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Deep sea mining vs. underwater cultural heritage
No full textThis chapter seeks to provide an overview of the legal framework surrounding the protection of UCH as a part of the Marine Environment within the context of Law of the Sea, focusing particularly on the rules regarding deep sea mining. The text seeks to analyse how such an activity may be considered compatible, or not with the protection of the marine environment and in particular how underwater cultural heritage may be addressed within such a context
Comparative studies of different signal acquisition systems in microfluidic paper-based analytical devices developed for accurate point-of-care analysis
No full textThe exponential growth of small, on-hand devices/sensors has been aligned with the increasing use of smartphones as detectors. However, smartphone detection may result in high variability of signal acquisition, due to differences in lighting conditions, consequently compromising accurate and reliable quantification. The use of smartphones for qualitative assessment (“yes/no” response) has been widely employed; however, their use in quantitative assessment has been less reported. For point of care (POC) analysis, the use of smartphones as detectors can be an exceptional advantage; however, it is crucial to ensure that the accuracy of the analysis is not compromised. A critical and structured evaluation of image acquisition systems was performed to evaluate the impact on POC biomarkers quantification with microfluidic paper-based devices (?PADs). Different image acquisition systems were tested for a ?PAD to properly evaluate the impact of lighting conditions when using a smartphone in a specially designed box. The decrease in intensity counts was about 30% from the scanner to the smartphone, but it did not affect the calculated absorbance. We proved that smartphones can be used as reliable detection systems, providing accurate and precise quantification when appropriate attention is given to exterior lighting conditions. When quantifying iodide and nitrite in a sample, a relative error of 5% was observed for both image-acquiring systems, a scanner and a smartphone
Beyond growth: reshaping fisheries for a wellbeing economy
No full textContemporary fisheries have been shaped by a paradigm of perpetual growth, characterized by increasing global production and consumption. While this growth has driven economic benefits and technological progress, it has jeopardized the sustainability of marine ecosystems, with implications for the long-term livelihoods and wellbeing of fishers, consumers and resource dependent coastal populations worldwide. This paper advocates for a shift beyond growth towards a wellbeing economy. It considers how five fundamental principles intrinsic to a wellbeing economy - purpose, nature, fairness, participation and dignity - can help reorient the fisheries sector. The paper then provides ten actionable recommendations for reshaping the composition and structure of economic activity in fisheries to enhance societal wellbeing and equity within ecological boundaries. In a world grappling with the consequences of unchecked economic growth, this paper offers insights into fostering a regenerative fisheries system that safeguards human prosperity and environmental integrity
Unlocking the elegance : strategic rebranding and repositioning of niche heritage brands in the luxury market : a case study of Musgo Real
No full textHeritage brand's success and endurance in the luxury market are determined by their ability to achieve a balance between tradition and modernity. Previous research has revealed the challenges that small heritage brands suffer while migrating from premium to a luxury status, including adjusting their brand identity while maintaining their legacy. Research has highlighted the importance of brand heritage in increasing consumer trust and loyalty in the luxury industry. The primary purpose of this study is to attain an improved understanding of the strategic processes involved in rebranding and repositioning a niche heritage brand within the luxury market, in particular Musgo Real, a historic Portuguese grooming brand. The main objectives are to understand the motivations behind this strategic decision and explore the steps involved to successfully reposition Musgo Real from a premium to a luxury brand, while respecting its heritage. Adopting a case study methodology, we conducted in-depth analysis of six semi-structured interviews to Claus Porto´s employees. Findings reveal that Musgo Real's repositioning success is related to its ability to take advantage of the brand's rich heritage while enhancing its products, visual identity, and distribution strategy. The brand journey highlights the necessity of implementing selective distribution, product innovation, and storytelling to strengthen the luxury brand identity. However, challenges such as consumer price sensitivity and the integration of modern elements in a traditional brand are highlighted as critical considerations in the repositioning process. The results of this research are of significant importance for heritage brand managers and contribute to the broader discussion of luxury branding strategy. Brands can accomplish long-term success and increased customer loyalty by embracing heritage as an essential component of brand equity and carefully managing the transition to luxury.O sucesso e a resistência de uma marca histórica no mercado de luxo são determinados pela sua capacidade de alcançar um equilíbrio entre tradição e modernidade. Pesquisas anteriores revelaram os desafios que as marcas históricas de pequena dimensão enfrentam ao migrar de marca premium para marca de luxo, incluindo o ajuste da identidade da sua marca enquanto mantém o seu legado. A investigação destacou a importância da herança da marca no aumento da confiança e lealdade do consumidor no mercado de luxo. O propósito deste estudo é obter uma melhor compreensão dos processos estratégicos envolvidos no rebranding e reposicionamento de uma marca histórica de nicho no mercado de luxo, em particular a Musgo Real, uma marca histórica portuguesa de cuidados pessoais para homem. Os objectivos principais são compreender as motivações por detrás desta decisão estratégica e explorar os passos envolvidos para reposicionar com sucesso a Musgo Real de uma marca premium para uma marca de luxo, respeitando ao mesmo tempo a sua herança. Adotando uma metodologia de estudo de caso, realizamos a análise aprofundada de seis entrevistas semiestruturadas a colaboradores da Claus Porto. As conclusões revelam que o sucesso do reposicionamento da Musgo Real está relacionado com a sua capacidade de tirar partido da rica herança da marca, ao mesmo tempo que melhora os seus produtos, identidade visual e estratégia de distribuição. Nos resultados é destacada a necessidade de implementar distribuição seletiva, inovação de produtos e a capacidade para criar narrativas para fortalecer a identidade da marca de luxo. No entanto, desafios como a sensibilidade ao preço do consumidor e a integração de elementos modernos numa marca tradicional são destacados como considerações críticas no processo de reposicionamento. Os resultados desta investigação são de importância significativa para os gestores de marcas históricas e contribuem para uma discussão mais ampla sobre a estratégia de marcas de luxo. As marcas podem alcançar o sucesso a longo prazo e aumentar a fidelidade dos clientes, abraçando o património como um componente essencial do valor da marca e gerindo cuidadosamente a transição para o luxo
Welfare properties of profit maximizing recommender systems: theory and results from a randomized experiment
No full textRecommender systems have been introduced to help consumers navigate large sets of alternatives. They usually lead to more sales, which may increase consumer surplus and firm profit. In this paper, we ask whether the firms’ choice of recommender system might hurt consumers. We use data from a large-scale field experiment in video-on-demand to measure the price elasticity of demand for movies placed in salient and non-salient slots on the TV screen. During this experiment, the firm randomized the prices and slots in which movies were recommended to consumers. This setting readily allows for identifying the effects of price and slot on demand, and thus computes consumer surplus. We find that consumers are less price-elastic toward movies placed in salient slots. Using the outcomes of this experiment, we simulate how consumer surplus and welfare change when the firm implements several types of recommender systems, namely one that maximizes profit. We show that this system hurts consumer surplus and welfare relative to a system that maximizes welfare. We also show that, in our setting, the system that maximizes profit does not generate less consumer surplus than several recommender systems frequently used in practice. Yet, the amount of extra rent the firm can extract from strategically placing movies in salient slots is still a function of the popularity and quality of movies used to do so. Ultimately, our results question whether recommender systems embed mechanisms that extract excessive surplus from consumers, which may call for better scrutiny.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O papel dos recursos humanos na conciliação entre a vida de trabalho e a vida pessoal e familiar : uma meta-análise qualitativa
No full textAo longo das últimas décadas, o contexto profissional tem-se tornado cada vez mais competitivo e rigoroso, o que torna a conciliação entre o trabalho e a vida pessoal uma tarefa cada vez mais difícil. Embora o tema seja amplamente debatido, continua a ser necessário refletir sobre o conflito e as possíveis soluções. Assim, o presente trabalho procura entender de que forma os recursos humanos podem contribuir para a conciliação entre a vida de trabalho e a vida pessoal e familiar. Para tal, optou-se por uma meta-análise qualitativa de uma amostra de 30 artigos selecionados de acordo com os critérios de exclusão e inclusão, publicados entre 2016 e 2024. Os resultados sugerem que o conflito entre a vida de trabalho e a vida pessoal e familiar tem consequências graves ao nível