Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Spatial distribution of inter-nesting green turtles from the largest Eastern Atlantic rookery and overlap with a marine protected area
No full textUnderstanding the spatial distribution of wildlife is fundamental to establish effective conservation measures. Tracking has been key to assess movement patterns and connectivity
of sea turtles, yet some regions of great significance are largely understudied. We tracked 44
green turtles from the largest rookery in the Eastern Atlantic, on Poilão Island, Guinea-Bissau,
during 2018 through 2020, to assess their inter-nesting movements, connectivity with nearby
islands and fidelity to inter-nesting sites. Additionally, we investigated individual and environmental factors that may guide inter-nesting distribution and assessed the adequacy of a marine
protected area to support this population during the breeding period. Green turtles had an overall
home range of 124.45 km2
, mostly occupying a restricted area around Poilão Island, with 52% of
this home range falling within the no-take zone of the João Vieira-Poilão Marine National Park.
Turtles exhibited strong fidelity to inter-nesting sites, likely as a strategy to save energy. Only 2
turtles performed significant excursions out of the park, and connectivity between Poilão and
nearby islands within the park was limited. Larger turtles and turtles tagged later in the nesting
season tended to have smaller core areas and home ranges; thus, experienced breeders may be
moving less and potentially benefit from energy saving. This study highlights the importance of a
marine protected area for the conservation of one of the largest green turtle breeding populations
globally, and provides suggestions for further increasing its effectiveness.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia-FCT; ARNECinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
“I could not give him the funeral he deserved”: The role of alternative mourning rituals during the pandemic
Get PDFAmid the COVID-19 pandemic, measures were enforced that constrained people's ability to engage in conventional funeral
and mourning rituals, which in general serve as vital mechanisms for coping with the experience of loss. This study aimed
to investigate how these limitations afected early grief symptoms and the infuence of alternative mourning rituals (paying
tribute on social media, lighting candles in memory of the deceased, and using objects of the deceased) on moderating the
relationship between individuals' perception of these limitations (such as being unable to perform the present body ceremony
or fulfll the funeral wishes of the deceased) and the intensity of the grief symptoms. The study involved 227 participants,
aged between 18 and 77 years, who had experienced the loss of a loved one during the pandemic. Results demonstrated
that higher levels of perceived limitation in funeral ceremonies are associated with greater intensity of grief responses.
Paying tribute on social media and lighting candles in memory of the deceased person moderated the relationship between
the perception of limitation in fulflling the deceased’s wishes in relation to the funeral ceremonies and the intensity of the
grief responses. Using objects moderates the relationship between the perception of limitation in performing a present body
ceremony and the intensity of the grief responses. Results underline the relevance of psychological fexibility, in particular
concerning alternative morning rituals, that can be used as a way of bufering the impact of the perception of limitation in
funeral ceremonies on the intensity of grief responses. This study ofers a distinctive insight into bereavement during the
pandemic, highlighting the role of fexibility in morning rituals in mitigating the deleterious efect of ritual restrictions on
bereavement outcomes.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Attachment, emotion regulation, and burnout among university students: a mediational hypothesis
No full textThe prevalence of burnout among university students is increasing
with consequences for their academic performance. Attachment
theory, as a theory of affect regulation and interpersonal relationships,
may be an important framework that helps to explain why
some students experience academic burnout while others do
not. This study aims to examine the links between attachment
orientations and levels of academic burnout and to explore
the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies in this
relationship. This cross-sectional study included 205 students
from different Portuguese universities. Multiple mediation
models conducted in PROCESS showed that both attachment
anxiety and attachment avoidance were associated with higher
levels of personal and academic-related burnout. Additionally,
rumination and suppression mediated the association between
attachment anxiety and burnout while putting into perspective
and suppression mediated the association between attachment
avoidance and burnout. Results are discussed in the light
of attachment theory and clinical implications are provided to
prevent academic-related burnout.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Attentional suppression is in place before display onset
No full textRecent studies have shown that observers can learn to suppress a location that is most likely to contain a distractor. The
current study investigates whether the statistically learned suppression is already in place, before, or implemented exactly
at the moment participants expect the display to appear. Participants performed a visual search task in which a distractor
was presented more frequently at the high-probability location (HPL) in a search display. Occasionally, the search display
was replaced by a probe display in which participants needed to detect a probe ofset. The temporal relationship between
the probe display and the search display was manipulated by varying the stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) in the probe
task. In this way, the attentional distribution in space was probed before, exactly at, or after the moment when the search
display was expected to be presented. The results showed a statistically learned suppression at the HPL, as evidenced by
faster and more accurate search when a distractor was presented at this location. Crucially, irrespective of the SOA, probe
detection was always slower at the HPL than at the low-probability locations, indicating that the spatial suppression induced
by statistical learning is proactively implemented not just at the moment the display is expected, but prior to display onset.
We conclude that statistical learning afects the weights within the priority map relatively early in time, well before the
availability of the search displayinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Subjective wellbeing of preschool children
Get PDFObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric
properties of the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé (AUQEI) in
pre-school children and estimate the influence of demographic characteristics
on their subjective wellbeing.
Methods: Construct validity was estimated using confirmatory analysis and the
chi-square per degrees of freedom ratio (χ
2
/df), Comparative Fit Index (CFI),
Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA).
Reliability was assessed by the ordinal alpha (α) and omega (ω) coe cients and the
factorial invariance by the dierence in CFI (1CFI). Mean scores for each AUQEI
item and the general score were calculated.
