University of Valencia
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Infrared Difference Spectroscopy of Proteins: From Bands to Bonds.
No full textInfrared difference spectroscopy probes vibrational changes of proteins upon their perturbation. Compared with other spectroscopic methods, it stands out by its sensitivity to the protonation state, H-bonding, and the conformation of different groups in proteins, including the peptide backbone, amino acid side chains, internal water molecules, or cofactors. In particular, the detection of protonation and H-bonding changes in a time-resolved manner, not easily obtained by other techniques, is one of the most successful applications of IR difference spectroscopy. The present review deals with the use of perturbations designed to specifically change the protein between two (or more) functionally relevant states, a strategy often referred to as reaction-induced IR difference spectroscopy. In the first half of this contribution, I review the technique of reaction-induced IR difference spectroscopy of proteins, with special emphasis given to the preparation of suitable samples and their characterization, strategies for the perturbation of proteins, and methodologies for time-resolved measurements (from nanoseconds to minutes). The second half of this contribution focuses on the spectral interpretation. It starts by reviewing how changes in H-bonding, medium polarity, and vibrational coupling affect vibrational frequencies, intensities, and bandwidths. It is followed by band assignments, a crucial aspect mostly performed with the help of isotopic labeling and site-directed mutagenesis, and complemented by integration and interpretation of the results in the context of the studied protein, an aspect increasingly supported by spectral calculations. Selected examples from the literature, predominately but not exclusively from retinal proteins, are used to illustrate the topics covered in this review
Psychometric properties of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-Short Form in Spanish undergraduates
No full textThe Oxford Happiness Questionnaire-Short Form (OHQ-SF) is an 8-item scale that assesses happiness, and it has been adapted for use with Spanish individuals. However, no study has examined its structural validity and gender invariance in young adults. To check this, the psychometric properties of the OHQ-SF were analyzed in a sample of 625 Spanish undergraduates (175 men, 28%, and 450 women, 72%), with an age range between 18 and 29 years (M = 20.80, SD = 2.40). Spanish adaptations of the OHQ-SF, Purpose In Life Test-10 Items (PIL-10), Satisfaction With Life Scales (SWLS), and Seeking of Noetic Goals (SONG) were used. The OHQ-SF showed an internal consistency of .66, a composite reliability of .68, an average inter-item correlation of .21, and total-item correlations ranging from .27 to .52 (M = .36). Confirmatory procedures revealed an excellent fit for the OHQ-SF (SBχ2(20) = 22.387, p = .320, CFI = .996, TLI = .995, RMSEA = .014), and configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance across gender groups. The difference between the women's mean (36.40, SD = 5.3) and the men's mean (36.27, SD = 5.09) in the OHQ-SF was not significant (t(623) = -.285, p = .776). Correlations between the OHQ-SF, the PIL-10, the SWLS, and the SONG-8 were strong and significant (ρ = .61, p < .001; ρ = .64, p < .001; and ρ = -.38, p < .001 respectively). These results confirm that the Spanish version of the OHQ-SF, used with Spanish undergraduates in the present study, is a reliable and valid scale
Digital skills on European Union law
No full textThis book teaches in a quite easy way how to use two databases related to European Union law. The first one is through the website ‘EUR-Lex’ and the second one is through the website ‘CURIA - Court of Justice of the European Union.’ You will acquire the digital skills necessary to handle and search the Official Journal of the European Union; to search the sources of European Union law, using various criteria; to search judgments and opinions of the Court of Justice of the European Union, using various criteria; to perform thematic searches on any aspect of European law; to search case law on a specific rule of the European Union; and to search bibliography on specific judgments
Nuevas perspectivas deconstructivas para la traducción jurídica: de la hospitalidad a la hauntología
No full textEn el presente trabajo, mediante una metodología de investigación conceptual centrada en el desarrollo de argumentos y delimitada por un marco epistemológico de lectura deconstructiva, se explorarán conceptos derridianos como la hospitalidad, el acontecimiento o su pensamiento hauntológico en relación con la traducción jurídica. El objetivo de esta investigación es abrir nuevas vías de reflexión y práctica para la traducción jurídica ante los desafíos que plantea una contemporaneidad donde las asimetrías y fricciones identitarias, lingüísticas, culturales e ideológicas conforman un espacio en el que la traducción juega un papel primordial. Tras el desarrollo teórico del trabajo, se plantearán vías de actuación teórico-práctica que reconfiguran la manera de traducir este tipo de textos; la agencia que tenemos al traducir en este ámbito; la concepción del lenguaje jurídico y el texto original, y que permiten plantear una ética traductora que pueda dar respuesta a los desafíos que nos plantea el presente.-- In this essay, using a conceptual research methodology focused on argument development and delimited by an epistemological framework of deconstructive reading, Derridean concepts such as hospitality, event, and hauntology will be explored in their relationship with legal translation. The aim of this paper is to open new paths for the reflection upon, and practice of, legal translation in face of the challenges posed by our contemporary era; an era characterised by asymmetries and conflicts in terms of identities, languages, cultures, and ideologies, which shape a scenario where translation plays a major role. After the conceptual development of this paper, different theoretical and practical lines of action will be outlined. These proposals may affect the way legal texts are translated and the agency we have as translators in this domain, as well as the way we understand legal language and original texts, leading us to propose a translation ethics fit to face the challenges of the present
Mutations in the LGI1/Epitempin gene on 10q24 cause autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy.
No full textAutosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (EPT; OMIM 600512) is a form of epilepsy characterized by partial seizures, usually preceded by auditory signs. The gene for this disorder has been mapped by linkage studies to chromosomal region 10q24. Here we show that mutations in the LGI1 gene segregate with EPT in two families affected by this disorder. Both mutations introduce premature stop codons and thus prevent the production of the full-length protein from the affected allele. By immunohistochemical studies, we demonstrate that the LGI1 protein, which contains several leucine-rich repeats, is expressed ubiquitously in the neuronal cell compartment of the brain. Moreover, we provide evidence for genetic heterogeneity within this disorder, since several other families with a phenotype consistent with this type of epilepsy lack mutations in the LGI1 gene
El fin ético no naturalista de la neuroeducación
No full textEl fin ético no naturalista de la neuroeducació
Information assets: A typology of disclosed and non-disclosed information
No full textThe debate surrounding the value of disclosed and non-disclosed information as a competitive element has stalled; it has not been possible to make a universal, precise claim as to their potential to generate competitive advantages. This empirical inconsistency can be explained in part by the heterogeneity of information assets, which can give rise to different information dimensions, each offering different potential for generating results depending on the degree to which they meet the conditions of complementarity and co-specialization with other resources. This article helps to move forward on this issue by presenting a theoretical construct of the concept 'information assets' and subsequently testing it using an exploratory factor analysis with five dimensions, categorized according to the nature of the information and its recipient
Danio rerio embryo as in vivo model for the evaluation of the toxicity and metabolism of pyrovalerone cathinones
No full textThe objective of the present manuscript was the evaluation of the toxicity and metabolism of the second generation of pyrovalerone cathinones (α-PHP, α-PHPiP, 4-MePPP and TH-PVP), using an early zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as in vivo model. Pyrovalerone cathinones LC50 were determined after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure. TH-PVP proved to be the most toxic cathinone, whereas 4-MePPP was the least toxic. During acute exposure to pyrovalerone cathinones the main signs of toxicity exhibited by survivors were pericardial edema, yolk sac in embryos, bradycardia, delay in the hatching, malformations, and larvae without touch response. Afterwards, a short-term non-lethal experiment (24 h) was performed with early zebrafish larvae (72 h) for each of the selected compounds. The produced metabolites were tentatively identified by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and the metabolic pathways were proposed. The results showed that hydroxylation and dihydroxylation can be considered the main metabolic pathways, although depending of the cathinone studied, other metabolites can be found
Desiccation Tolerance in Chlorophyllous Fern Spores: Are Ecophysiological Features Related to Environmental Conditions?
No full textFern spores of most species are desiccation tolerant (DT) and, in some cases, are photosynthetic at maturation, the so-called chlorophyllous spores (CS). The lifespan of CS in the dry state is very variable among species. The physiological, biochemical, and biophysical mechanisms underpinning this variability remain understudied and their interpretation from an ecophysiological approach virtually unexplored. In this study, we aimed at fulfilling this gap by assessing photochemical, hydric, and biophysical properties of CS from three temperate species with contrasting biological strategies and longevity in the dry state: Equisetum telmateia (spore maturation and release in spring, ultrashort lifespan), Osmunda regalis (spore maturation and release in summer, medium lifespan), Matteuccia struthiopteris (spore maturation and release in winter, medium-long lifespan). After subjection of CS to controlled drying treatments, results showed that the three species displayed different extents of DT. CS of E. telmateia rapidly lost viability after desiccation, while the other two withstood several dehydration-rehydration cycles without compromising viability. The extent of DT was in concordance with water availability in the sporulation season of each species. CS of O. regalis and M. struthiopteris carried out the characteristic quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence, widely displayed by other DT cryptogams during drying, and had higher tocopherol and proline contents. The turgor loss point of CS is also related to the extent of DT and to the sporulation season: lowest values were found in CS of M. struthiopteris and O. regalis. The hydrophobicity of spores in these two species was higher and probably related to the prevention of water absorption under unfavorable conditions. Molecular mobility, estimated by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, confirmed an unstable glassy state in the spores of E. telmateia, directly related to the low DT, while the DT species entered in a stable glassy state when dried. Overall, our data revealed a DT syndrome related to the season of sporulation that was characterized by higher photoprotective potential, specific hydric properties, and lower molecular mobility in the dry state. Being unicellular haploid structures, CS represent not only a challenge for germplasm preservation (e.g., as these spores are prone to photooxidation) but also an excellent opportunity for studying mechanisms of DT in photosynthetic cells
Adultez emergente: patrón de relaciones interpersonales, consumo de alcohol y psicopatología
No full textLa adultez emergente (AE) es una etapa de transición entre la adolescencia y la adultez en la cual se desarrollan la identidad y nuevos roles sociales. Los vínculos que se establecen en la infancia influyen en la psicopatología, el consumo de alcohol y las relaciones interpersonales que se establecerán más tarde, siendo el apego inseguro un factor de riesgo de psicopatolo-gía. El objetivo es conocer los factores asociados con el malestar psicoló-gico en la AE. Tras firmar el consentimiento informado, los participantes (n = 217), de 18 a 25 años (70% mujeres), respondieron una encuesta que evaluó el apego adulto (CR), la psicopatología (SA-45), la dependen-cia emocional (DE) (IRIDS-100) y el consumo de alcohol (AUDIT). Predominaron los estilos de apego inseguros (61,8%), la codependencia (CD) (35%) y la sintomatología ansiosa-depresiva (M = 6,87; DT = 5,17) y (M = 5,53; DT = 4,42), respectivamente. Un peor modelo de sí mismo se relacionó con mayor malestar psicológico y relaciones interpersonales disfuncionales. El consumo de alcohol se vinculó de manera positiva con mayor psicopatología y con DE. El estudio subraya que sería interesante potenciar las vinculaciones afectivas seguras en la infancia para prevenir el malestar psicológico en el futuro, así como las relaciones interpersona-les disfuncionales