University of Valencia
Repositori d'Objectes Digitals per a l'Ensenyament la Recerca i la CulturaNot a member yet
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Association Between Lifestyle and Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype in the PREDIMED-Plus Study
No full textObjective: The hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype is characterized by abdominal obesity and high levels of triglycerides. In a crosssectional assessment of PREDIMED-Plus trial participants at baseline, HTGW phenotype prevalence was evaluated, associated risk factors were analyzed, and the lifestyle of individuals with metabolic syndrome and HTGW was examined. Methods: A total of 6,874 individuals aged 55 to 75 with BMI ≥ 27 and < 40 kg/m2 were included and classified by presence (HTGW+) or absence (HTGW−) of HTGW (waist circumference: men ≥ 102 cm, women ≥ 88 cm; fasting plasma triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL). Analytical parameters and lifestyle (energy intake and expenditure) were analyzed. Results: A total of 38.2% of the sample met HTGW+ criteria. HTGW+ individuals tended to be younger, have a greater degree of obesity, be sedentary, and be tobacco users. They had higher peripheral glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels; and had increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and physical activity were greater in HTGW− patients. Age, BMI, tobacco use, total energy expenditure, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and MedDiet adherence were associated with HTGW+. Conclusions: HTGW is a highly prevalent phenotype in this population associated with younger age, higher BMI, tobacco use, and decreased MedDiet adherence. HTGW− individuals were more physically active with greater total physical activity, and fewer had hypertension. Obesity (2020) 28, 537-543
Community-onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary sepsis in elderly people: Predictive factors, adequacy of empirical therapy and outcome
No full text1 Purpose To know the predictive factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) urinary sepsis in hospitalised elderly patients coming from community, the adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy and its outcomes. 2 Methods Retrospective case-control study conducted between 2007 and 2017. Patients aged 65 years or older with PA urinary sepsis were included as cases. Three age‐matched controls, with urinary sepsis caused by other microorganisms, were selected for each case. Predictors for PA urinary sepsis were determined by logistic regression analysis. Adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy and outcomes were compared between both groups. 3 Results A total of 332 patients, from which 83 were cases, were included. Predictive factors for PA urinary sepsis were as follows: male sex (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.61‐6.10; P < .001), urinary catheter (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.73‐6.11; P < .001) and healthcare‐associated infection (OR 5.52, 95% CI 1.76 −17.29; P = .003). Inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy (IEAT) and length of hospital stay were higher in PA group (42% vs 24%, P = .002; 7.45 ± 4.36 days vs 6.43 ± 3.82 days, P = .045, respectively), but mortality was not different (7.2% vs 8.8%, P = .648). 4 Conclusions Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary sepsis in elderly people was associated with male sex, urinary catheter and healthcare‐associated infection. These infections had a higher rate of IEAT and a longer hospital stay than urinary sepsis caused by other microorganisms
La renuncia a la lactancia. Del relato autoetnográfico al relato de ficción
No full textEn el presente trabajo autoetnográfico propongo la renuncia a la lactancia como símbolo de las incompatibilidades que no he sabido superar en mis diversos roles como mujer: madre, alumna, arquitecta técnica, investigadora y docente en educación artística. Posteriormente, el relato de ficción, como método que explora los caminos que ofrece la A/R/Tography, me permite proyectar otro entorno universitario conciliador de la vida estudiantil y familiar. A través del contraste entre realidad y ficción, se visibiliza la necesidad de generar: entornos family friendly; adaptaciones administrativas, curriculares, metodológicas o relativas a los sistemas de evaluación; fomento de actitudes positivas y activas por parte de estudiantes, profesorado y personal administrativo o de servicios
Causal discovery reveals complex patterns of drought-induced displacement
No full textThe increasing frequency and severity of droughts present a significant risk to vulnerable regions of the globe, potentially leading to substantial human displacement in extreme situations. Drought-induced displacement is a complex and multifaceted issue that can perpetuate cycles of poverty, exacerbate food and water scarcity, and reinforce socio-economic inequalities. However, our understanding of human mobility in drought scenarios is currently limited, inhibiting accurate predictions and effective policy re- sponses. Drought-induced displacement is driven by numerous factors and identifying its key drivers, causal-effect lags, and consequential effects is often challenging, typically relying on mechanistic models and qualitative assumptions. This paper presents a novel, data-driven methodology, grounded in causal discovery, to retrieve the drivers of drought-induced displacement within Somalia from 2016 to 2023. Our model exposes the intertwined vulnerabilities and the leading times that connect drought impacts, wa- ter and food security systems along with episodes of violent conflict, emphasizing that causal mechanisms change across districts. These findings pave the way for the development of algorithms with the ability to learn from human mobility data, enhancing anticipatory action, policy formulation, and humanitarian aid
Mechanistic Insights into the Potentiodynamic Electrosynthesis of PEDOT Thin Films at a Polarisable Liquid|Liquid Interface
No full textConducting polymer (CP) thin films find widespread use, for example in bioelectronic, energy harvesting and storage, and drug delivery technology. Electrosynthesis at a polarizable liquid|liquid interface using an aqueous oxidant and organic soluble monomer provides a route to free-standing and scalable CP thin films, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), in a single step at ambient conditions. Here, using the potentiodynamic technique of cyclic voltammetry, interfacial electrosynthesis involving ion exchange, electron transfer, and proton adsorption charge transfer processes is shown to be mechanistically distinct from CP electropolymerization at a solid electrode|electrolyte interface. During interfacial electrosynthesis, the applied interfacial Galvani potential difference controls the interfacial concentration of the oxidant, but not the CP redox state. Nevertheless, typical CP electropolymerization electrochemical behaviors, such as steady charge accumulation with each successive cycle and the appearance of a nucleation loop, were observed. By combining (spectro)electrochemical measurements and theoretical models, this work identifies the underlying mechanistic origin of each feature on the cyclic voltammograms (CVs) due to charge accumulated from Faradaic and capacitive processes as the PEDOT thin film grows. To prevent overoxidation during interfacial electrosynthesis with a powerful cerium aqueous oxidant, scan rates in excess 25 mV·s-1 were optimal. The experimental methodology and theoretical models outlined in this article provide a broadly generic framework to understand evolving CVs during interfacial electrosynthesis using any suitable oxidant/monomer combination
How much emotional attention is appropriate? The influence of emotional intelligence and subjective well-being on adolescents' stress
No full textEmotional intelligence and subjective well-being may contribute to preventing perceived and physiological stress in adolescents. To provide an overall picture of the relations of emotional intelligence and well-being, both the traditional monotonic effects and the non-monotonic effects of emotional attention on well-being were explored in relation to stress prediction. The purpose was to develop an accurate understanding of the different emotional conditions and states of well-being that may be associated with adolescents' stress. The participants included 132 adolescents (mean = 12.73 years, standard deviation = 0.72, 51.5% girls) who completed the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences, and the Perceived Stress Scale-4. Hair samples were collected to assess physiological stress. Emotional intelligence and well-being explained between 36% and 39% of the variance in perceived and physiological stress. Emotional attention seems to operate in the same way regardless of its conceptualisation as monotonic or non-monotonic. In general, decreased attention and increased clarity and well-being should be the aim of adolescent interventions to achieve better healt
¿Responsabilidad criminal de los grupos parlamentarios?
No full textLos grupos parlamentarios no han recibido, ni en el ámbito penal ni en el constitucional, la misma atención de la que sí han gozado los partidos políticos cuando, paradójicamente, aquellos más que éstos últimos son los encargados de materializar ese derecho de participación política que los ciudadanos han visto consagrado en el art. 23.1 de la Constitución Española. Así, hemos pretendido dar respuesta, en el presente trabajo, a la pregunta de si puede alcanzar la intervención del ius puniendi también a los grupos parlamentarios (como sucede desde 2013 con los partidos políticos) dada su especial configuración institucional; y, en tal caso, bajo qué presupuestos podría declararse dicha responsabilidad, qué penas podrían imponerse a éstos, qué delitos se les podrían imputar y en qué momento se extinguiría tal responsabilidad
Pre-Service science teachers' beliefs about creativity at school:a study in the hispanic context.
