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Chlorine-mediated surface reconstruction enables highly active and stable ▫▫ for acidic chlorine evolution
No full textThe electrochemical chlorine evolution reaction (CER) is central to seawater electrolysis for converting Cl to Cl2, yet its practical application is hindered by the high cost and Cl-coordination-induced instability of conventional Ir and Ru-based catalysts. Herein, we present an electrolyte Cl-mediated reconstruction of Co3O4 xClx layer formed on Co3O4 in acidic saline solution. This in situ reconstructed layer enables highly efficient and durable acidic CER. Through a combination of in situ and ex situ characterizations, we show that the spontaneously incorporated Cl induces structural defects and modulates the oxidation behavior of Co sites, facilitating rapid oxidation of tetrahedral Co2+ at low potentials to initiate CER while inhibiting over-oxidation of octahedral Co3+ at high potentials. The resulting catalyst achieves 97% Cl2 selectivity with a low overpotential of ~0.15 V at 10 mA cm 2 while maintaining stable operation for more than 250 h. This work provides a simple and effective electrolyte-mediated reconstruction strategy to enhance both the selectivity and stability of non-precious-metal catalysts for acidic chlorine evolution
Alliances and Enmities: Albanian and Serbian Narratives of Victimhood and Perpetration in the Early 20th-Century Conflicts
No full textZgodnje 20. stoletje je bilo za Balkan obdobje radikalnih političnih preobratov, zaznamovano z razpadom večnacionalnih imperijev, oblikovanjem novih državnih tvorb in izbruhom nasilnih konfliktov, kot so balkanske vojne (1912 – 1913) in prva svetovna vojna (1914 – 1918). Osrednji poudarek magistrske naloge je analiza nasprotujočih si zgodovinskih narativov Srbije in Albanije, s posebnim poudarkom na dogodkih iz leta 1915, ko se je srbska vojska umikala čez albansko ozemlje, dogodek, v srbskem kolektivnem spominu znan kot "albanska golgota". Naloga raziskuje, kako sta si obe državi ta prehod razlagali: v Srbiji kot simbol nacionalnega trpljenja in žrtvovanja, v Albaniji pa kot obdobje nasilja nad civilnim prebivalstvom in ponižanja. Prek analize zgodovinskih virov, šolskih učbenikov, političnih govorov, medijev in literarnih del raziskava razkriva, kako se skozi selektivno zgodovinsko pripovedovanje utrjujejo podobe žrtev in storilcev, ki danes še vedno vplivajo na meddržavne odnose. Pomemben del raziskave predstavljajo tudi kvalitativni intervjuji z albanskimi in srbskimi sogovorniki različnih generacij, ki razkrivajo, kako se ti zgodovinski dogodki prenašajo znotraj družin in skupnosti. S pomočjo diskurzivne in primerjalne analize naloga pokaže, da zgodovina ni zgolj spomin na preteklost, temveč politično orodje sedanjosti. Cilj naloge je spodbuditi razumevanje mehanizmov zgodovinske instrumentalizacije ter odpreti prostor za manj polarizirane narative in možnosti medkulturnega dialoga.The early 20th century was a time of radical political transformation in the Balkans, marked by the collapse of multinational empires, the formation of new states, and the eruption of violent conflicts such as the Balkan Wars (1912 – 1913) and the First World War (1914 – 1918). This thesis focuses on the conflicting historical narratives of Serbia and Albania, with special emphasis on the events of 1915, when the Serbian army retreated across Albanian territory, a moment remembered in Serbian collective memory as the "Albanian Golgotha." The thesis examines how this episode has been interpreted differently by the two nations: in Serbia, as a symbol of national suffering and sacrificein Albania, as a period marked by violence against civilians and national humiliation. Through the analysis of historical sources, school curricula, political speeches, media discourse, and literary works, the research explores how selective historical storytelling has shaped enduring images of victims and perpetrators, continuing to affect contemporary interethnic and interstate relations. A key part of the research consists of qualitative interviews with Albanian and Serbian individuals from different generations, offering insight into how these memories are transmitted within families and communities. Using discourse and comparative analysis, the thesis demonstrates that history is not merely a memory of the past but a political resource in the present. The ultimate aim is to shed light on the mechanisms of historical instrumentalization and to encourage the emergence of less polarized narratives that may foster intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding
Multistimuli-responsive porous organic polymers for drug-gas anticancer combination therapy
No full textCombination therapies can significantly aid in the treatment of biologically complex diseases, including cancer. These powerful therapies, such as combination nitric oxide (NO) gas and chemotherapy, are able to simultaneously target different biological targets, thereby overcoming or reducing drug resistance and decreasing dose-related toxicity. However, in nearly all existing carriers, gases and drugs compete for loading in the same physical space of the carrier and can thus interfere with each other. Herein, we use a porous organic polymer (POP) as a design strategy to prepare a combination therapy vehicle with spatially segregated gas and drug loading sites. SH-POP, synthesized by a facile, room-temperature method, is rich in both thiol (−SH) and secondary amine (R-NH-R′) functional groups, which can be postsynthetically nitrosated, yielding light-stimulated NO-releasing SNO-POP. Upon white light irradiation, SNO-POP releases up to ∼56 μmol of NO per gram and exhibits NO release behavior triggered by simple light irradiation. Unlike many conventional systems, where a known small-molecule NO donor is incorporated into the pores, here, the porous polymer scaffold serves as a NO reservoir, so the pores remain available for the encapsulation of another therapeutic, Doxorubicin (Dox). The release of Dox from the Dox@SNO-POP system is pH-sensitive and occurs preferentially in a slightly acidic environment (pH = 5.4). HeLa and HepG2 cancer cell viability studies confirm an enhancement in toxicity that can be ascribed to the combined effects of light-triggered NO release and pH-triggered Dox release. Confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging reveals the presence of both therapeutic species inside cancer cells. This study is expected to stimulate interest in the development of other combination therapy vehicles that minimize the interference between different cargos in cancer treatment
Odraščanje v večjezičnem okolju
No full textPredavanje za učitelje in starše otrok, ki so vpisani na slovenske šole v Italiji
A novel chirp-signal framework for chaotic map construction and PRBG applications
No full textThis work proposes a systematic approach for constructing discrete chaotic systems from chirp signals and illustrates it through two representative maps. Detailed analysis shows that the resulting systems exhibit complex dynamics, including crises, period-doubling transitions to chaos, and, in some regimes, robust chaos. With multiple control parameters and high Lyapunov exponents, the maps demonstrate strong sensitivity to initial conditions, as confirmed through bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponent plots. The maps are integrated into a pseudo-random bit generator (PRBG) to evaluate their statistical suitability, and both pass all tests of the NIST Statistical Test Suite. Additional evaluations include key-space estimation, operation-based computational complexity, and execution speed measurements. The results indicate that the proposed chirp-based maps are effective candidates for chaotic PRBG design and related applications