do bem-estar físico e mental dos colaboradores bem como nas suas relações familiares, por outro lado as organizações também são impactadas negativamente no que concerne a resultados, existindo assim uma relação de interdependência entre ambos. Os resultados demonstram ainda que o conflito entre a vida de trabalho e a vida pessoal e familiar pode ser mitigado através da implementação de políticas de gestão de recursos humanos que contribuam para a conciliação de ambos. Culturas organizacionais favoráveis à família com medidas ao nível da flexibilidade de horário, teletrabalho, licenças parentais e apoio a cuidadores informais, demonstram-se cruciais na conciliação entre trabalho e vida pessoal. Assim, os recursos humanos têm um papel fulcral na implementação de culturas organizacionais que promovam a conciliação entre a vida de trabalho e a vida pessoal e familiar.Over the past few decades, the professional context has become increasingly competitive and demanding, making the reconciliation of work and personal life an increasingly challenging task. Although this topic is widely debated, it remains essential to reflect on the conflict and potential solutions. Therefore, this study seeks to understand how human resources can contribute to the reconciliation of work and personal life. To do so, we opted for a qualitative meta-analysis of a sample of 30 articles selected based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, published between 2016 and 2024. The results suggest that the conflict between work and personal life has serious consequences for the physical and mental well-being of employees, as well as for their family relationships. On the other hand, organizations are also negatively impacted in terms of outcomes, indicating an interdependence between the two. The findings also demonstrate that the conflict between work and personal life can be mitigated through the implementation of human resource management policies that promote the reconciliation of both spheres. Family-friendly organizational cultures with measures such as flexible hours, remote work, parental leave, and support for informal caregivers are shown to be crucial in achieving work-life balance. Thus, human resources play a pivotal role in implementing organizational cultures that promote the reconciliation of work and personal life
Modelling an XRF method for determining gilding thickness in silver cultural heritage objects without sample collection: case studies on 16th century Portuguese silverware
No full textIn situ X-ray fluorescence is a non-invasive technique that is widely used in historical objects, namely in pieces of gilded silver, to determine the composition of the alloy and gilding. In the case of gilded silver, fire gilding was a mercury-based historical technique that is no longer practiced. Moreover, with traditional XRF analysis is possible to determine the thickness of the gilding by using given intensity ratios of the characteristic lines of silver. However, this requires the analysis of the substrate, for the calculation of the intensity ratio without gilding, which is not always accessible. This study presents and validates a methodology for the calculation of the thickness of fire gilding silver pieces using XRF analysis with a commercial spectrometer and without the need to analyse the isolated substrate. Six silver alloy mock-up samples were produced following historical techniques and generic intensity ratio for K? and K? lines of silver in the alloy was calculated (6.35 ± 0.05), to be used in any alloy with a silver composition over 75 %. Since attenuation of the silver's characteristic lines depends on the gilding composition, different Hg concentrations (5 %–20 %) were tested. The results obtained with this approach for the mock-ups was compared with SEM-EDS measurements for gauging uncertainty and the methodology was then applied to three pieces of 16th century Portuguese silverware. This adaptation of previously established principles, proved to be effective to calculate the thickness of fire gilding on silver and was validated to be applied, in situ, in real museum artworks without the need for sample collection
Impacto da inteligência artificial na auditoria para combater a fraude
No full textA fraude representa uma ameaça significativa para a integridade das informações financeiras, tornando-se fundamental explorar abordagens inovadoras para lidar com esse desafio. Nesse sentido, a IA (Inteligência Artificial) emerge como uma ferramenta promissora, oferecendo capacidades avançadas de análise de dados e identificação de padrões suspeitos. Esta Dissertação tem como motivação investigar o impacto da IA na deteção e prevenção de fraudes na auditoria. São analisadas vantagens e limitações de diversos subcampos da IA, que podem ser aplicados na área da auditoria. Para esta investigação foi adotada uma metodologia qualitativa, fundamentada em entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas a profissionais de auditoria, com a finalidade de compreender as suas perceções sobre a implementação de IA na auditoria para a deteção de irregularidades. Os entrevistados