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Features of the Dermatoglyphic Foot Pattern in Suicider Males
No full textSince suicide is one of the most common types of violent death among people of working age (including military personnel) and children, it is necessary to conduct in-depth studies of the structure of skin patterns in a group of people with completed suicide in order to develop methods of active suicide prevention. In order to determine the propensity to commit suicide, the dermatoglyphs of the distal phalanges and metacarpal pads of the toes of 138 male subjects aged 18 to 59 years who committed suicide and 100 control subjects aged 18 to 59 years were studied. The type of pattern (arc, tibial or fibular loop, curl, complex pattern), delta and comb counts were determined. It was found that the suicide group differs from the control group mainly in a higher number of interruptions (ending X) of the main plantar lines A, B and C; an increase in the frequency of arc patterns on most toes of both feet with a degree of reliability; a decrease in the frequency of curls on the third toe of the left foot to 44.5±11.2 (p<0.001) and an increase in the frequency of this pattern on the second toes of both feet; an increase in the value of the comb count in the area of the tibial edge of the foot, with a decrease in the values near the fibular edge of the foot.Оскільки суїцид є одним з найпоширеніших родів насильницької смерті серед осіб працездатного віку (зокрема, військовослужбовців) та дітей, вбачається за необхідне проведення поглиблених досліджень будови шкірних візерунків у групі осіб із завершеним суїцидом з метою розробки методів активної профілактики самогубств. З метою визначення схильності до самогубств були вивчені дерматогліфи дистальних фаланг та підпальцевих подушечок пальців ніг 138 осіб чоловічої статі, віком від 18 до 59 років, що вчинили суїцид, та 100 осіб контрольної групи віком 18 - 59 років. Визначали тип візерунку (дуга, петля тібіальна чи фібулярна, завиток, складний візерунок), дельтовий та гребінцевий рахунки. Встановлено, що група суїцидентів відрізняється від контрольної головні вищою кількістю переривань (закінчення X) головних підошвових лінії А, В та С; збільшенням частот дугових візерунків на більшості пальців обох стоп зі ступенем достовірності; зниженням частоти завитків на третьому пальці лівої стопи до 44,5±11,2 (p<0,001) і збільшення частот цього візерунка на других пальцях обох стоп; збільшенням значення гребінцевого рахунку у ділянці тибіального краю стопи за умови зниження величин біля фібулярного краю стопи
англійська
No full textHormones that produce the adrenal glands affect most of the functional and metabolic processes in the human body, and also ensure its stability under stress. Since the adrenal glands are a stress-sensitive organ in the endocrine regulation system of all body functions, the development of adaptation mechanisms under the conditions of stress factor action can be characterized by their morphological state. However, thyroid diseases associated with a persistent lack of hormones are the cause of impaired homeostasis, metabolism and oxygen exchange. Since the adrenal glands belong to the vital target organs of the thyroid gland, of particular interest is the study of their functional relationships in normal and pathological conditions
ДЕРМАТОГЛІФІЧНИЙ ФЕНОТИП ЛЮДИНИ ЯК ОДИН З КРИТЕРІЇВ ЇЇ ІДЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ
No full textIntroduction. One of the methods used to track the pattern of heredity and variability of human psychophenotypic traits is dermatoglyphic. It is used to study the hereditary patterns that form skin lines on the fingertips, palms, and soles of a person.
The aim of the study to develop expert criteria for the informativeness of dermatoglyphic fingerprints in the system of forensic medical identification of a person.
Materials and methods. The object of the study was fingerprint cards obtained from 460 people (200 women and 260 men) aged 18-59 years living in Ukraine. The dermatoglyphic method and the method of statistical analysis were used.
Results. It has been established that dermatoglyphic features can be congenitally unchanged (pattern type and its orientation, comb and delta count, rudiments and dysplasias);
congenital variables (altitude-latitude index, delta-interphalangeal fold distance, line density); acquired variables (white lines and scars).All these features have not only individual but also group variability.
Conclusion. The proposed forensic classification of dermatoglyphic features does not include individual features of the structure of patterns (minutiae), the appearance of which is largely due to the action of random factors and therefore is valuable for forensic science (fingerprinting)
Changes in Lipid and Protein Peroxidation in Blood Serum and Respiratory Lungs Homogenate in Experimental Iodine Deficiency, Insulin Resistance and Their Combination
Full text linkThe relevance of the study is the prevalence of diet-induced metabolic disorders, in particular, iodine deficiency and insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to find out the features of lipids and proteins peroxidation in blood serum and lung tissue in rats with iodine deficiency, insulin resistance and their combination. Thyroid profile indicators, carbohydrate metabolism markers, proteins and lipids peroxidation were determined in animals kept on a standard diet (1st, control group), iodine-deficient diet (2nd group), under high-fructose feeding conditions (3rd group) and combination of iodine deprivation and the high-fructose diet (4th group). Indicators lipids and proteins free radical oxidation were determined in serum and homogenate of the pulmonary respiratory part. Iodine insufficient diet caused hypothyroid dysfunction, as evidenced by a decrease level of thyroid hormones and increase TSH in the blood serum of rats (2nd and 4th experimental groups). Increase in serum insulin and HOMA-IR index reflects the insulin resistance (3rd and 4th groups). Long-term iodine deprivation and a high-carbohydrate diet (three months) caused a violation of thyroid homeostasis and the development of insulin resistance, which are potentiated in their combination. Under such conditions oxidative stress develops, reflecting elevation of lipid and protein peroxidation products in blood serum (by 16,40-83,10 %, р<0,05) and homogenate of the respiratory pulmonary section (by 39,61 % - 2,55 times, р<0,05) according to the control. Increase the intensity of peroxidation in a combination of iodine-deficient and high-carbohydrate diets suggests a synergism of comorbid pathology and an increase in bronchopulmonary risks
ДИНАМІКА ЗМІН ПОКАЗНИКІВ ПОВЕРХНЕВОЇ ЕЛЕКТРОМІОГРАФІЇ ПАЦІЄНТІВ, ПРОТЕЗОВАНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЯМИ З ОПОРОЮ НА ІМПЛАНТАТИ
No full textSurface electromyography remains one of the main methods of monitoring the treatment of the maxillofacial area.
Purpose. To study the dynamics of changes in surface electromyography parameters in patients with unilateral end defects of small length, who were treated with orthopaedic structures supported by implants using standard and improved methods.
Methods. We treated 63 patients aged 40-50 years with existing tooth loss, final unilateral defects of Kennedy class 2 in the lower jaw, who were treated with 63 metal-ceramic bridge prostheses supported by implants, which were divided into two groups: group 1 (n=31) – patients with unilateral final defects of the dentition in the lower jaw, who underwent orthopaedic treatment and preventive measures according to the standard method and group 2 (n=32) – patients who received an improved algorithm of treatment and preventive measures during the treatment stages and for the next 9 months after the fixation of orthopaedic structures. Patients of the main groups and the control group (n=30) underwent electromyographic examination of the m.masseter and m.temporalis by the method of surface electromyography.
Results. An electromyographic study of the m. masseter and m. temporalis in the state of maximum jaw compression was performed. It was found that before treatment, the electromyographic parameters of the m.masseter on the side of the dentition defect were lower than on the intact side and in the control group. A surge in activity, a sharp increase in the numerical data, was observed a week after fixation, which is associated with adaptation processes and screw unwinding. The next trend was the presence of a mutually compensatory mechanism, characterised by a simultaneous change in the indicators (decrease and increase) on the defective side for m.masseter and m.temporalis on the intact side. Long-term results demonstrated effective adaptation to orthopaedic structures in patients of both main groups, but indicators closer to those of the control group were observed in patients of group 2, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed method of impression taking and fixation of the orthopaedic structure using A-silicone impression material of increased density for reinforcement of transfers and the use of oxygen-containing gel for fixation of the orthopaedic structure.
Conclusion. It has been established that the manufacture of implant-supported bridge prostheses significantly affects the functioning of the dentoalveolar system. The most optimal is the use of the proposed method of taking impressions with the reinforcement of transfers using A-silicone impression mass to fix the occlusal relations and fixation of the orthopaedic structure using oxygen-containing gel to fill the implant shafts after dental manipulations and sterile Teflon tape. In this case, there is no significant screw loosening, adaptation to the orthopaedic structure is more efficient and faster, there is no imbalance of the masticatory muscle group, which indicates the absence of a negative adaptation reaction from the dentoalveolar system.Поверхнева електроміографія залишається одним із основних методів контролю лікування щелепно-лицевої ділянки
Antioxidant Properties of Oral Fluid, Clinical Assessment of the Dental Status of Patients Depending on Age and the Presence of the Dentition Defects with a View to Replacing them
Full text linkIt is evident that the violation of the oral fluid redox balance constitutes a very important element in the progression of various dental diseases, including caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis; as well as in the recovery processes following dental interventions.
Aim of the study is to evaluate the antioxidant properties of the oral fluid in patients, taking into account age and depending on the condition of the dentition and replacement of their defects with various types of dental structures.
Materials and methods. A total of 103 patients, ranging in age from 18 to 89 years, were included into the study. The groups were divided according to the following dental status: preservation of the integrity of the dentition (n=25); partial loss of teeth without replacement of the defect (n=18), and under the following conditions of replacement of the defect: with bridge-like prostheses (n=22) and partial removable plate dentures (n=17); complete loss of teeth without replacement of the dentition defects (n=8) and under the following conditions of replacement of the defect with complete removable plate dentures (n=13). The formation of age-based groups was performed according to the following categories: young age (18–24 years, n=25), young-adult (25–44 years, n=21), middle age (45–59 years, n=22), elderly (60–74 years, n=19) and senile (75–89 years, n=16).
Results. A number of significant changes in antioxidant processes were identified in patients with partial and complete tooth loss, as well as in cases involving the replacement of dentition defects. The lowest level of antioxidant protection in oral fluid was observed in patients with the complete tooth loss: suppression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at 61.06% (p<0.001), glutathione peroxidase (GPR) – at 76.60% (p<0.01) and glutathione reductase (GR) – at 54.29% (p<0.05), compared to values in subjects with intact dentition. The study revealed a significant decline in the antioxidant properties of the oral fluid among individuals aged 45-59 years: SOD and GR activity was found to be suppressed at 36.06-52.27% (p<0.05) compared to young and young-adult age, GPR – at 42.77% (р<0,05) only in comparison to the values of young age. In the senile age, the activity of antioxidant enzymes is observed to be 61.11-81.81% (р<0.05) lower than in the young age, and 33.33-61.90% (р<0.05) lower compared to the middle age. The depletion of antioxidant potential may be due to age-related changes in physiological processes (more pronounced in elderly and senile individuals). Additionally, the activation of protein and lipid peroxidation may contribute to this depletion, particularly in middle-aged subjects in response to changes in dental status.
Conclusions. The decline in oral fluid antioxidant protection is most pronounced in patients of advanced age and in those with total tooth loss, which is not significantly dependent on the type of defect replacement. Such data correlate with deterioration of oral hygiene, increased intensity of caries and inflammatory periodontal diseases. The results of the study emphasize the necessity for a comprehensive approach to the prevention and treatment of dental diseases, taking into account age characteristics and the condition of the dentition in order to maintain an optimal pro/antioxidant balance in the oral fluid
Tuberous Sclerosis: A Case of Delayed Retrospective Diagnosis
Full text linkTuberous sclerosis is a rare genetic disorder, often diagnosed based on clinical manifestations. We report a case of a 39-year-old woman retrospectively diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis after giving birth to a child with cardiac rhabdomyomas. This case highlights the awareness of clinical manifestations of orphan diseases among physicians and the need for a broader approach to managing patients, extending beyond the limited perspective of medical professionals specializing in a particular area of health and facilitated through multidisciplinary consultations, highlighting the significance of educational initiatives among specialists and the general population for early detection and implementation of corrective measures in rare genetic disorders
Incidence of Skin Melanoma in the Precarpathian Region. Overview of Trends of the Last Decade and Demonstration of Clinical Cases
Full text linkIntroduction. Melanoma is a malignant tumour that develops from melanocytes and in most cases affects the skin. Although melanomas are usually highly pigmented, they can also be amelanotic. In the structure of mortality from skin cancers, melanoma takes the leading place with a rate of 90%.
Even small tumours can metastasise. Under such conditions, early diagnosis is of paramount importance, as its main task is to detect and eliminate the primary lesion before it becomes deeply invasive.
However, naked eye examination is limited to a sensitivity of about 75%, and is more effective when the tumour size is more than 5 mm. Among the additional examination methods, dermoscopy has become widespread. The technique has been introduced into the world dermatological practice for a long time and is actively used in Ukraine, demonstrating high efficiency at a relatively low cost of equipment.
Materials and methods. Statistical data on 901 cases of newly diagnosed skin melanoma in the Ivano-Frankivsk region were obtained from the bulletins of the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine for the period 2012-2022.
Results and discussion. There has been a gradual decline in the number of undetermined melanoma cases according to the TNM classification. The indicator has changed by more than 50 percentage points, with the lowest values at the turn of 2017-2018, and a subsequent increase of 10 percentage points until 2022.
The number of reported cases of skin melanoma where the primary tumour distribution corresponds to the TI-TII category has increased, with a peak value of 92.7% as of 2017. However, in the period 2019-2022, the trend changed dramatically. Since 2019, cases of skin melanoma diagnosed in the state of spread, which corresponds to category TIII, have prevailed – 51.1%, while cases of TI-TII accounted for 32.2%
The global COVID pandemic that began in 2019 led to negative trends, contributed to the isolation of patients, and complicated their access to specialists. russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 exacerbated this impact, which was reflected in the indicators of 2019-2022.
The clinical cases from our practice in 2018 and 2021 were presented in the article.
Conclusions. Melanoma is a malignant tumour with a high metastatic potential, with a better prognosis for recovery if diagnosed early. The increase in the number of registered cases of skin melanoma with primary tumour distribution in category TI-TII in 2013-2017 may indicate the effectiveness of measures aimed at promoting self-examination and timely treatment of patients for specialised care. The global COVID-19 pandemic and the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine led to an increase in the proportion of melanomas diagnosed at the stage when the prevalence of the primary tumour corresponds to category TIII. It is necessary to resume measures that have had a positive impact on the health of residents of the Precarpathian region
Формування творчої особистості у вищих навчальних закладах
No full textThe current development of a civil democratic state gives rise to a new worldview approach. According to this approach, the human personality comes into focus with its unique interests, values, and ability to improve, develop, educate, and be creative.
The notion of a creative personality comes as a subsystem of the personality concept, characterized by a set of creative individual qualities that ensure their success in creative activity. The formation of a creative personality is influenced by both general and specific social patterns caused by historical conditions of social development. The development of a creative personality follows particular patterns. Also, a creative personality develops in creative activity and communication.
A creative personality is a subject of creative social relations and conscious creative activity. On the other hand, it is the source of creative activity in a specific social environment. A creative personality is defined as a person "whose creative scope covers actions ranging from non-standard solution of a simple task to the creation of something objectively new in a particular field, as a person characterized by specific personal qualities, namely: determination, the ability to keep going, courage of thought, the ability to see beyond the boundaries, courage to go against the tide and destroy the common beliefs".
We consider the creative potential of a personality as an integrated manifestation of a variety of personal qualities. A creative personality is not only defined by high creative potential, but also by the degree of their commitment to bring it to life.У сучасних умовах розвитку громадянської демократичної держави формується новітня світоглядна концепція, згідно, якої людська особистість постає пріоритетною, з її унікальними інтересами, цінностями, здатністю до самовдосконалення, саморозвитку, самоактуалізації, самоосвіти, творчої діяльності.
Творча особистість – це підсистема особистості, яка характеризується сукупністю творчих якостей індивіда, які забезпечують їй успіх у творчій діяльності; по-друге, на формування творчої особистості впливають як загально-соціальні, так і конкретно-соціальні закономірності, обумовленні конкретно-історичними умовами суспільного розвитку, процес становлення творчої особистості конкретного індивіда має свої специфічні закономірності; по-третє, творча особистість розвивається у творчій діяльності та спілкуванні.
Творча особистість, це з одного боку, суб’єкт творчих соціальних відносин та свідомої творчої діяльності, а з іншого, причина творчої діяльності та соціально-творчих значущих дій, які здійснюються у даному соціальному середовищі. Творчу особистість визначають як особистість “Межі творчості якої охоплюють дії від нестандартного розв’язання простого завдання до створення об’єктивно нового в певній галузі, як особистість, що характеризується специфічними особистісними якостями, а саме: рішучістю, вміннями не зупинятися на досягнутому, сміливістю мислення, вмінням бачити далі того, що бачать її сучасники і що бачили її попередники, мужністю для того, щоб піти проти течії і зруйнувати те, чому вірить сьогодні більшість ”.
Ми розглядаємо творчий потенціал особистості як інтегрований прояв самих різних якостей особистості і творчу особистість визначають не тільки високий творчий потенціал, але й ступінь її активності в його реалізації
ВПЛИВ ІНОЗИТОЛУ НА ПРОЦЕСИ ПЕРОКСИДНОГО ОКИСНЕННЯ ТА МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ В ОЧАХ ТВАРИН РІЗНОЇ СТАТІ З МЕТАБОЛІЧНО АСОЦІЙОВАНОЮ ЖИРОВОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ ПЕЧІНКИ
Full text linkIntroduction. Steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction is characterized by hepatic steatosis and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor without any other identifiable cause. Their prevalence is increasing year by year. Changes associated with hepatocyte damage, inflammation, and fibrosis are observed in the liver. These diseases are often complicated by concomitant metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension, metabolic disorders in various organs, including the eye. At the same time, the integrity of cells is violated, the processes of free radical oxidation of lipids and proteins are activated. There is data in the literature that inositols are used to treat steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic dysfunction.
The aim of the research: determine the features of changes in the content of lipid peroxidation products in the homogenates of the eyes of rats with experimentally simulated metabolically associated steatotic liver disease (MASLC) and the influence of inositol isoforms on their content and to evaluate the morphological changes in the eyes under these conditions.
Research methods. Experiments were performed on 216 white rats of different sexes, at the time of withdrawal from the experiment they were 7.5-8 months old. The animals were divided into 9 groups: 1 – control, 2 – myo-inositol (MI), 3 – D-chiro inositol (DI), 4 – MASLP 2 months, 5 – MASLP 2 months + MI 2 months, 6 – MASLP 2 months + DI 2 months, 7 – MASLP 4 months, 8 – MASLP 4 months+ MI 2 last months, 9 – MASLP 4 months+DI 2 last months. MASLP was induced by giving 20% fructose solution (Fr) instead of drinking for 2 months in groups 4. 5 and 6, for 4 months in groups 7, 8 and 9. Inositols were administered intragastrically (MI – 400 mg/kg of weight, DI – 30 mg/kg of weight) after 2 months from the beginning of the simulation of MASHP. The content of diene and triene conjugates (DC, TC), Schiff's bases (SB), TBA-active products (TBA-ap), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT) was determined in eye homogenates. A morphological study of the eyes was carried out.
Results and discussion. An increase in DC, TC, SB, TBA-ap, SOD, and CAT was revealed in males and females with MASLP, which were higher in group 7, compared to group 4. excluding CAT in females. MI and DI had a corrective effect, and males had a greater effect in group 7 (there were also significantly higher SOD and CAT), and females - in group 4.
Conclusions. 1. With experimentally modeled MASLP in the eyes, the processes of lipid peroxidation are activated, DC, TC, SB, TBA-ap, as well as SOD and CAT increase. Longer consumption of Fr causes more damage. With 2-month use of Fr, the changes are greater in males. 2. Correction of the simulated MASLP MI and DI with 2 and 4 monthes use of Fr causes a decrease in the products of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in eye homogenates, which is more pronounced with 4 monthes use of Fr in males, and with 2 monthes use in females. 3. The morphological study showed a significant violation of the retina of the eyes with experimentally simulated MASLP, which is more pronounced with longer use of Fr. MI and DI have a corrective effect on the structure of the retina.Стеатотична хвороба печінки, пов’язана з метаболічною дисфункцією характеризується стеатозом печінки та хоча б одним кардіометаболічним фактором ризику без будь-якої іншої ідентифікованої причини. Поширеність їх зростає з року в рік. У печінці спостерігаються зміни, пов’язані з пошкодженням гепатоцитів, запаленням, фіброзом. Ці хвороби часто ускладнюється супутніми метаболічними захворюваннями, включаючи ожиріння, цукровий діабет 2 типу та гіпертензію, порушенням обмінних процесів у різних органах, у тому числі й оці. При цьому порушується цілісність клітин, активуються процеси вільнорадикального окиснення ліпідів і білків. У літературі є дані, що для лікування стеатотичної хвороби печінки, асоційованої з метаболічною дисфункцією використовують інозитоли. Мета. Визначити особливості змін вмісту продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів у гомогенатах очей щурів із експериментально змодельованою метаболічно асоційованою стеатотичною хворобою печінки (МАСХП) та вплив ізоформ інозитолу на їх вміст і оцінити морфологічні зміни в очах за цих умов. Методи. Досліди виконано на 216 білих щурах різної статі, на час виведення з експерименту їм було 7,5-8 місяців. Тварин розділено на 9 груп: 1 – контроль, 2 – міо-інозитол (МІ), 3 – D-chiro інозитом (DІ), 4 – МАСХП 2 місяці, 5 – МАСХП 2 місяці+ МІ 2 місяці, 6 – МАСХП 2 місяці+ DІ 2 місяці, 7 – МАСХП 4 місяці, 8 – МАСХП 4 місяці+ МІ 2 останні місяці, 9 – МАСХП 4 місяці+DІ 2 останні місяці. МАСХП викликали даванням 20% розчину фруктози (Фр) замість пиття протягом 2 місяці у 4. 5 і 6 групах, протягом 4 місяці – у групах 7, 8 і 9. Інозитоли вводили інтрагастрально (МІ – 400 мг/кг маси, DI – 30 мг/кг маси) через 2 місяці з початку моделювання МАСХП. У гомогенатах очей визначали вміст дієнових і трієнових кон’югатів (ДК, ТК), основ Шиффа (ОШ), ТБК-активних продуктів (ТБК-ап), супероксиддисмутазну (СОД) і каталазну активність (КАТ). Проводили морфологічне дослідження очей. Результати. Виявлено зростання ДК, ТК, ОШ, ТБК-ап, СОД, КАТ у самців і самиць із МАЖХП, які були вищі у 7 групі, порівняно з 4. за виключенням КАТ у самиць. МІ і DІ виявляли коригуючу дію, причому у самців більший вплив був у 7 групі (також були достовірно більші СОД і КАТ), а у самиць – у 4. Висновки. 1. При експериментально змодельованій МАСХП у очах активуються процеси пероксидного окиснення ліпідів, зростають ДК, ТК, ОШ, ТБК-ап, а також СОД і КАТ. Триваліше споживання Фр спричинює більше пошкодження. При 2-місячному вживанні Фр зміни більші у самців. 2. Корегування змодельованої МАСХП МІ і DІ при 2- і 4-місячному вживанні Фр викликає у гомогенатах очей зменшення продуктів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів і антиоксидантів, що більше виражено при 4-місячному вживанні Фр у самців, а при 2-місячному вживанні – у самиць. 3. Морфологічне дослідження показало значне порушення сітківки очей при експериментально змодельованій МАСХП, яке вираженіше при довшому вживанні Фр. МІ і DІ виявляють коригуючий вплив на структуру сітківки