Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Quantifying annual spatial consistency in chick-rearing seabirds to inform important site identification
Get PDFAnimal tracking has afforded insights into patterns of space use in numerous species and thereby informed areabased conservation planning. A crucial consideration when estimating spatial distributions from tracking data is
whether the sample of tracked animals is representative of the wider population. However, it may also be
important to track animals in multiple years to capture changes in distribution in response to varying environmental conditions. Using GPS-tracking data from 23 seabird species, we assessed the importance of multi-year
sampling for identifying important sites for conservation during the chick-rearing period, when seabirds are most
spatially constrained. We found a high degree of spatial overlap among distributions from different years in most
species. Multi-year sampling often captured a significantly higher portion of reference distributions (based on all
data for a population) than sampling in a single year. However, we estimated that data from a single year would
on average miss only 5 % less of the full distribution of a population compared to equal-sized samples collected
across three years (min: − 0.3 %, max: 17.7 %, n = 23). Our results suggest a key consideration for identifying
important sites from tracking data is whether enough individuals were tracked to provide a representative estimate of the population distribution during the sampling period, rather than that tracking necessarily take place
in multiple years. By providing an unprecedented multi-species perspective on annual spatial consistency, this
work has relevance for the application of tracking data to informing the conservation of seabirds.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Validation of the open biological negative image set for a Portuguese population: Comparing japanese and portuguese samples and an exploration of low-order visual properties of the stimuli
No full textRecently, Shirai and Watanabe Royal Society Open Science, 9(1), 211128 (2022) developed OBNIS (Open Biological Negative Image Set), a comprehensive database containing images (primarily animals but also fruits, mushrooms, and vegetables) that visually elicit disgust, fear, or neither. OBNIS was initially validated for a Japanese population. In this article, we
validated the color version of OBNIS for a Portuguese population. In study 1, the methodology of the original article was
used. This allowed direct comparisons between the Portuguese and Japanese populations. Aside from a few emotional classifcation mismatches between disgust, fear, or neither-related images, we found that arousal and valence relate distinctively
in both populations. In contrast to the Japanese sample, the Portuguese reported increased arousal for more positive valenced
stimuli, suggesting that OBNIS images elicit positive emotions in the Portuguese population. These results showed important
cross-cultural diferences regarding OBNIS. In study 2, a methodological change was introduced: instead of the three classifcation options used originally (fear, disgust, or neither), six basic emotions were used (fear, disgust, sadness, surprise,
anger, happiness), and a “neither” option, to confrm whether some of the originally “neither-related” images are associated
with positive emotions (happiness). Additionally, the low-order visual properties of images (luminosity, contrast, chromatic
complexity, and spatial frequency distribution) were explored due to their important role in emotion-related research. A
fourth image group associated with happiness was found in the Portuguese sample. Moreover, image groups present diferences regarding the low-order visual characteristics, which are correlated with arousal and valence ratings, highlighting the
importance of controlling such characteristics in emotion-related research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Sex differences in social buffering and social contagion of alarm responses in zebrafish
Get PDFThe alarm substance in fsh is a pheromone released by injured individuals after a predator attack. When detected by other
fsh, it triggers fear/defensive responses, such as freezing and erratic movement behaviours. Such responses can also help
other fsh in the shoal to modulate their own behaviours: decreasing a fear response if conspecifcs have not detected the alarm
substance (social bufering) or triggering a fear response if conspecifcs detected the alarm substance (social contagion).
Response variation to these social phenomena is likely to depend on sex. Because males have higher-risk life-history strategies
than females, they may respond more to social bufering where they risk not responding to a real predator attack, while
females should respond more to social contagion because they only risk responding to a false alarm. Using zebrafsh, we
explored how the response of males and females to the presence/absence of the alarm substance is modifed by the alarmed/
unalarmed behaviour of an adjacent shoal of conspecifcs. We found that, in social bufering, males decreased freezing more
than females as expected, but in social contagion males also responded more than females by freezing at a higher intensity.
