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Impact of Digital Technologies on Research in Spanish Literature of the Golden Age
No full text[Resumen] El objetivo de este artículo es analizar cómo y en qué medida las tecnologías digitales han
repercutido en cada uno de los procesos y métodos de trabajo relacionados con la investigación en la literatura española del Siglo de Oro desde la última década del siglo xx. Se
subrayan algunas tendencias recientes impulsadas por el desarrollo de software que han potenciado algunas líneas de especialización y se valora el impacto de los cambios producidos[Abstract] The aim of this article is to analyze how and to what extent digital technologies have had
an impact on each of the processes and working methods related to research in Spanish
Golden Age Literature since the last decade of the twentieth century. Some recent trends
driven by software development that have boosted some lines of specialization are highlighted and the impact of the changes produced is assessed.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; PID2019-105673GB-I0
Development of a Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method for the Determination of Plastic Additives in Seawater
No full text[Abstract] A method using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) prior to high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed to determine seven additives from the plastics industry (butylated hydroxytoluene, diisodecyl phthalate, irgafos 168, lawsone, quercetin, triclosan and vitamin E) in seawater samples. These compounds can reach seawater due to direct discharge from wastewater treatment plants and leaching from plastics and microplastics. The extraction was performed using 25 mL of seawater, 500 μL of 1-octanol (extraction solvent) and a stirring step instead of dispersive solvent. Additive concentrations were determined by LC-DAD on a C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and phosphoric acid aqueous solution (pH 3.5) by gradient elution. The analytical recoveries ranged from 82 to 93% for all compounds, except for lawsone (60%). Repeatability and intermediate precision were adequate with RSD 0.99). Detection limits ranged from 0.009 to 0.028 mg L−1 and quantification limits ranged from 0.027 to 0.084 mg L−1. Finally, the application of the method to real samples verified the method as accurate and applicable to seawater.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the “Xunta de Galicia” (Project GRC ED431C 2021/56 potentially cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project PID2019-108857RB-C31)Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2021/5
Violencia sexual hacia profesionales de la Fisioterapia. Un estudio transversal
Get PDF[Resumo]
O obxectivo do traballo foi coñecer se os/as fisioterapeutas de España sufriron violencia sexual
na relación clínica e estudar a súa prevalencia. Avaliáronse factores de risco, describíronse a
vítima e agresor/a, as respostas empregadas e as consecuencias do padecemento de violencia
sexual.
Deseñouse un cuestionario en base á literatura existente e, tras ser avaliado por un comité de
expertos/as, realizouse unha proba piloto. Foi distribuído polo “Consejo General de Colegios de
Fisioterapeutas de España” obtendo un total de 3.092 respostas.
Un 47,9% padeceron violencia sexual na carreira (13,4% nos últimos 12 meses). Na súa maioría
defínese á persoa agresora como paciente (99%), home (92,1%) e reincidente (59,8%). Como
factores protectores atopamos ser home, traballar a xornada parcial e en áreas abertas.
Unha de cada 4 vítimas experimenta algunha consecuencia por mor da violencia sexual e máis
do 80% decidiu ignorar/finxir que non sucedeu/redirixir ao/á paciente ante los eventos de
violencia sexual.
Este é o primeiro estudo nacional sobre violencia sexual en fisioterapeutas e a información
achegada pode resultar útil para a caracterización do problema e o desenvolvemento de
políticas preventivas.[Abstract]
The aim of this study was to determine whether physiotherapists in Spain have experienced
sexual violence in clinical relationships and to assess its prevalence. The study evaluated risk
factors, described the profiles of victims and aggressors, identified/examined coping
strategies/mechanisms, and assessed the consequences of such experiences.
A questionnaire was developed based on previous literature and was reviewed by a committee
of experts before being pilot tested. It was then distributed by the “Consejo General de
Colegios de Fisioterapeutas de España”, yielding 3,092 responses.
The findings revealed that 47.9% of respondents had encountered sexual violence during their
careers, with 13.4% reporting incidents within the past 12 months. The majority of aggressors
were patients (99%), predominantly male (92.1%) and frequently repeat offenders (59.8%).
Notable protective factors included being male, working part-time and practicing in open
areas.
Approximately one in four victims reported experiencing repercussions from the incidents, and
over 80% chose to ignore, pretend it did not happen, or redirect the patient as a coping
mechanism.
This pioneering national study sheds light on the issue of sexual violence among
physiotherapists in Spain. The findings provide valuable insights for characterizing the problem
and developing preventive policies.[Resumen]
El objetivo del trabajo ha sido conocer si los/las fisioterapeutas de España han sufrido violencia
sexual en la relación clínica y estudiar su prevalencia. Se han evaluado factores de riesgo, se ha
descrito a la víctima y agresor/a, las respuestas utilizadas y las consecuencias del padecimiento
de violencia sexual.
Se diseñó un cuestionario en base a la literatura existente y, tras ser evaluado por un comité
de expertos/as, se realizó una prueba piloto. Fue distribuido por el Consejo General de
Colegios de Fisioterapeutas de España obteniendo un total de 3.092 respuestas.
Un 47,9% han padecido violencia sexual en la carrera (13,4% en los últimos 12 meses). En su
mayoría se define a la persona agresora como paciente (99%), hombre (92,1%) y reincidente
(59,8%). Como factores protectores encontramos ser hombre, trabajar a jornada parcial y en
áreas abiertas.
Una de cada 4 víctimas experimenta alguna consecuencia a causa de la violencia sexual y más
del 80% decidió ignorar/fingir que no ha sucedido/redirigir al/a la paciente ante los eventos de
violencia sexual.
Este es el primer estudio nacional sobre violencia sexual en fisioterapeutas y la información
aportada puede resultar útil para la caracterización del problema y el desarrollo de políticas
preventivas
Efecto de la electroestimulación en el flujo venoso evaluado con ecografía
Get PDF[Abstract] Objective. To determine the effect of electrostimulation, with transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), on venous flow assessed by ultrasound.
Methodology. Randomized crossover study performed in two phases. In the first phase, each participant received a sequence of 3 TENS applications at 1 and 5 Hz on the common peroneal nerve and 5 Hz on the soleus muscle. In the second phase, a placebo stimulation, a NMES and a TENS at 5 Hz were applied, all on the soleus muscle. The increase in popliteal venous flow volume (VF) and maximum velocity (VP) were recorded by Doppler ultrasound. The overall sensation of current perceived with each application was evaluated with a visual analog scale and a verbal rating scale.
Results. All applications, except placebo, showed significant hemodynamic responses compared to baseline values. In both phases, the application of TENS at 5 Hz muscle obtained greater increases in VF, smaller increases in VP and better results in current tolerance compared to the other applications (although not always significant).
Conclusion. The effect of the different TENS and NMES programs on the increase in FV and PV was statistically significant.[Resumo]
Obxectivo. Determinar o efecto da electroestimulación, con estimulación eléctrica transcutánea (TENS) e neuromuscular (NMES), sobre o fluxo venoso avaliado con ecografía.
Metodoloxía. Estudo cruzado e aleatorizado realizado en dúas fases. Na 1ª fase cada participante recibiu unha secuencia de 3 aplicacións de TENS a 1 e 5 Hz sobre o nervio peroneo común e 5 Hz sobre o músculo sóleo. Na 2ª aplicouse unha estimulación placebo, unha NMES e unha TENS a 5 Hz, todas sobre o músculo sóleo. Mediante eco-Doppler rexistrouse o incremento do volume de fluxo venoso poplíteo (VF) e a velocidade máxima (VP). Avaliouse a sensación xeral de corrente percibida con cada aplicación cunha escala visual analóxica e cunha escala de puntuación verbal.
Resultados. Todas as aplicacións, salvo o placebo, rexistraron respostas hemodinámicas significativas en comparación cos valores basais. En ambas as fases, a aplicación de TENS a 5 Hz muscular obtivo maiores incrementos de VF, menores de VP e mellores resultados de tolerancia á corrente con respecto ao resto de aplicacións (aínda que non sempre significativos).
Conclusión. O efecto dos distintos programas de TENS e NMES sobre o incremento do VF e a VP foi estatisticamente significativo.[Resumen]
Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la electroestimulación, con estimulación eléctrica transcutánea (TENS) y neuromuscular (NMES), sobre el flujo venoso evaluado con ecografía.
Metodología. Estudio cruzado y aleatorizado realizado en dos fases. En la 1ª fase cada participante recibió una secuencia de 3 aplicaciones de TENS a 1 y 5 Hz sobre el nervio peroneo común y 5 Hz sobre el músculo sóleo. En la 2ª se aplicó una estimulación placebo, una NMES y una TENS a 5 Hz, todas sobre el músculo sóleo. Mediante eco-Doppler se registró el incremento del volumen de flujo venoso poplíteo (VF) y la velocidad máxima (VP). Se evaluó la sensación general de corriente percibida con cada aplicación con una escala visual analógica y con una escala de puntuación verbal.
Resultados. Todas las aplicaciones, salvo el placebo, registraron respuestas hemodinámicas significativas en comparación con los valores basales. En ambas fases, la aplicación de TENS a 5 Hz muscular obtuvo mayores incrementos de VF, menores de VP y mejores resultados de tolerancia a la corriente con respecto al resto de aplicaciones (aunque no siempre significativos).
Conclusión. El efecto de los distintos programas de TENS y NMES sobre el incremento del VF y la VP fue estadísticamente significativo.Xunta de Galicia; ED431C-2016-015Xunta de Galicia; ED431G/0
Legal Perspectives in Waste Manegement: Striking a Balance between Data Protection and High-efficiency Collection Systems
No full text[Resumen]: La Unión Europea ha apostado por el desarrollo de una economía circular sostenible que reemplace el enfoque lineal de desechar productos por uno basado en el reciclaje y la reutilización. Durante estos últimos años se han implementado medidas y directivas para promover la economía circular. En el caso de España se aprobó recientemente la Ley 7/2022 para la regulación de la gestión de residuos y con la que las entidades locales desempeñarán un papel clave. Dentro de sus competencias se han comenzado a utilizar nuevos modelos de alta eficiencia de gestión de residuos, así como la adopción de una tasa que permita el pago por generación, sistemas fuertemente vinculados. Si bien, estos plantean una serie de riesgos respecto a la protección de datos personales. Por ello, el objetivo de la investigación es su análisis. El estudio se divide en secciones que abordan las competencias locales en la gestión de residuos, ejemplos de modelos de gestión inteligente en ciudades españolas, el análisis de los riesgos para la protección de datos, las herramientas dadas por la normativa sobre protección de datos para minimizar dichos riesgos y reflexiones finales.[Abstract]: The European Union has opted for the development of a sustainable circular economy that replaces the linear approach of discarding products with one based on recycling and reuse. In recent years, measures and directives have been implemented to promote the circular economy. In the case of Spain, Law 7/2022 was recently approved for the regulation of waste management and with which local entities will play a key role. Within its powers, new high efficiency models have begun to be used, although these pose a series of risks regarding the protection of personal data. Therefore, the objective of the investigation is its analysis. The study is divided into sections that address local competencies in waste management, examples of smart management models in Spanish cities, risk analysis for data protection, tools provided by data protection regulations to minimize these risks and final conclusions.[Resum]: La Unió Europea ha apostat pel desenvolupament d'una economia circular sostenible que reemplaci l'enfocament lineal de rebutjar productes per un basat en el reciclatge i la reutilització. Durant aquests últims anys s'han implementat mesures i directives per a promoure l'economia circular. En el cas d'Espanya es va aprovar recentment la Llei 7/2022 per a la regulació de la gestió de residus i amb la qual les entitats locals exerciran un paper clau. Dins de les seves competències s'han començat a utilitzar nous models d'alta eficiència de gestió de residus, així com l'adopció d'una taxa que permeti el pagament per generació, sistemes fortament vinculats. No obstant, aquests plantegen un seguit de riscos respecte a la protecció de dades personals. Per això, l'objectiu de la recerca és la seva anàlisi. L'estudi es divideix en seccions que aborden les competències locals en la gestió de residus, exemples de models de gestió intel·ligent en ciutats espanyoles, l'anàlisi dels riscos per a la protecció de dades, les eines donades per la normativa sobre protecció de dades per minimitzar aquests riscos i reflexions finals.Esta investigación se ha desarrollado en el marco del proyecto “Economía circular local (ECIL): políticas públicas, herramientas jurídicas y buenas prácticas en la gestión circular de los residuos municipales" (TED2021-129734B-I00.NG.EU BDNS 59843)
Visceral pain and sensitisation in women with dysmenorrhea: a narrative review
Get PDFReview[Abstract] Visceral pain (VP), from internal organs, is one of the main reasons for health consultations and represents a source of chronic pain. It can provoke referred musculoskeletal pain, viscero-somatic pain, hyperalgesia, and allodynia. The objective of this narrative review is to analyse the underlying mechanisms of somatic reflexed VP and viscero-visceral sensitisation processes that can occur in women with dysmenorrhea. The affectation of one viscera can lead to a sensitisation in those where metameric innervation is shared. In women with dysmenorrhea and painful menstrual periods, some studies find a concomitance increase in gastrointestinal pathologies. VP is a source of chronic pain, that favours the perception of referred pain in tissues where metameric innervation is shared. Women with dysmenorrhea have more possibilities to develop gastrointestinal pathologies like irritable bowel syndrome
A Practical Analysis of Persuasive and Dark Patterns for IIoT and Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems
Get PDFThis is the Accepted version of the paper. The final published paper is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1109/SENSORS60989.2024.10784940Presented at 2024 IEEE SENSORS, 20-23 October 2024, Kobe, Japan.[Abstract]: Sensors and actuators are essential for monitoring and controlling industrial processes. Both kinds of devices are usually managed through Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) platforms and Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), whose cybersecurity is critical. This paper focuses on such cybersecurity by analyzing how a set of attacks known as Persuasive and Dark Patterns can affect user interaction with IIoT applications and ICPSs. By capturing data on how users interact with the system's interface elements, valuable insights are gained into the operator behavior within the industrial environment. Specifically, two versions of the same application are compared: one incorporating Dark Patterns and another one that makes use of Persuasive Patterns. The obtained results reveal significant differences in user behavior, highlighting the impact on user experience and navigation efficiency in an industrial scenario.This work has been supported by Centro Mixto de Investigación UDC-NAVANTIA (IN853C 2022/01), funded by GAIN (Xunta de Galicia) and ERDF Galicia 2021-2027.Xunta de Galicia; IN853C 2022/0
Efficacy of the once-daily tacrolimus formulation LCPT compared to the immediate-release formulation in preventing early post-transplant diabetes in high-risk kidney transplant patients: a randomized, controlled, open-label pilot study (EUDRACT: 2017-000718-52)
Get PDF[Abstract] Background/Objectives: Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) and prediabetes (PreDM) are common after renal transplantation and increase the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. Compared to immediate-release tacrolimus (IR-Tac), the LCPT formulation, with delayed absorption, offers higher bioavailability and a smoother time-concentration curve, potentially reducing beta-cell stress. Methods: This randomized pilot trial compared de novo immunosuppression with IR-Tac (twice daily) and LCPT (once daily). At-risk recipients (age ≥ 60 years or 18-59 years with metabolic syndrome) were enrolled and followed for 3 months. The primary and secondary outcomes were the incidence of PTDM and PreDM, respectively. Results: 27 patients were randomized to IR-Tac and 25 to LCPT. The incidence of PTDM was comparable between groups [IR Tac: 18.5% (95% CI: 8.2-36.7%) vs. LCPT: 24% (95% CI: 11.5-43.4%); p = 0.7]. Although not statistically significant, the LCPT group exhibited a trend toward a reduction in PreDM incidence [IR-Tac: 40.7% (95% CI: 25-59%) vs. LCPT: 20% (95% CI: 9-39%); p = 0.1]. A sensitivity analysis showed similar results, with no significant differences in cumulative corticosteroid doses or baseline body mass index (BMI) between groups. The LCPT group showed a trend toward higher tacrolimus exposure at the end of the study [trough levels: IR-Tac group 8.3 (6.9-9.2) vs. LCPT group 9.4 (7.4-11.4) ng/mL; p = 0.05)], as well as fewer acute rejection episodes (none vs. three). Delayed graft function was more common in the IR-Tac group (37% vs. 8%; p = 0.01), and the eGFR was lower. Adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: The potential biological activity of LCPT in preventing glucose metabolic alterations in at-risk patients warrants further investigation.This study was supported by research funding from the Nephrology Department at Hospital Universitario de Canarias (Fundación Bioavance, FBIO 2024.001)
Unravelling the mechanisms causing murepavadin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: lipopolysaccharide alterations and its consequences
Get PDF[Abstract] Introduction: Murepavadin is an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) in clinical development that selectively targets Pseudomonas aeruginosa LptD and whose resistance profile remains unknown. We aimed to explore genomic modifications and consequences underlying murepavadin and/or colistin susceptibility.
Methods: To define genomic mechanisms underlying resistance, we performed two approaches: 1) a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a P. aeruginosa clinical collection (n=496), considering >0.25 mg/L as tentative cut-off of murepavadin acquired resistance; 2) a paired genomic comparison in a subset of 5 isolates and their isogenic murepavadin-resistant mutants obtained in vitro. Lipid-A composition, immunogenicity and cathelicidin and indolicidin effects on bacterial growth were also tested in this last subset of isolates. Murepavadin MICs were determined in ΔlpxL1 and ΔlpxL2 knock-out mutants obtained from a auxotroph PAO1 derivative.
Results: GWAS revealed a missense variant (A→G p.Thr260Ala in the hisJ gene) associated with murepavadin resistance although both resistant and susceptible strains harbored it (21% and 12% respectively, OR=1.92, p=0.012 in χ² test). Among the isolate subset, murepavadin-resistant mutants with deletions in lpxL1 and lpxL2 genes showed lower abundance of hexa-acylated lipid-A (m/z 1616, 1632). 4-aminoarabinose addition was found only in colistin-resistant isolates but not in the other ones, irrespective of murepavadin susceptibility. Accordingly, ΔlpxL1 and ΔlpxL2 mutants exhibited higher murepavadin MICs than parental PAO1 auxotroph strain (2 and 4 vs 0.5 mg/L respectively). Lipopolysaccharide from murepavadin-resistant mutants triggered lower inflammatory responses in human monocytes. Those with lpxL mutations and hexa-acylated lipid-A loss also exhibited greater growth reduction when exposed to host-derived AMPs cathelicidin and indolicidin.
Discussion: High murepavadin-resistance seems to be linked to lpxL1 and lpxL2 mutations and lower hexa-acylated lipid-A, corresponding to lower inflammatory induction and higher susceptibility to host-derived AMPs. Although GWAS identified one variant associated with the murepavadin-resistant phenotype, data revealed that there was no unique single genetic event underlying this phenotype. Our study provides insight into the mechanisms underlying murepavadin susceptibility.This study was supported by the Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI)-European Commission-funded project (iABC grant 115721-2), composed of financial contribution from the European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) and EFPIA companies in kind contribution, by CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas CIBERINFEC (CB21/13/00084), by IMP23_C10 (2024/0020) from FIBioHRC and also by Personalized and Precision Medicine grant (MePRAM Project, PMP22/00092), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Funded by NextGenerationEU funds from the European Union that finance the actions of the Resilience and Recovery Facility. JA-O has a Sara Borrell contract and a M-AES mobility grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (references CD21/00059 and MV23/00036). RC is the recipient of a grant PI19/01043 co-financed by European Development Regional Fund ERDF “Away to achieve Europe”, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014-2020. MH-G is supported by a postdoctoral contract funded by CIBERINFEC (CB21/13/00084).Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CB21/13/00084info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Programa Estatal Para Afrontar las Prioridades de Nuestro Entorno/PMP22%2F00092/ES/La medicina de precisión contra la resistencia a antimicrobianos: Proyecto MePRAMInstituto de Salud Carlos III; CD21/00059Instituto de Salud Carlos III; MV23/00036info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/ISCIII/Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento del Sistema Español de I+D+I/PI19%2F01043/ES/ESTUDIO DE LA INFECCION BRONCOPULMONAR EN FIBROSIS QUISTICA Y DE LA INTERACCION ENTRE PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA Y STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS EN EL MICROBIOMA RESPIRATORI
Model to estimate urban public services demand, by zone, using geographic information systems
Get PDF[Resumen:] Para el diseño y operación de cualquier servicio público, un elemento básico es determinar el número de personas a quienes se les prestará el servicio, no importando si es agua potable, drenajes, transporte o electricidad. Sin embargo, cuando los conglomerados urbanos son grandes o tienen ciudades dormitorio, la estimación de la población a servir se vuelve compleja, sobre todo porque los censos poblacionales por lo regular solo consideran la población residente en un territorio. Así, un distrito comercial o financiero puede tener una población residente relativamente pequeña, pero una población flotante considerable que, aunque solo trabaje, estudie o visite la zona, requiere los servicios básicos (agua, drenaje, etc.). Las mediciones de tráfico dan un valor global de cuántas personas ingresan a un municipio o territorio, pero difícilmente determinan cómo se distribuyen en las zonas urbanas. El modelo propuesto aprovecha las ventajas de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) para ubicar la demanda, calculando un estimado de la población a servir, en función de los metros cuadrados construidos y tipo de uso; esto permite no sólo determinar la población residente y flotante de una región, sino también sectorizar y delimitar áreas específicas para obtener los datos de población a servir en un sector, definiendo volúmenes de agua, redes, plantas potabilizadoras, tamaño de drenajes y descargas sanitarias, así como dimensionar plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales (PTAR), o necesidades de transporte y servicio eléctrico. El modelo se aplicó en la zona urbana del municipio de Guatemala, Guatemala, ubicado en América Central, obteniéndose la población residente y flotante por cada una de las zonas. El modelo permite definir la población flotante, estimarla a futuro con base en las proyecciones de área construida y ajustarlo conforme ocurran los cambios.[Abstract:] For the design and operation of any public service, a basic element is to determine the number of people to whom the service would be provided, regardless of whether it is drinking water, drainage, transportation or electricity. However, when urban clusters are large or have dormitory cities, estimating the population to serve becomes complex, especially since population censuses usually only consider the resident population in a territory. Thus a commercial or financial district, may have a relatively small resident population, but a considerable floating population that, although only working, studying or visiting the area, requires basic services (water, drainage, etc.). Traffic measurements give an overall value of how many people enter a municipality or territory, but hardly determine how they are distributed in urban areas. The proposed model takes advantage of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to locate the demand, calculating an estimate of the population to be served, based on the square meters built and type of use. This allows not only to determine the resident and floating population of a region, but also to select and delimit specific areas, to obtain the population data to be served in a sector, defining volumes of water, networks, water treatment plants, size of drains and sanitary discharges, as well as sizing wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) or transport and electric service needs. The model was applied in the urban area of the Guatemala Municipality, Guatemala, located in Central America, obtaining the resident and floating population for each of the zones. The model allows defining the floating population, to estimate it in the future based on the projections of built area and adjusting it as changes occur