reconhecem o potencial da IA, destacando a sua eficiência na deteção de anomalias. No entanto, também identificam desafios, como a resistência à mudança e a necessidade de adaptação das normas de auditoria para o uso responsável da IA. Esta Dissertação procura preencher uma lacuna na literatura académica, uma vez que o tema em questão ainda é pouco explorado. Além disso, pretende motivar futuras investigações, uma vez que se espera que a IA tenha um impacto substancial na profissão de auditoria.Fraud represents a significant threat to the integrity of financial information, making it essential to explore innovative approaches to dealing with this challenge. In this regard, AI (Artificial Intelligence) is emerging as a promising tool, offering advanced data analysis capabilities and identifying suspicious patterns. The motivation behind this Dissertation is to investigate the impact of AI on auditing to detect and prevent fraud. The advantages and limitations of various subfields of AI that can be applied to auditing are analysed. A qualitative methodology was adopted for this research, based on semi-structured interviews with auditing professionals, with the aim of understanding their perceptions of the implementation of AI in auditing to detect irregularities. The interviewees recognize the potential of AI, highlighting its efficiency in detecting anomalies. However, they also identify challenges, such as resistance to change and the need to adapt auditing standards to the responsible use of AI. This Dissertation seeks to fill a gap in the academic literature, since the topic in question is still little explored. It also aims to motivate future research, since AI is expected to have a substantial impact on the auditing profession
De museus a marcas : o papel da comunicação museológica online
No full textDe armazém de coleções a guardião da cultura e da história, o Museu tornou-se um agente educacional e cultural para a sociedade. Com a transformação digital, as instituições culturais redefiniram as suas práticas comunicativas e as suas relações com a comunidade. Vivemos numa sociedade extremamente competitiva e em constante transformação, onde as organizações lutam pela atenção do público, oferecendo experiências incríveis, autênticas e personalizadas, fenómeno que sugere o tema que pretendemos explorar nesta dissertação. Esta dissertação investiga a transformação da museologia, salientando a sua adaptação à era digital, a partir da Nova Museologia e da cultura participativa, que promovem uma comunicação mais aberta e inclusiva através dos websites, das redes sociais e de outras ferramentas digitais, como a realidade virtual. Além disso, discute-se o impacto do marketing no mundo museológico, desde as suas estratégias de branding até ao uso do transmedia storytelling, que permite criar uma ligação emocional com os visitantes e consolidar a identidade de marca do museu. Com base num estudo de caso no Museu Alberto Sampaio, a investigação examina a eficácia das estratégias de comunicação online do museu e a forma como estas influenciam a perceção do público e a experiência dos visitantes.From a collection warehouse to a guardian of culture and history, the Museum has become an educational and cultural agent for society. With digital transformation, cultural institutions have redefined their communication practices and their relationships with the community. We live in an extremely competitive and constantly changing society, where organizations compete for public’s attention by offering incredible, authentic and personalized experiences, which is the focus of the theme we aspire to explore in this dissertation. This dissertation investigates the transformation of museology, highlighting its adaptation to the digital era, based on the new museology and participatory culture, which promote more open and inclusive communication through websites, social media, and other digital tools, such as virtual reality. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of marketing in the museum world, from branding strategies to the use of transmedia storytelling, which permits an emotional connection with visitors and strengthens the museum’s brand identity. Based on a case study of the Alberto Sampaio Museum, the research examines the effectiveness of museum online communication strategies and how these influence public perception and visitor experience
O processo deliberativo e sensibilidade moral em enfermeiros de cuidados de saúde primários (CSP) : revisão de literatura
No full textA ética e a sensibilidade moral formam conjuntos de valores que determinam o comportamento de cada indivíduo e do ambiente no qual se insere. A sensibilidade moral é quando se é capaz de reconhecer questionamentos morais em um acontecimento real. Na prestação de serviços de saúde, problemas éticos surgem quando um estudo de caso passa a levantar questões éticas sobre a tomada de decisão e a atuação do profissional. Os problemas éticos não possuem protocolos para as suas resoluções, porém, exigem a criação de caminhos capazes de resolver tais questões, no intuito de aprimorar e atingir o campo ideal da ética e da assistência. Para tal, o profissional faz o reconhecimento do problema ético e procura a melhor forma de solucionar o caso, o que pode ser realizado coletivamente ou individualmente, portanto a deliberação é o processo de ponderação das tomadas de decisões, com o objetivo de se obter um caminho de ação mais coerente. Atualmente, o conhecimento científico no âmbito da deliberação e da sensibilidade moral vem crescendo como um instrumento de eficácia, sendo reconhecido pela enfermagem por construir uma estrutura basilar para enfermeiro e por proporcionar competências para exercício de suas funções. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre o processo deliberativo e a sensibilidade moral dos enfermeiros dos CSP. Este trabalho de pesquisa é uma revisão sistematizada do tipo Scoping Review, durante a revisão os artigos foram separados em duas categorias: artigos de pesquisa originais e estudos teóricos, ambos em inglês, espanhol e português. Ao fim da revisão foram totalizados nove estudos, publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Em relação à análise resultaram cinco artigos originais e quatro estudos teóricos. Avaliou-se diferentes periódicos, ano de publicação, título do artigo, autoria, idioma, origem do artigo, financiamento, contexto, país, objetivo, método de pesquisa, amostra, tipos de profissionais, métodos de análise de dados, tipo de publicação, formação dos autores, conceito de deliberação, conceito de sensibilidade moral, quais as estratégias de deliberação utilizadas, contribuição da deliberação, contribuição da sensibilidade moral, facilitadores da implementação da deliberação e facilitadores da implementação da sensibilidade moral. Conclui-se que há o aumento da sensibilidade moral devido às experiências pessoais durante a realização de suas funções. Sendo assim, torna-se importante o desenvolvimento de programas de educação em ética para acadêmicos de enfermagem, para que desenvolvam melhor suas funções como futuros defensores dos utentes. Quanto ao processo deliberativo concluiu-se que é importante levar em consideração as regras e deveres que interferem nos problemas éticos, de forma racional, argumentativa e que busque resoluções equilibradas. Esse processo é utilizado como uma forma para aprendizado constante, devido à característica de intercâmbio de experiências.Ethics and Moral Sensitivity are sets of values that determine the behavior of each individual and of the environment where the individual is inserted. Moral Sensitivity is represented by one’s ability to recognize moral questions in actual events. Ethical problems arise in the provision of health services when a case study raises ethical issues regarding the decision making process and the performance of the professional. Ethical problems do not have protocols for their resolution; how-ever, they require “finding ways” to solve such problems in order to improve and achieve the ideal field of ethics and care. For this, the professional recognizes the ethical problem and looks for the best way to solve the matter, which can be done collectively or individually, so the deliberation is the process of weighting the decision-making, in order to obtain a more consistent course of action. In the scope of deliberation and moral sensitivity, scientific knowledge has been currently growing as a tool for effectiveness in a way that nursing has acknowledged it for creating a main structure for nurses and for providing skills necessary for the performance of their roles. There-fore, this work aims at reviewing the literature on the deliberative process and on the moral sensitivity of PHC nurses. This research work is a Scoping Review: during the review the articles have been divided into two categories: original research articles and theoretical studies, both in English, Spanish and Portuguese. At the end of the review there were a total of nine studies, published in the last five years. Regarding the analysis, it resulted in five original articles and four theoretical studies. Different journals, year of publication, article title, author, language, origin of the article, financing, context, country, aim, research method, sample, types of professionals, data analysis methods, authorship, definition of deliberation, definition of moral sensitivity, deliberation strategies used, deliberation contribution, moral sensitivity contribution, facilitators for establishing deliberation and facilitators for establishing moral sensitivity were analyzed. It was concluded that there is an increase in moral sensitivity due to personal experiences during the performance of one’s role. Therefore, it is important to develop ethics education programs for nursing students, in order for them to improve the performance of their roles as future advocates of the beneficiaries. Regarding the deliberative process, it was concluded that it is important to rationally and argumentatively take into account the rules and duties that interfere with ethical problems and to look for balanced resolutions. In addition to that, this process is a form of constant learning, due to its character of exchange of experiences