No full textThe present study examines the beliefs of pre-service science teachers on creativity in science teaching and learning and identifies factors in the school environment that, in their view, can influence students' creativity. A total of 152 Colombian prospective science teachers participated in this study. A questionnaire, with an open and a closed part, was administered to participants. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the qualitative and quantitative data collected was carried out. The results revealed that (a) the concept of creativity held by the participants was incomplete and significantly diverged from expert definitions; (b) they viewed creativity as a universal potential that can be nurtured within the school system; (c) the ability to identify problems and ask challenging questions was rarely selected as a creative personality trait; (d) they demonstrated unclear ideas about the relationship between creativity and intelligence and the role of prior knowledge in students' creativity; and (e) the subject or curricular domain was seen as an important factor influencing students' creativity. From all this, it could be concluded that Colombian future science teachers exhibited flawed concepts of creativity based on poorly articulated beliefs, which is consistent with findings in other international studies
A new mixed reality tool for training in minimally invasive robotic-assisted surgery
No full textRobotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is developing an increasing role in surgical practice. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to introduce this paradigm into surgical training programs. However, the steep learning curve of RAS remains a problem that hinders the development and widespread use of this surgical paradigm. For this reason, it is important to be able to train surgeons in the use of RAS procedures. RAS involves distinctive features that makes its learning different to other minimally invasive surgical procedures. One of these features is that the surgeons operate using a stereoscopic console. Therefore, it is necessary to perform RAS training stereoscopically. This article presents a mixed-reality (MR) tool for the stereoscopic visualization, annotation and collaborative display of RAS surgical procedures. The tool is an MR application because it can display real stereoscopic content and augment it with virtual elements (annotations) properly registered in 3D and tracked over time. This new tool allows the registration of surgical procedures, teachers (experts) and students (trainees), so that the teacher can share a set of videos with their students, annotate them with virtual information and use a shared virtual pointer with the students. The students can visualize the videos within a web environment using their personal mobile phones or a desktop stereo system. The use of the tool has been assessed by a group of 15 surgeons during a robotic-surgery master's course. The results show that surgeons consider that this tool can be very useful in RAS training
Molecular characterization of protease producing Idiomarina species isolated from Peruvian saline environments
No full textAll Idiomarina species are isolated from saline environments; microorganisms in such extreme habitats develop metabolic adaptations and can produce compounds such as proteases with an industrial potential. ARDRA and 16S rRNA gene sequencing are established methods for performing phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic identification. However, 16S-23S ITS is more variable than the 16S rRNA gene within a genus, and is therefore, used as a marker to achieve a more precise identification. In this study, ten protease producing Idiomarina strains isolated from the Peruvian salterns were characterized using biochemical and molecular methods to determine their bacterial diversity and industrial potential. In addition, comparison between the length and nucleotide sequences of a 16S-23S ITS region allowed us to assess the inter and intraspecies variability. Based on the 16S rRNA gene, two species of Idiomarina were identified (I. zobellii and I. fontislapidosi). However, biochemical tests revealed that there were differences between the strains of the same species. Moreover, it was found that the ITS contains two tRNA genes, tRNAIle (GAT) and tRNAAla (TGC), which are separated by an ISR of a variable size between strains of I. zobellii. In one strain of I. zobellii (PM21), we found nonconserved nucleotides that were previously not reported in the tRNAAla gene sequences of Idiomarina spp. Thus, based on the biochemical and molecular characteristics, we can conclude that protease producing Idiomarina strains have industrial potential; only two I. zobellii strains (PM48 and PM72) exhibited the same properties. The differences between the other strains could be explained by the presence of subspecies