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Speciation of chlorido complexes of rhodium(III) in ethylene glycol
No full textThe speciation of rhodium(III) chlorido complexes
was investigated in ethylene glycol, in the presence and absence of
lithium chloride, by rhodium-103 NMR and EXAFS spectroscopy.
All major rhodium(III) complexes were identified based on their
species-specific isotopologue and isotopomer patterns. EXAFS
analysis confirmed the results deduced from the rhodium-103
NMR spectra. The strikingly different shifting behavior observed
with increasing lithium chloride concentration was linked to the
established behavior of rhodium(III) in NMR spectroscopy.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to
elucidate the underlying factors of the observed trends, highlighting
their potential as an additional tool for the speciation of
rhodium(III) complexes, even for NMR spectra with a low
signal-to-noise ratio. These results give a deeper insight into the speciation of rhodium(III) in a nonaqueous environment and
contribute to the fundamental basis needed to understand the extraction behavior of rhodium(III) in nonaqueous solvent extraction
The position of clitics in slovene imperatives is not special
No full textIn general, Slovene clitics occur in the second, so-called Wackernagel position of the clause. However, Slovene is exceptional among Wackernagel languages in that the clitic cluster may also occupy the clause-initial position. Imperative sentences have been argued to form an exception to this exception, again allowing the clitic cluster only in the second position. In this paper, we present corpus data that speaks against this second-order exception. We categorize the imperative clauses containing initial clitic clusters found in the corpora into three classes: modally subordinated imperatives, imperatives containing the adversative or the concessive particle, and imperatives occuring as a step in an instruction. We argue that all three classes involve a covert anaphoric element residing in the clause-initial position, yielding an illusion of a clause-initial clitic cluster. In conclusion, initial clitic clusters in Slovene imperatives are not ungrammatical but merely uncommon, and their distribution is ultimately governed by the discourse. We also make a theoretical point, emphasizing that the presented analysis offers support to the view that all discursive information must be represented in syntax
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic iron-oxide microrods with silica coatings and ceria nanoparticles for potential use in catalysis
No full textMagnetni nanodelci železovega oksida so zaradi nizke toksičnosti in varnost uporabe pri ljudeh izredno zanimivi za uporabo na številnih področjih – v katalizi, tehnologiji in biomedicini. Njihova priprava je enostavna. Tvorijo koloidno stabilne suspenzije, katere nadalje uporabimo za pripravo večjih struktur, kot so mikropalčke. V raziskovalni nalogi so predstavljeni rezultati sinteze in vrednotenja magnetnih mikropalčk železovega oksida za potencialno uporabo v katalizi. Mikropalčke so sestavljene iz superparamagnetnih nanodelcev železovega oksida. Podolgovata oblika mikropalčk je bila utrjena z dodatno oblogo iz amorfnega silicijevega dioksida (silike). V zadnjem koraku smo na površino mikropalčk nanesli še nanodelce cerijevega dioksida. Sintetizirane mikropalčke železovega oksida smo vrednotili s številnimi analitskimi tehnikami. Z uporabo rentgenske praškovne difrakcije (XRD) in elektronske difrakcije izbranega območja (SAED) smo določili kristalno strukturo kompozitov in potrdili, da so mikropalčke sestavljene iz nanodelcev γ-železovega oksida s spinelno kristalno strukturo in nanodelcev cerijevega dioksida, ki kristalizira v fluoritni kristalni strukturi. Velikost, strukturo in morfologijo mikropalčk ter uspešnost tvorbe plasti silike ter nanosa nanodelcev cerijevega dioksida smo vrednotili z uporabo optične, presevne (TEM) in vrstične elektronske mikroskopije (SEM). Rezultati, ki smo jih dobili, potrjujejo uspešnost sinteze mikropalčk železovega oksida s spinelno kristalno strukturo, velikih povprečno 23 μm. Mikropalčke so bile prevlečene z 10 nm debelo plastjo kompaktne silike oz. povprečno 70 nm debelo plastjo porozne silike (s povprečnim premerom por okoli 15 nm), s katero smo zagotovili večjo specifično površino kompozita. Na površino so bili uspešno nanešeni sferični nanodelci cerijevega dioksida, veliki med 2 in 4 nm. Specifično površino in celokupni volumen por mikropalčk smo določili s plinsko porozimetrijo z adsorpcijo dušika (BET). Mikropalčke s kompaktno oblogo so imele površino 85,5 m2/gs porozno oblogo pa 570,4 m2/g. Dodaten nanos nanodelcev cerijevega dioksida je specifično površino mikropalčk s plastjo kompaktno silike povečal na 169,6 m2/gmedtem ko se je specifična površina mikropalčk prevlečenih s porozno siliko zmanjšala na 268,8 m2/gsaj so se nanodelci cerijevega dioksida tvorili tudi znotraj por silike. Magnetne lastnosti mikropalčk smo izmerili z magnetometrom z vibrirajočim vzorcem (VSM). Mikropalčke izkazujejo ferimagnetne lastnosti z nasičeno magnetizacijo 5,6 Am2/kg (plast kompaktne silike) in 6,3 Am2/kg (plast porozne silike) in se dobro odzivajo na magnet. Zaradi dobre magnetne odzivnosti in uspešnega nanosa nanodelcev cerijevega dioksida menimo, da bi bil tak material primeren kandidat za uporabo v katalizi. Eksperimenti katalitske učinkovitosti takega materiala bodo izvedeni v nadaljevanju raziskave.Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are highly interesting for use in various fields – such as catalysis, technology, and biomedicine – due to their low toxicity and safety in human applications. Their synthesis is simple, resulting in colloidally stable suspensions, which can further be used to form larger structures, such as microrods. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of magnetic iron oxide microrods for potential catalytic applications. Microrods are composed of superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles. Their elongated shape is reinforced with an additional coating of amorphous silica. In the final step, cerium-dioxide (CeO₂, ceria) nanoparticles were deposited on the microrods’ surfaces. The synthesized iron oxide microrods were evaluated using various analytical techniques. Using X-ray powder diffraction (XDS) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) was confirmed that microrods consist of γ-iron oxide nanoparticles with spinel crystal structure and ceria nanoparticles with fluorite crystal structure. The size, morphology, and structural characteristics of microrods, as well as the successful formation of silica layers and deposition of ceria nanoparticles, were assessed using optical, transmission (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The average length of the microrods was 23 μm, with 10 nm -thick compact silica coating and 70 nm -thick porous silica coating (with average pore diameter of 15 nm). Deposited ceria nanoparticles had globular shape and were 2 – 4 nm in size.The specific surface area and total pore volume of the microrods were determined using nitrogen gas adsorption porosimetry (BET). Microrods with compact silica coating exhibited a specific surface area of 85.5 m²/g, while those with porous silica coating reached 570.4 m²/g. The addition of ceria nanoparticles increased the specific surface area of compact-silica-coated microrods to 169.6 m²/g, while in the case of porous-silica-coated microrods, the specific surface area decreased to 268.8 m²/g due to pore filling. The magnetic properties of the microrods were measured using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The microrods exhibited ferromagnetic behavior, with saturation magnetization values of 5.6 Am²/kg (compact silica coating) and 6.3 Am²/kg (porous silica coating), demonstrating a strong response to external magnetic fields. Due to their excellent magnetic responsiveness and successful CeO₂ deposition, we believe this material is a promising candidate for catalytic applications. Future studies will focus on evaluating the catalytic efficiency of this material
Representations of gender, sexuality, ethnicity and social class in contemporary popular Slovenian crime novels
No full textČlanek predstavlja sistematično dekonstruktivno in tematsko analizo reprezentacij spola, seksualnosti, etničnosti in družbenega razreda v petintridesetih sodobnih popularnih romanih Sergeja Verča, Toneta Freliha, Avgusta Demšarja, Tadeja Goloba, Irene Svetek in Mojce Širok. Avtor izhajajoč iz obstoječih študij, ki se ukvarjajo s konservativnostjo žanra, in iz kulturološkega razlikovanja med konservativno poetiko detektivske proze in njeno (potencialno subverzivno) politiko reprezentacij oblikuje tridelno klasifikacijo režimov reprezentacij. Analiza kaže, da se obravnavane slovenske kriminalke kljub nekaterim kritičnim implikacijam umeščajo v konservativne in liberalne režime reprezentacij. Prevladujoče reprezentacije so onstran kritičnega režima reprezentacij, ker drugi reprezentacijski režimi mistificirajo razredne antagonizme, ki se redko znajdejo v središču zločinskomotivnih razmerij med žrtvami, morilci in detektivi