Results: A total of 443 Preschool children enrolled in public education institutions
participated. The original 4-factor AUQEI model showed collinearity between
factors and a high correlation between two items. A single factor model was
tested, presenting adequate fit to the data (χ
2
/df = 4.47; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98;
RMSEA = 0.08; α = 0.98; ω = 0.93; UniCo > 0.95, EVC > 0.85, and MIREAL < 0.30)
and strict model invariance (1CFI < 0.01). The AUQEI model proved to be valid
in relation to the external variables. Most children (76.7%) had positive subjective
wellbeing. Higher scores were observed for items concerning recreation, holidays,
and birthdays, and lower scores for those referring to hospitalization, medication,
medical consultation, and being away from the family. The relationship between
the demographic characteristics of the child or his/her mother and subjective
wellbeing was not significant (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: The assessment of subjective wellbeing with the single-factor
AUQEI model provided valid, reliable, and invariant. Thus, being a relevant and
interesting instrument to assess wellbeing in young children.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Understanding happiness among university students: The role of general health, psychological well-being, and sociodemographic variables
Get PDFBackground: Happiness is an important dimension for university students since it can have a positive impact on students’ academic performance and social relationships. This research was conducted to investigate the role of sociodemographic variables in explaining individual differences in subjective happiness in a sample of university students and to test the mediating role of psychological well-being in the association between perceived general health and subjective happiness.
Methods: Participants were 504 university students (62% female; Mage = 20.97; SD = 2.42). The data was collected in person using self-report scales for measuring general health, psychological well-being, and subjective happiness.
Results: The results of the study indicated that students who study in the institution in which they want to study and students who were married or involved in a romantic relationship presented higher levels of subjective happiness. Additionally, the mediational proposed model showed that perceived general health was linked to subjective happiness through psychological well-being, specifically happiness and self-esteem.
Conclusions: Prioritizing happiness can help create a more positive and fulfilling university experience for students. This can be achieved by promoting student’s general health and psychological well-being.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Easy to process, hard to control: Transient and sustained processing fluency impairs cognitive control adjustments to conflict
Get PDFRecent research suggests that the cognitive monitoring system of control could be using negative affective cues intrinsic to changes in information processing to initiate top-down regulatory mechanisms. Here, we propose that positive feelings of ease-of-processing could be picked up by the monitoring system as a cue indicating that control is not necessary, leading to maladaptive control adjustments. We simultaneously target control adjustments driven by task context and on a trial-by-trial level, macro-, and micro-adjustments. This hypothesis was tested using a Stroop-like task comprised trials varying in congruence and perceptual fluency. A pseudo randomisation procedure within different proportion of congruence conditions was used to maximise discrepancy and fluency effects. Results suggest that in a mostly congruent context participants committed more fast errors when incongruent trials were easy-to-read. Moreover, within the mostly incongruent condition, we also found more errors on incongruent trials after experiencing the facilitation effect of repeated congruent trials. These results suggest that transient and sustained feelings of processing fluency can downregulate control mechanisms, leading to failed adaptive adjustments to conflictFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Como posso socorrer o meu amigo? Primeiros socorros : uma estratégia de literacia em saúde para crianças e escolas
Get PDFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Psychodrama in Portugal: An overwiew of its history, practice and challenges.
Get PDFt In this paper for the Zeitschrift für Psychodrama und Soziometrie (ZPS),
the beginnings of psychodrama in the Portuguese-speaking community are visited,
giving relevance to the history of the two psychodrama training organizations in
Portugal and their cooperation. References are made to publishing works about
psychodrama and sociodrama’s practice, theory, and research. The last sections of
the paper address the challenges brought by the pandemic situation to the traditional
settings of group psychotherapy and psychodrama and bring some reflections on the
future of our shared practice as psychodramatists.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O modelo ACP e a experiência do paciente como caminho para uma melhor literacia em saúde
Get PDFQuando se procede ao investimento na experiência do paciente, e por isso num cuidado centrado no paciente, os aspetos da literacia em saúde destacam-se em permanência. É por isso preocupação nesta “experiência”, que o paciente, o seu cuidador, família consigam aceder corretamente e facilmente ao sistema de saúde, compreendam as várias fases e conteúdos, e consigam usar esses recursos para, no final saírem satisfeitos, e com um entendimento que os leve a tomarem boas ou acertadas decisões em saúde.
Quando se avaliar a experiência do paciente, integrando dimensões como a confiança, a eficácia e segurança, é essencial associar o bom fluido e claro processo comunicativo que estabelece as pontes entre o paciente e o sistema, as organizações e os profissionais.
A importância da experiência do paciente no sistema significa também que, quando um paciente compreende, também tende a agir de forma ativa, se tal lhe for solicitado, como por exemplo seguir instruções específicas sobre a sua saúde.
Quando se constrói essa experiência do paciente, está-se a trabalhar também na criação de expectativas, memórias, histórias, mudança de comportamento. E porque, tudo é comunicação (Watzlawick et al., 1967), tudo comunica, sendo essencial que os recetores de informação em saúde descodifiquem perfeitamente os emissores, mas que estes emitam as mensagens assertivas, claras em positivas.
E nesse sentido foi construído o Modelo ACP, que é um modelo de comunicação em saúde usado e validado para uma melhor literacia em saúde do cidadão.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio