Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Why am I so successful? Self-presentation and deliberative attributions of success in entrepreneurship
Get PDFThis study explores the complexities of causes of success mentioned in entrepreneurs’ narratives
in a broadcasted context. Building on strategic self-presentation and attribution theories, we
employed inductive methods to map the configurations of public narratives explaining entrepreneurial success. The data analyzed were gathered from 173 reflective interviews featuring
entrepreneurs on the United States’ National Public Radio, using machine learning techniques for
semantic content analysis. The results show that entrepreneurs can adopt three strategic presentation narratives to explain success in entrepreneurship. Significantly different patterns
emerge in the three strategic narrative configurations. First, “lucky charming” narratives reflect
an ingratiation strategy, mentioning external and uncontrollable causes of success to increase the
entrepreneurs’ likability for the audience. Second, “work striving” narratives use self-promotion
strategies to push for recognition of accomplishments, efforts, and intellectual abilities. Third,
“social connecting” narratives simultaneously make use of ingratiation and exemplification
strategies, including capitalizing on the positive signals given by the social support attracted
during their entrepreneurial journey. These three discourse patterns have implications for
influencing reputation and driving business- and personal-related outcomes. The findings provide
a better understanding of deliberate appearances by entrepreneurs in broadcast contexts and tools
for nascent entrepreneurs to leverage their role models among those with acclaimed entrepreneurial success.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Recalled parental emotion socialisation and psychological distress: The role of emotional schemas
Get PDFRecalled parental emotion socialisation has been associated with psychological distress in adulthood. Since emotional schemas develop from interpersonal interaction and can result in pathological reactions, they can be an important mechanism. The present study analyses the mediator role of emotional schemas in the relationship between recalled parental emotion socialisation and psychological distress. A community sample of 246 Portuguese adults, between 18 and 73 years old (M = 34.3, SD = 13.32), completed the following self-report measures: Emotional (In)Validation Experiences Scale; Leahy Emotional Schema Scale; and Brief Symptom Inventory 18. Two mediation models were estimated, one for each parent. Emotional schemas mediated the relationship between recalled parental emotion socialisation and psychological distress. Negative evaluation of emotion was the strongest mediator in the relationship between emotional invalidation and psychological distress while difficulties in reappraisal was the strongest mediator in the relationship between emotional validation and psychological distress. Differences were observed between the mother’s and father’s models. Results highlight the importance of emotional schemas in understanding the role of parental emotion socialisation in psychological distress, which may have important implications for intervention and prevention.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
How followers' neuroticism buffers the role of the leader in their daily mental health via daily positive affect: A multilevel approach
No full textThis study expands on the existing research on employees’ work-related mental health by analyzing (1) the
relationship between within-person fluctuations in perceived leadership effectiveness and positive affect and
mental health and (2) between-person variations in neuroticism as a relevant boundary condition of this relationship. Multilevel data was collected from 224 working adults (2240 measurement occasions). The results
demonstrated that fluctuations in the perception of the leader’s effectiveness were positively related to daily
positive affect, and this relationship was moderated by the followers’ levels of neuroticism, in such a way that
higher levels of neuroticism buffered the positive effect of leadership effectiveness on positive affect. The findings
also evidenced a positive relationship between daily positive affect and daily mental health, as well as a significant indirect effect from perceived leadership effectiveness to daily fluctuations in mental health via daily
fluctuations in positive affect. An effective leader makes employees feel more positive affect during the day,
which is beneficial to their daily mental health; however, this relationship is may be impaired by the employees’
levels of neuroticism. Practical implications for theory and practice are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Inter-colony and inter-annual variation in discard use by albatross chicks revealed using isotopes and regurgitates
Get PDFEffective marine ecosystem monitoring is critical for sustainable management. Monitoring seabird diets can convey important information on ecosystem health and seabird–fishery interactions. The diet of breeding black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) has previously been assessed using stomach content analysis (SCA) or stable isotope analysis (SIA), but not both methods together. Combining dietary sampling approaches reduces biases associated with using single methods. This study combines SCA and SIA to study the diet of black-browed albatross chicks, with a specific focus on fishery discard consumption, at two Falkland Islands colonies (New Island 51°43′S, 61°18′W and Steeple Jason Island 51°01′S, 61°13′W) during two consecutive breeding seasons (2019 and 2020). SCA provided high taxonomic resolution of short-term diet and priors for stable isotope mixing models, with multiple measures of dietary items (e.g. numeric frequency N%, frequency of occurrence FO%). By contrast, SIA of down feathers provided a single and more integrated dietary signal from throughout chick development. Although the two methods disagreed on the dominant prey group (SCA—crustacean; SIA—pelagic fish), the complementary information suggested a chick diet dominated by natural prey (SCA: 74%–93% [FO], 44%–98% [N]; SIA: minimum 87%–95% contribution). Nonetheless, SCA revealed that a high proportion of breeding adults do take discards. We detected consistent colony-specific diets in relation to prey species, but not in relation to higher discard use. Overall, discard consumption was highest in 2020, the year characterised by the poorest foraging conditions. Our results have implications for fisheries management and future dietary studies assessing discard use.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCT; ARNET; NERCinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Effects of a soft baby carrier on fathers’ behavior and hormones: A randomized controlled trial
Get PDFIncreased father–infant physical contact may promote early paternal caregiving. This randomized controlled trial, preregistered on https://osf.io/qwe3a , tested the effects of a soft baby carrier intervention on fathers’ parenting behavior and hormonal levels. Eighty first-time fathers of 2- to 4-month-old infants were randomly assigned to a baby carrier intervention group (n = 41 fathers) or a control group receiving an infant seat (n = 39 fathers). Fathers were instructed to use the baby carrier or seat for 3 weeks. Fathers’ sensitive parenting behavior, involvement, salivary oxytocin and cortisol basal levels and reactivity to interacting with the infant were assessed at pre-test (on average 2 weeks before the intervention) and at post-test (on average 1 week after the intervention period ended). The results showed that the intervention did not enhance fathers’ sensitive parenting or involvement. Involvement operationalized as hours spent with the infant decreased over time for fathers in the carrier condition compared to fathers in the control condition. The baby carrier intervention had no effect on fathers’ basal oxytocin or cortisol levels, nor did it affect fathers’ oxytocin or cortisol reactivity to interacting with their infant. Our findings indicate that 3 weeks of using a baby carrier does not have immediate beneficial effects on fathers’ parenting behavior or hormonal functioning as assessed here. Future research may examine whether infant carrying has beneficial effects on the longer term or in different groups of fathers, and how fathers’ infant carrying affects their infants.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Corrigendum: Illness perceptions of COVID-19 in Europe: Predictors, impacts and temporal evolution
Get PDFA corrigendum on
Illness perceptions of COVID-19 in Europe: predictors, impacts and
temporal evolution
by Dias Neto, D., Nunes da Silva, A., Roberto, M. S., Lubenko, J., Constantinou, M., Nicolaou,
C., Lamnisos, D., Papacostas, S., Höfer, S., Presti, G., Squatrito, V., Vasiliou, V. S., McHugh, L.,
Monestès, J. L., Baban, A., Alvarez-Galvez, J., Paez-Blarrina, M., Montesinos, F., Valdivia-Salas,
S., Ori, D., Lappalainen, R., Kleszcz, B., Gloster, A., Karekla, M., and Kassianos, A. P. (2021). Front.
Psychol. 12:640955. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640955info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Does deliberate practice surpass didactic training in learning empathy skills? – A randomized controlled study
Get PDFA large body of research identifies therapist expressed empathy as one of the most
important predictors of psychotherapy outcome. Deliberate practice (DP) is an effective
method to improve skills in many fields. We asked if DP also can be used to enhance the
skill of expressing empathy. Objective: The aim was to compare the efficacy of DP to
didactical learning methods (DLM) in enhancing the skill of empathic expression in
students. Method: A repeated measures randomized controlled group design was used.
Novice students (N¼36) from psychologist-, medicine-, social work-, and nursing
programs received two training sessions of either DP (n¼21) or DLM (n¼15).
Participants’ skills in empathic expression were assessed with the Measure of Expressed
Empathy (MEE) on three occasions: before the first, between, and after the last training
session. Results: Participants in the DP-group showed improved empathic expression,
whereas participants in the DLM-group did not. Conclusions: These findings suggest that
DP is an effective training method for therapeutic skills such as empathic expression and
holds implications for the future development of educational practices to incorporate
active skill training methods.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
COVID-19, Wellness and life satisfaction in adolescence: Individual and contextual issues
Get PDFDuring and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, several works reflected on young people’s physical and psychological health. The Dual Factor Model, which we refer to as the quadripartite model, is useful for understanding children’s and adolescents’ psychological health and differentiating them regarding their attitude toward the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this investigation, students from the fifth to twelfth year of schooling enrolled in the DGEEC study “Psychological Health and Wellbeing in Portuguese schools” were considered. Four groups were created based on life satisfaction (low or high) and psychological distress (with or without symptoms). The study included 4444 students (M = 13.39 years ± 2.41), of whom 47.8% were male. Of the participants, 27.2% were in the second cycle of primary education, and 72.8% were in lower and upper secondary education. Differences in gender and education level (as a proxy for age) were observed. Additionally, when considering students’ perceptions of changes in their lives following the COVID-19 pandemic (stayed the same, became worse, became better), these three groups were compared concerning personal and contextual variables, revealing significant differences at both the individual and contextual levels. Finally, the study discusses the influence of education and health professionals and the need for friendly public policiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Preliminary studies of the tardigrada communities from a polymetallic nodule area of the deep South China Sea
Get PDFKnowledge about marine tardigrades from the South China Sea is very scarce, with
only four species from shallow waters recorded to date. The present study
investigated the structure and diversity of tardigrade communities from the deep
sea (1517-1725 m) at 8 stations in a polymetallic nodule area of the northern South
China Sea. A total of 151 arthrotardigrades were collected belonging to 11 genera
(Angursa, Batillipes, Coronarctus, Euclavarctus, Exoclavarctus, Halechiniscus,
Moebjergarctus, Raiarctus, Rhomboarctus, Tanarctus and Tholoarctus),
representing 17 species. Two Angursa species (Angursa sp. 4 and Angursa sp. 3)
were the most abundant (25.2% and 14.6%, respectively), followed by
Moebjergarctus sp. (13.9%). Specimens were mostly (90.7%) distributed in the
upper layer of the sandy-mud sediment (0-1 cm). The SIMPROF test showed that
the composition of tardigrade communities at all stations was not significantly
different. At different stations, the number of species, Shannon-Wiener diversity
index and Pielou’s evenness index ranged from 4 to 10, 1.94 to 2.87, and 0.75 to 1.00,
respectively. The average taxonomic distinctness (D+) ranged from 72.50 to 90.00,
and the variation in taxonomic distinctness (L+) ranged from 316.67 to 1181.25. This
study provides some basic information about the biodiversity of the marine
tardigrade community in the South China Sea.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Relational job characteristics and well-being of Brazilian K-12 teachers
Get PDFA teacher’s relationship with students can be a source of more than stress. The
attributes of relational jobs either promote positive (e.g., work engagement) or
inhibit negative (e.g., exhaustion) psychological states that constitute potential predictors of teachers’ general well-being (e.g., health perception). The present study
tests hypotheses regarding the relationships between the psychological efects of
relational job characteristics and teachers’ work-related and context-free well-being
indicators. Preschool, primary, and secondary Brazilian school teachers (n=2205)
responded to a cross-sectional survey. Data were analyzed by multiple mediator
structural equation modeling. The psychological efects of relational job characteristics predicted exhaustion, engagement, and health perception. Findings support indirect efects on health perception of exhaustion and engagement. Data were
interpreted according to the job demands-resources model, where the relational job
characteristics constitute essential resources that foster work engagement, diminish
burnout, and indirectly afect more generalized well-being states such as general
health. Possible explanations for the relationships are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio