noting any increase in physical activity and decrease in SB is better than none to prevent premature death
Institutionella förutsättningar för idrottsforskning inom humaniora och samhällsvetenskap i Sverige, 1969–2023
No full textInnan 1970-talet var idrottsforskning inom humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (hum-sam) relativt begränsad i Sverige. Den idrottsforskning som bedrevs innan 70-talet var främst inom de naturvetenskapliga disciplinerna. Under 70-talet startade dock en utveckling som har lett till att det idag, 50 år senare, finns ett antal idrottsvetenskapliga forskningsmiljöer, med lektorer, docenter och professorer i idrottsvetenskap, flera nationella idrottsforskarföreningar som anordnar konferenser och ger ut vetenskapliga peer-review granskade publikationer, 218 doktorsavhandlingar med idrott som huvudfokus har försvarats, och idrottsforskarna har genomfört en stor mängd forskningsprojekt och publicerat tusentals vetenskapliga artiklar, såväl nationellt som internationellt. Bakom denna utveckling ligger naturligtvis gärningar av en mängd individuella aktörer, men det har också funnits strukturella förutsättningar som har möjliggjort och begränsat deras handlingsutrymme