Males were, therefore, more sensitive to visual information, while females responded more to the alarm substance itself.
Because visual information updates faster than chemical information, males took more risks but potentially more benefts as
well, because a quicker adjustment of a fear response allows to save energy to other activities. These sex diferences provide
insight into the modifying efect of life-history strategies on the use of social information.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Corrigendum: Representations of depression and schizophrenia in the community: The role of illness and risk perceptions on help-seeking intentions
Get PDFObjective: Illness perceptions (IPs) are important in understanding human reactions to illnesses, including mental health disorders. They influence risk perceptions and several variables relevant to the adjustment to a disorder, treatment seeking, and health outcomes. This study sought to compare IP, risk perception, and help-seeking intention for depression and schizophrenia in a community sample and to assess the mediating role of risk perception in the relationship between IP and help-seeking intention.
Materials and methods: A total of 380 adults participated in this study and filled out self-report measures of IPs, risk perceptions, and help-seeking intention. The previous diagnosis of depression was used to control the comparisons between the two disorders. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the mediation relationship.
Results: Perceived consequences, expected timeline, lack of personal control, and symptom identity were higher for schizophrenia, while lack of treatment control and concern were higher for depression. An interaction occurred with a previous diagnosis of depression for several dimensions of IP. Concerning the SEM, a valid model was obtained for depression, explaining 15.5% of help-seeking intentions, but not for schizophrenia.
Conclusion: The results show that the general population represents depression and schizophrenia differently. These representations are influenced by having experienced depression, and that illness and risk perceptions contribute to explaining the intention to seek help. Considering these illness representations makes it possible to understand the general population’s emotional and cognitive reactions to mental health disorders.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Plano individual de trabalho, tempo de estudo autónomo e autonomia na aprendizagem em alunos de uma turma do 1.º CEB
Get PDFRelatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada apresentado no
ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1ºCiclo do
Ensino Básico,Esta investigação foi realizada num colégio privado, num grupo de 18 crianças que
se encontram no 4º ano de escolaridade. A professora titular bem como a instituição
regem-se pelo Modelo do Movimento da Escola Moderna, onde o desenvolvimento da
competência da autonomia está presente em toda a rotina do grupo, nomeadamente nos
Tempos de Estudo Autónomo, que são regulados pelo Plano Individual de Trabalho.
Assim, o principal objetivo deste estudo é compreender de que forma este instrumento de
pilotagem associado ao Tempo de Estudo Autónomo estão relacionados com a promoção
da autonomia na aprendizagem dos alunos, surgindo duas questões de investigação: Qual
o papel Plano Individual de Trabalho e do Tempo de Estudo Autónomo na promoção da
autonomia dos alunos no seu processo de aprendizagem? A metodologia utilizada foi de
natureza qualitativa, sendo que os instrumentos de investigação utilizados a observação
naturalista, a observação sistemática com duas grelhas de observação e a realização de
entrevistas. Os registos realizados no diário de bordo são também instrumentos que
apoiam a recolha de dados para o estudo. Os resultados revelam que o Tempo de Estudo
Autónomo associado ao Plano Individual de Trabalho desenvolvem a autonomia na
aprendizagem das crianças, existindo por isso vantagens na sua adoção nas práticas
pedagógicas.ABSTRACT: This research was conducted in a private school, in a group of 18 children in the 4th
grade. The teacher and the institution are governed by the Modern School Movement
Model, where the development of the autonomy competence is present throughout the
group's routine, particularly during Self-Study Time, which is regulated by the Individual
Work Plan. Thus, the main objective of this study is to understand how this steering
instrument associated with Self-Study Time are related to the promotion of students'
learning autonomy, thus raising two research questions: What is the role of Individual
Work Plan and Self-Study Time in promoting students' autonomy in their learning
process? The methodology used was qualitative, and the research instruments used were
naturalistic observation, systematic observation with two observation grids and
interviews. The records kept in the diary are also instruments that support data collection
for the study. The results show that the Self-Study Time associated with the Individual
Work Plan develop autonomy in children's learning, and therefore there are advantages
in its adoption in teaching practices
Validação da Compassion Fatigue Short Scale em bombeiros portugueses
No full textAbstract: This study aimed to adapt the Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale to Portugal and examine
the reliability and validity of the Portuguese version of the scale (Pt-CF-Short Scale) among Portuguese
firefighters. The factor structure of the Pt-CF-Short Scale was compared to the one-factor model fit
and a two-factor model and second-order factor model in a sample of 512 firefighters. Confirmatory
factor analysis procedures confirmed the good fit of a second-order factor model with two first-order
factors (secondary trauma and job burnout). The Pt-CF-Short Scale showed good internal consistency
evidence. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and
WHOQOOL-Bref were used as convergent measures to assess psychological distress, anxiety,
depression, and interpersonal sensitivity and quality of life, respectively. The measure presented a
strong correlation with psychological distress and weak and negative association with quality of life.
The Pt-CF-Short Scale contributes to understanding compassion fatigue and its correlates within the
context of emergency workers. Results indicate that this scale is a valid and reliable assessment tool
in evaluating compassion fatigue.Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo adaptar a Compassion Fatigue-Short Scale para Portugal e
examinar a fiabilidade e validade da versão portuguesa da escala (Pt-CFShort Scale) entre bombeiros
portugueses. A estrutura fatorial da CF-Short Scale foi comparada com o ajuste do modelo de um fator
e um modelo de dois fatores e um modelo de fator de segunda ordem em uma amostra de 512
bombeiros. Os procedimentos de análise fatorial confirmatória confirmaram o bom ajuste de um
modelo fatorial de segunda ordem com dois fatores de primeira ordem (trauma secundário e
esgotamento profissional). As evidências de consistência interna mostraram bons coeficientes e boa
validade convergente foi encontrada ao correlacionar essa escala com sofrimento psíquico, ansiedade,
depressão e sensibilidade interpessoal. No entanto, essa medida apresentou associação fraca e negativa
com as dimensões do WHOQOL-Bref. A validade discriminante foi confirmada. A escala Pt-CF-short
contribui para a compreensão da trajetória da fadiga por compaixão e seus correlatos no contexto dos
socorristas. Os resultados indicam que esta escala é uma ferramenta de avaliação válida e confiável na
avaliação da fadiga por compaixão.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
“I’m a teenager and i feel lonely”: Towards identifying the multiple facets and trajectories of loneliness
Get PDFLoneliness is currently defined as a negative, painful, and distressful feeling that someone experiences when their relations and their social world is perceived as deficient (Peplau & Perlman, 1982). These feelings are especially salient during adolescence due to the changes and challenges that occur during this developmental period. Given the complex nature of this construct, in the present thesis, our focus was on three relevant aspects: (1) analyze factorial structure and the psychometric characteristics of a multidimensional loneliness measure that considers the different facets of loneliness, (2) examine the possibility of the cooccurrence of the different facets of loneliness, and (3) investigate the stability and changes of loneliness during adolescent years considering three consecutive school years.
Adopting the perspective that loneliness is multifaceted, our first aim was to analyze the factorial structure of a loneliness measure, which is RPLQ (Relational Provision Loneliness Questionnaire; Hayden-Thomson, 1989). This measure considers two facets of loneliness (social and emotional) and, simultaneously, the two more important social contexts where these feelings could occur (family and peers). Moreover, it was our intent, establish measurement invariance across sex and age, and establishing discriminant validity. Our results showed substantial support for the construct validity and reliability of the RPLQ. Measurement invariance was established across sex and age, and it was also assumed discriminant validity, provided by the contrast with positive and negative social functioning dimensions in peer group.
Studies considering simultaneously the different facets of loneliness and different social relations in which loneliness occurs are lacking. So, in second place, our focus was on the different facets of loneliness in the context of family and peers, and the cooccurrence of them in everyone. Adopting a person-centered approach, our aim was to identify distinct groups of adolescents with similar patterns of social and emotional loneliness within peers and family, and to examine if distinct profiles of loneliness were differently associated with positive and negative features of social adjustment to peer group. Our results revealed two clusters with more adaptative profiles (less-lonely and family-related loneliness) in which adolescents were perceived by peers as having more prosocial behaviors. Two other clusters displayed a more maladaptive profile (more-lonely and peer-related loneliness) in which youths were more likely to be perceived as socially withdrawn, excluded and victimized by peers. Sex differences was found with girls from more-lonely profile showing higher social loneliness related to peers, and social and emotional loneliness related to family context.
Finally, longitudinal studies are scarce, and all of them assume that the development process of loneliness was a continuum. So, in third place, our focus was on the stability and changes on loneliness profiles across adolescence. Our aim was to analyze the transitions and transition patterns among the loneliness profiles across the three consecutive school years. Our purpose was to examine the stability and changes in membership profile and examine if there were lasting effects. The association between loneliness and some of its strongest correlates completed our third aim. Our results showed that the less-lonely profile was the more stable, and the More-lonely has the lowest stability. Peer- and Family- related loneliness profiles were moderately stable over time. Even adolescents that showed a tendency to transition to other profiles, they tend to change into a profile with lower loneliness, except for Family-related loneliness profile. Our results also suggest there was a lasting effect of adolescent’s loneliness with those who have a history of this feelings were more likely to be a lonely person later.solidão é normalmente definida como um sentimento negativo, doloroso e angustiante que é experimentado quando as relações sociais de alguém são percebidas como deficientes (Peplau & Perlman, 1982). É um sentimento especialmente saliente durante a adolescência devido às mudanças que ocorrem durante este período do desenvolvimento. A presente dissertação focou-se em três aspetos: (1) analisar a estrutura fatorial e as características psicométricas de uma medida de solidão multidimensional, (2) examinar a possibilidade de coocorrência das diferentes facetas da solidão, e (3) investigar a estabilidade e as mudanças da solidão durante a adolescência considerando três momentos consecutivos de avaliação.
Adotando uma perspetiva multifacetada da solidão, o nosso primeiro objetivo foi analisar a estrutura fatorial de uma medida de solidão, que é o RPLQ (Relational Provision Loneliness Questionnaire; Hayden-Thomson, 1989). Esta medida considera duas facetas da solidão (social e emocional) e, simultaneamente, dois contextos sociais importantes onde estes sentimentos podem ocorrer (família e pares). Além disso, foi nossa intenção estabelecer a invariância da medida entre sexo e idade, e estabelecer validade discriminante. Os nossos resultados mostraram a validade do construto e a fiabilidade do RPLQ. A invariância da medida foi estabelecida entre sexo e idade, e também foi assumida validade discriminante, fornecida pelo contraste com dimensões positivas e negativas do funcionamento social no grupo de pares.
O nosso segundo objetivo foi identificar grupos distintos de adolescentes com padrões semelhantes de solidão social e emocional nos pares e na família, e analisar se diferentes perfis de solidão estão associados a diferentes características de ajustamento social ao grupo de pares. Os nossos resultados revelaram dois clusters mais adaptativos (sem solidão e solidão no contexto da família) nos quais os adolescentes foram percebidos pelos pares como tendo comportamentos mais pró-sociais. Outros dois clusters exibiram perfis mais desadaptados (com solidão e solidão no contexto dos pares), nos quais os jovens eram percebidos como socialmente retraídos, excluídos e com maior possibilidade de serem vitimizados pelos pares. Diferenças entre os sexos foram encontradas com as meninas do perfil mais solitário, a apresentar maior solidão social na relação com os pares e maior solidão social e emocional no contexto familiar.
O nosso terceiro objetivo foi analisar a estabilidade e a mudança, através da transição entre os perfis de solidão, ao longo de três anos letivos consecutivos, verificando também se existem efeitos de precedência. A associação entre solidão e alguns de seus correlatos mais fortes completou o nosso terceiro objetivo. Os nossos resultados mostraram que o perfil menos solitário foi o mais estável, e o mais solitário apresentou menor estabilidade. Os perfis de solidão relacionados a pares e familiares foram moderadamente estáveis ao longo do tempo. No entanto, os adolescentes que mostraram tendência para mudar, tendem a transitar para um perfil com menor solidão, com a exceção do perfil de solidão na família. Os nossos resultados também sugerem que há um efeito de precedência, em que adolescente com um histórico de solidão têm maior probabilidade de se tornarem adultos solitários.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FC
Psychometric properties of the measure of achieved capabilities in homeless services
Get PDFBackground Purposeful participation in personally meaningful life tasks, enjoyment of positive reciprocal relationships, and opportunities to realize one’s potential are growth-related aspects of a meaningful life that should be
considered important dimensions of recovery from homelessness. The extent to which homeless services support
individuals to achieve the capabilities they need to become who they want to be and do what they want to do is,
in turn, an important indicator of their efectiveness. In this study, we developed a measure of achieved capabilities
(MACHS) for use in homeless services settings, and assessed its construct and concurrent validity.
Methods We analysed data collected from homeless services users at two time points in eight European countries to
assess the factor structure and psychometric properties of the new measure. Participants were adults engaged with
either Housing First (n=245) or treatment as usual (n=320).
Results Exploratory and confrmatory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure of the capabilities measure:
community integration, optimism, safety, and self-determination. We obtained evidence for construct validity through
observed correlations between achieved capabilities and recovery, working alliance and satisfaction with services.
Moreover, we obtained evidence of the measure’s concurrent validity from its positive association between HF and
personal recovery, which was fully mediated by achieved capabilities.
Conclusions Findings demonstrate that the MACHS is a valid and reliable measure that may be used to assess the
extent to which homeless services support their clients to develop capabilities needed for growth-related recovery.
Implications for practice and future research directions are discussed.Horizon2020 of the European Commissioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
International entrepreneurship: An approach for entrepreneurial skill development
Get PDFPurpose
The research aims to investigate the changing skills required for international entrepreneurship (IE) and the awareness of these skills among students and professionals in four European countries. The study intends to investigate students' and professionals' perceptions of entrepreneurial skills and the potential for educational programs to improve their awareness of these skills.
Design/methodology/approach
This quantitative cross-sectional analysis uses an online questionnaire to collect data from 75 university students and 75 entrepreneurs in four European countries. Several tests validate the data, and Cronbach's alpha succeeded in measuring internal consistency. The results showed differences in the perception of skills between students and entrepreneurs.
Findings
Entrepreneurs had developed all competencies except access to finance, while students had lower perceptions of their skills, except for collaboration. Students needed to improve significantly in access to finance, business planning, financial skills, knowledge of the labour market and digital marketing. Practitioners only required significant improvement in access to finance and digital marketing.
Practical implications
Education programs should fit the needs of different groups: a broader program for students and more specific courses on access to finance and digital marketing for practitioners.
Originality/value
The present research's original feature highlights the need to monitor and adapt to the constantly changing skills for IE and the importance of hard and soft skills. The paper provides insights into the subject's awareness and perceived standard, with reflections for policymakers and practitioners.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Competitive anxiety in athletes
Get PDFCompetitive anxiety is an important issue in sport psychology since it is capable of influencing athletes’ performance. This study aims to examine the role of emotion regulation and personality in explaining individual differences in competitive anxiety of athletes, considering their sex and sport modality. A total of 101 athletes (50.5% males), aged between 18 and 69 years (M = 26.22; SD = 0.99), were included in this cross-sectional study. They filled out self-report scales on emotion regulation, personality, and competitive anxiety. Multiple regressions were used to analyze the data. Results partially supported our hypotheses. While sex differences were found in competitive anxiety, with women experiencing higher cognitive and somatic anxiety and lower self-confidence in comparison to men, no differences were found according to sport modality. Additionally, cognitive reappraisal was significantly associated with self-confidence, whereas neuroticism and extroversion were significantly associated with competitive anxiety dimensionsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio