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PetNet: Detection of Diseases in Dog Skin
No full textThe present study is focused on the detection of certain skin diseases in dogs by using the ResNet-50 neural network architecture. The main objective of the research is to improve the diagnosis of skin diseases in dogs. The problem addressed lies in the need for efficient and reliable detection of dermatological diseases in dogs, which represents a challenge for veterinary professionals, due to the similarity of various skin diseases. The methodology used is based on the convolutional neural network model ResNet50, pre-trained with a large number of images of different categories. The model is specifically adapted to identify and classify canine skin conditions, these are dermatitis, pyoderma and scabies. A transfer learning technique is used for this purpose, taking advantage of the knowledge previously acquired by the model. The PetNet model based on Resnet50 has achieved 85% accuracy in classifying skin diseases in dogs. Similarly, individually PetNet has achieved 81%, 84% and 92% for detecting dermatitis, pyoderma and scabies, respectively. These results support the usefulness of the proposed model as an effective tool for the diagnosis of skin diseases in dogs. In summary, this research presents an innovative approach for the detection of skin diseases in dogs by implementing the PetNet model based on Resnet50. The results obtained reflect a high accuracy in the classification of canine skin conditions, which can significantly contribute to improve veterinary care and improve the quality of life of dogs.ODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructuraODS 15: Vida de ecosistemas terrestresODS 3: Salud y bienesta
Assessment of Hammer Energy Measurement for the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) Using Pile Driving Analyzer and Kallpa Analyzer Devices in Peru
Get PDFEnergy measurement in dynamic penetration tests is key to correctly interpreting test results and ensuring comparable geotechnical data. Although commercial devices are widely used, their high cost limits adoption in developing regions such as Peru, affecting the accuracy of soil evaluation in many geotechnical studies. In this context, this research presents an energy measurement system called Kallpa, which uses low-cost electronic components to digitize sensor signals during Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs). Kallpa employs high-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with an advanced sampling frequency, processing and storing data via a Raspberry Pi 4 microcomputer. The sensors, including accelerometers and strain gauges, were calibrated and compared with the Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) to validate their accuracy in the Kallpa system. This study involved sixteen Standard Penetration Tests (SPTs) conducted in various regions of Peru using donut hammers and two tests involving automatic hammers. The results demonstrate that the Kallpa system is comparable to other energy measurement devices on the market, such as the Dynamic Penetration Test (DPT), which provides accurate SPT energy measurements. The Kallpa Processor (Version 1.0) software was developed to perform data acquisition and calibration, analyzing approximately 500 hammer blows and comparing peak values with those of the Pile Driving Analyzer. The data collected by Kallpa’s sensors strongly agreed with the PDA data, validating the reliability of the device. The Energy Transfer Ratio (ETR) for manual hammers ranged from 43.5% to 68.4%, with an average of 58.9%, whereas automatic hammers presented ETR values between 82% and 87%. The correction of the N60 blow count allowed for the estimation of the relative density of soils evaluated at different depths and locations across Peru.Universidad Nacional de IngenieriasODS 3: Salud y bienestarODS 4: Educación de calidadODS 5: Igualdad de géner
Updates on HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Latin America: Available Drugs and Implementation Status
Get PDFLatin America has reported a 9% increase in new HIV infections from 2010 to 2023. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a crucial biomedical intervention for preventing HIV transmission. Currently, several antiretroviral drugs, in various forms of administration, have demonstrated high efficacy and effectiveness to protect against HIV. Among the oral drugs, we have emtricitabine/te-nofovir and emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide, while alternative options include the dapivirine vaginal ring, injectable drugs such as Cabotegravir, and the most recently studied Lenacapavir. Despite their high efficacy and effectiveness, implementing PrEP in Latin America has been challenging throughout the region. Although some countries such as Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia have shown progress in increasing the number of users, there is a significant gap between these countries and others where PrEP access remains limited or non-existent. Barriers such as lack of awareness, inadequate funding, political instability, and outdated policies contribute to disparities in access, leaving many populations at high risk of HIV infection without this preventative measure. Innovative strategies need to be implemented to address and monitor policies that ensure access for all at-risk populations.ODS 3: Salud y bienestarODS 4: Educación de calidadODS 5: Igualdad de géner
The case of Sydney universities: Embracing multilingualism or preserving English-only practices in the Australian context?
No full textWithin the study of multilingualism, research using the lens of “linguistic landscapes” (LL) has caught the attention of sociolinguists by describing the make-up of urban centers and shedding light on issues of social justice and linguistic harmony. The current study aimed to determine if the language used in the public domain in the university context endorses a monolingual mindset, or whether it promotes multilingual ideologies. To accomplish this goal, photographic data was collected by exploring the physical campuses of two Australian universities in Sydney. By using discursive analysis in the context of LL methodologies, the following categories emerged from the data: (1) omnipresence of monolingual signage, (2) relatively high frequency of Asian languages and Arabic, (3) Westernization and/or commodification of Indigenous languages, (4) symbolic use of university space, (5) differences between top-down and bottom-up messages, and (6) display of information about health issues. These findings suggest the pervasiveness of a monolingual mindset in university campuses in Sydney, despite nascent attempts to incorporate messages in languages other than English in the public domain.ODS 3: Salud y bienestarODS 4: Educación de calidadODS 5: Igualdad de géner
Responding to old problems in the Dutch work addiction scale: a psychometric approach in a Peruvian sample
Get PDFBackground: Harmful work patterns have become a public health problem. These conditions are worrying since they can have an impact on mental health, social conflicts, and physical difficulties due to their normalization of pathological behaviors related to work addiction. Aims: (1) determine the psychometric properties and reliability of the DUWAS and (2) evaluate valid comparisons at the construct level. Methods: The Spanish version of DUWAS was used. For the evaluation of the psychometric model, 446 Peruvian workers responded to the Spanish version (60.5% women aged 18 to 65, M = 35.1 SD = 12.45). Results: The unidimensional version was confirmed (x2 = 67.495(14); CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95; SRMR = 0.050 and RMSEA = 0.069). The reliability was acceptable (α = 0.735; 95% CI: 0.706 − 0.762; ω = 0.741; 95% CI: 0.712 − 0.767) and measurement invariance was confirmed for sex and age groups. Concurrent validity was mostly identified with mental health indicators. Conclusion: This study provides new information on dimensionality and the realization of valid comparisons that allow its use in Spanish-speaking workers.ODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructuraODS 3: Salud y bienestarODS 4: Educación de calida
Implementation of a Machine Learning Regression Model to Improve the Valuation of Apartments by Tempo Perú in Lima Centro and Lima Oeste
No full textLa investigación aplica técnicas avanzadas de aprendizaje automático, específicamente el modelo XGB Regressor, para mejorar la precisión y eficiencia en la valoración de propiedades inmobiliarias en Lima Centro y Lima Oeste. Enfocada en Tempo Perú, aborda los desafíos de los métodos tradicionales y subjetivos de valoración. El estudio identifica variables clave que influyen en la valoración de departamentos y construye un modelo de regresión utilizando XGB Regressor, implementado en la aplicación web Evaluator para automatizar el proceso y mejorar la eficiencia operativa.
Se probaron cinco regresores lineales y ocho no lineales, determinando que el XGB Regressor ofrecía los mejores resultados en términos de precisión y robustez. La metodología integró CRISP-DM y SCRUM, abarcando desde la recolección y análisis de datos hasta la construcción del modelo y su implementación. Los datos incluyeron características del inmueble, proximidad a lugares de interés (empresas, lugares públicos, entretenimiento), nivel socioeconómico, información de DataCrim y Google Maps.
Los resultados mostraron un R² de 95.16% y un MAPE de 7.219%, validando la efectividad del modelo. Las variables más influyentes fueron el área del inmueble, la latitud y la densidad de comercios cercanos. La implementación del modelo mejoró significativamente la precisión de las valoraciones, redujo tiempos y costos, y aumentó la satisfacción del cliente, fortaleciendo la posición de Tempo Perú en el mercado.
Este estudio demuestra cómo el aprendizaje automático puede transformar la valoración inmobiliaria, ofreciendo mayor precisión y eficiencia, y proporcionando a Tempo Perú una herramienta robusta que optimiza sus procesos operativos y mejora su competitividad.The research applies advanced machine learning techniques, specifically the XGB Regressor model, to enhance accuracy and efficiency in the valuation of real estate properties in Central and Western Lima. Focused on Tempo Perú, it addresses the challenges of traditional and subjective valuation methods. The study identifies key variables influencing apartment valuations and builds a regression model using XGB Regressor, implemented in the web application Evaluator to automate the process and improve operational efficiency.
Five linear regressors and eight nonlinear regressors were tested, determining that the XGB Regressor offered the best results in terms of precision and robustness. The methodology integrated CRISP-DM and SCRUM frameworks, encompassing everything from data collection and analysis to model construction and implementation. The data included property characteristics, proximity to points of interest (businesses, public places, entertainment), socioeconomic level, and information from DataCrim and Google Maps.
The results showed an adjusted R² of 95.16% and a MAPE of 7.219%, validating the model's effectiveness. The most influential variables were the property's area, latitude, and the density of nearby businesses. The implementation of the model significantly improved valuation accuracy, reduced time and costs, and increased customer satisfaction, strengthening Tempo Perú's position in the market.
This study demonstrates how machine learning can transform real estate valuation, offering greater precision and efficiency, and providing Tempo Perú with a robust tool that optimizes its operational processes and enhances its competitiveness.Trabajo de investigació
Proposal for a rigid pavement subdrainage system according to the AASHTO 93 methodology and the Design Guide for Clogging Resistant Permeable Pavement (CRP) due to high rainfall on Pakamuros Avenue Km 0+510 – Km 0+610, Jaén province, Cajamarca department
No full textEn Perú, durante la temporada de lluvias, los proyectos viales se ven afectados. En la provincia de Jaén, departamento de Cajamarca, en los últimos años se han registrado uno de los valores más altos de precipitaciones a nivel nacional, lo cual ha provocado el desgaste de las carreteras debido al desbordamiento de ríos y deslizamientos de tierra.
Con el objetivo de abordar este problema, se plantea un sistema de subdrenaje de un pavimento rígido según la metodología AASHTO 93 y la guía de diseño para pavimento Permeable Resistente a la Obstrucción (CRP, por sus siglas en inglés, Clogging Resistant Permeable Pavement) en la avenida Pakamuros Km 0+510 – Km 0+610, provincia de Jaén. El ensayo de anillo de infiltración del concreto drenante reveló una permeabilidad de 0.212 cm/s, similar a la de un concreto permeable convencional con un 20% de vacío, según el ACI 522R-10, que presenta una resistencia a compresión de 175.77 kg/cm² y a flexión de 1.77 kg/cm². En comparación, el concreto drenante propuesto sobresale por su mayor resistencia a compresión (350 kg/cm²) y flexión (53.60 kg/cm²). Seegún la metodología AASHTO 93, la capa del pavimento rígido se calculó 20 cm de espesor. En la situación actual el caudal de diseño es 14.13 l/s. Sin embargo, con la propuesta se tiene un caudal mayor de infiltración de 16.87 l/s, por lo que se puede filtrar 2.74 lt/s más. Finalmente, el diseño de subdrenaje propuesto tiene un diámetro de 200 mm con una pendiente de 1.5% y la altura del geodrén de 1.0 m.In Peru, during the rainy season, road projects are affected. In the province of Jaén, department of Cajamarca, some of the highest precipitation levels in the country have been recorded in recent years, leading to road deterioration due to river overflows and landslides.
To address this issue, a subsurface drainage system for a rigid pavement is proposed based on the AASHTO 93 methodology and the design guide for Clogging Resistant Permeable Pavement (CRP) along Pakamuros Avenue, from Km 0+510 to Km 0+610, in the province of Jaén.
The infiltration ring test of the permeable concrete revealed a permeability of 0.212 cm/s, similar to that of conventional permeable concrete with 20% voids, according to ACI 522R-10, which has a compressive strength of 175.77 kg/cm² and a flexural strength of 1.77 kg/cm². In comparison, the proposed permeable concrete stands out for its higher compressive strength (350 kg/cm²) and flexural strength (53.60 kg/cm²). According to the AASHTO 93 methodology, the rigid pavement layer was calculated to have a thickness of 20 cm. Under current conditions, the design flow rate is 14.13 l/s. However, with the proposed system, the infiltration flow rate increases to 16.87 l/s, allowing for an additional filtration of 2.74 l/s. Finally, the proposed subsurface drainage design has a diameter of 200 mm, a slope of 1.5%, and a geodrain height of 1.0 m.TesisODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructuraODS 4: Educación de calidadODS 8: Trabajo decente y crecimiento económic
Management for the optimization of lead-zinc recovery using the flotation technique at the Parinacochas-Ayacucho-2024 concentration plant
No full textLa investigación busca optimizar el tratamiento del mineral polimetálico en la Planta Concentradora Parinacocha-Ayacucho, mejorando la recuperación de plomo-zinc (Pb-Zn) mediante flotación con variables optimizadas. El análisis químico y mineralógico indicó que el mineral contiene galena (45,5%), blenda (34,7%) y argentita (3,9%), con leyes promedio de 12,75% Pb, 3,58% Zn y 8,91 Oz/TC Ag. Su textura mixta simple permite una alta liberación, y la granulometría óptima para flotación es de 250 micrones.
Las pruebas de flotación diferencial lograron recuperaciones de 93,91% Pb (ley 64,91%) y 96,69% Zn (ley 57,33%), superiores al proceso actual (88,29% Pb y 76,25% Zn). El análisis estadístico validó la importancia de la granulometría y la dosificación de reactivos, como ZnSO4 en la flotación de Pb y Z-11 en la de Zn. Con un optimizador de respuestas, se obtuvieron 92,69% de recuperación y 64,23% de ley para Pb, y 95,87% de recuperación y 56,70% de ley para Zn.
El análisis económico evidenció la rentabilidad del proceso, con valores comerciales de 1565,01/TM para el de Zn. La optimización del proceso en la Planta Concentradora Parinacocha-Ayacucho mejoró significativamente la recuperación de Pb y Zn, incrementando la rentabilidad y presentando un modelo viable para otras plantas con características similares.The research seeks to optimize the treatment of polymetallic mineral at the Parinacocha-Ayacucho Concentrator Plant, operated by Cía Minera Plata Dorada S.A., improving the recovery of lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) through flotation with optimized variables. Chemical and mineralogical analysis indicated that the mineral contains galena (45.5%), blende (34.7%) and argentite (3.9%), with average grades of 12.75% Pb, 3.58% Zn and 8.91 Oz/TC Ag. Its simple mixed texture allows for high liberation, and the optimal particle size for flotation is 250 microns.
Differential flotation tests achieved recoveries of 93.91% Pb (grade 64.91%) and 96.69% Zn (grade 57.33%), higher than the current process (88.29% Pb and 76.25% Zn). Statistical analysis validated the importance of particle size distribution and reagent dosage, such as ZnSO4 in Pb flotation and Z-11 in Zn flotation. Using a response optimizer, 92.69% recovery and 64.23% grade were obtained for Pb, and 95.87% recovery and 56.70% grade for Zn.
The economic analysis showed the profitability of the process, with commercial values of 1565.01/MT for the Zn concentrate. The optimization of the process at the Parinacocha-Ayacucho Concentrator Plant significantly improved the recovery of Pb and Zn, increasing profitability and presenting a viable model for other plants with similar characteristics.TesisODS 8: Trabajo decente y crecimiento económicoODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructuraODS 4: Educación de calida
Emotional self-regulation in university students who do and do not practice sports at private universities in Metropolitan Lima
No full textRESUMEN
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal comparar la autorregulación emocional en estudiantes de universidades privadas en Lima Metropolitana qué practican y no practican deporte, además de establecer comparaciones según el sexo y tipo de deporte (individual o grupal). El diseño de la investigación fue de tipo no experimental, descriptiva comparativa y transversal. Acorde a la muestra, fue no probabilística intencional y esta estuvo constituida por 267 participantes (92 hombres y 175 mujeres), con edades entre 18 y 25 años; de ellos el 52.06% practican deporte y el 47.94% no lo hacen. Se les aplicó de manera virtual el cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (ERQP) adaptado al español y validado en el Perú por Matos y Gargurevich (2010). En los resultados no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al evaluar la autorregulación emocional en estudiantes que practican y no practican deportes, asimismo cuando se realizaron las mismas comparaciones de acuerdo al sexo y al tipo de deporte. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que la práctica deportiva, podría no ser factor exclusivo en el desarrollo de la regulación emocional, debido a que existen otras actividades como la escucha de música, la vida espiritual y actividades artísticas creativas que también la desarrollan. Así mismo no se hallaron diferencias entre los índices de supresión y reevaluación cognitiva entre hombres y mujeres; y no se encontró diferencias en ambas variables en los participantes que realizan deportes individuales y colectivos.The main objective of this research was to compare emotional self-regulation in students of private universities in Metropolitan Lima who do and do not practice sports, as well as to establish comparisons according to sex and type of sport (individual or group). The research design was non-experimental, descriptive, comparative and cross-sectional. According to the sample, it was intentionally non-probabilistic and consisted of 267 participants (92 men and 175 women), aged between 18 and 25 years; 52.06% of them practice sports and 47.94% do not. The Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQP) adapted to Spanish and validated in Peru by Matos and Gargurevich (2010) was applied virtually. In the results, no statistically significant differences were found when evaluating emotional self-regulation in students who do and do not practice sports, also when the same comparisons were made according to sex and type of sport. The results obtained show that the practice of sports may not be an exclusive factor in the development of emotional regulation, since there are other activities, such as listening to music, spiritual life and creative artistic activities that also develop it. Likewise, no differences were found between the indices of suppression and cognitive reappraisal between men and women; and no differences were found in both variables in the participants who practice individual and collective sports.TesisODS 4: Educación de calidadODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructuraODS 5: Igualdad de géner
Association between social support and the presence of depression symptoms in hospital workers of the hospitals “Hospital Regional del Cusco” and “Hospital Adolfo Guevara Velasco - EsSalud” of Cusco – Peru
No full textObjetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre soporte social y la presencia de síntomas de depresión en trabajadores de dos hospitales de Cusco - Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico transversal. La población fue conformada por 677 trabajadores del “Hospital Adolfo Guevara Velasco - EsSalud” y “ Hospital Regional” de Cusco, Perú. Para medir los síntomas de depresión se utilizó la escala multidimensional PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire) con un punto de corte de 5. Para medir el apoyo social se utilizó la escala multidimensional de apoyo social percibido (MSPSS), esta fue una variable categórica y politómica. Se empleó un modelo de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para calcular PR crudo y ajustado con un IC95%. Resultados: 55,2% fueron mujeres, 72.2% fue personal asistencial. En lo referente a la presencia de síntomas de depresión, el 7,5% presenta síntomas de depresión moderados y 21,7% moderadamente graves. Por otro lado, el 35,4% de participantes cuenta con un nivel leve y moderado de apoyo social. Por último, se encontró que aquellas personas con un apoyo social moderado tuvieron 50% más presencia de síntomas de depresión (p=0,001), en comparación con las que tuvieron apoyo social alto, ajustado por el resto de las variables en el modelo. No se encontró diferencia entre el nivel leve y el nivel alto (p>0,05). Conclusión: Se encontró diferencia entre soporte social moderado y alto y la presencia de síntomas de depresión; no se encontró diferencia entre nivel leve y nivel alto. Se recomienda realizar estudios longitudinales.Objective: To evaluate the association between social support and the presence of depression symptoms in workers of two hospitals in Cusco - Peru. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. The population was made up of 677 workers from the "Hospital Adolfo Guevara Velasco - EsSalud" and "Hospital Regional" from Cusco, Peru. To measure the symptoms of depression, the multidimensional scale PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire) was used with a cut-off point of 5. To measure social support, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) was used, this was a categorical variable. and polytomous. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to calculate raw and adjusted PR with a 95% CI. Results: 55.2% were women, 72.2% were healthcare personnel. Regarding the presence of depression symptoms, 7.5% presented moderate depression symptoms and 21.7% moderately severe ones. On the other hand, 35.4% of participants have a mild and moderate level of social support. Lastly, it was found that those with moderate social support had 50% more presence of depression symptoms (p=0.001), compared to those with high social support, adjusted for the rest of the variables in the model. No difference was found between the mild level and the high level (p>0.05). Conclusion: A difference was found between moderate and high social support and the presence of depression symptoms; no difference was found between mild level and high level. Longitudinal studies are recommended.TesisODS 3: Salud y bienestarODS 5: Igualdad de géneroODS 9: Industria, innovación e infraestructur