Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Citizen science data reveal possible multi-decadal phenological changes in the arrival time of a migratory tropical seabird species at the breeding ground
No full text· Changes in climate and weather variability are having global impacts on the lives of organisms, particularly on upper
trophic-level predators such as pelagic seabirds. In the North Atlantic, migratory seabirds are expected to respond to climate
variability by adjusting their seasonal events, including the timing of migration and arrival at the breeding site. The timing
of these events may be infuenced by large-scale atmospheric phenomena such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and
the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) that gauge temporal and spatial variation in environmental conditions across
the North Atlantic. In the Bermuda Islands (32° 17′ 58″ N, 64° 47′ 25″ W), the White-tailed tropicbird (Phaethon lepturus
catsbyii) is one of the few breeding seabird species which returns every year between February and March after migration.
According to local belief their return announces the arrival of Spring, and this cultural importance means that the event is
noticed. Only recently, early tropicbird returns have been recorded and associated with unusual climate/weather conditions
experienced across the region. This raised the question of whether the species is showing some change in its phenology and
whether it might be afected by changing climatic conditions. To answer this question, we investigated tropicbird arrival dates
at Bermuda using current and historic observation data retrieved from the eBird citizen science platform. After accounting for
biases inherent to opportunistic data collection, we selected and used the frst annual observation as a proxy for bird arrival
time at the Bermuda breeding ground from 1953 to 2023. We found that tropicbird observation dates advanced substantially
over the past 70 years suggesting that arrival time has been likely shifting of ca. 20–25 days. However, frst observation
dates were not related to the variation in annual or winter NAO and AMO Indices, and further investigation is required to
understand the underlying causes of these progressively early arrivals. Overall, the study highlights that citizen-science data
can be used to unveil hidden phonological patterns when a standardized long-term data collection is missing.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Mating sounds in the two-spotted goby, Pomatoschistus flavescens: Effects of water temperature on acoustic features
No full textAcoustic signals in teleost fishes play a fundamental role in reproduction. As fish are ectothermic animals, temperature has the potential to change their signal production and detection, with further implications for mating interactions. In this study, we describe the mating sounds made by the two-spotted goby, Pomatoschistus flavescens, for the first time and further investigate the effect of temperature on the acoustic features. Courtship sounds of 15 two-spotted goby males were recorded at three different temperatures: 16C, 19C, and 21C. As seen for other marine gobies, two-spotted goby produced two courtship sounds: drums and thumps. Drums showed similar acoustic features to other Pomatoschistus species already studied. Calling rates for both kinds of sound were not affected by the increases in temperature. However, pulse rate increased from 16Cto19C and stabilised between 19C and 21C, suggesting that two-spotted gobies reached their physiological limits at 19C. Spectral features were also affected by temperature, presenting higher values at 19C. Whether or not the observed changes in acoustic features with temperature lead to changes in mating remains to be addressed. Studies like the present one are fundamental to better comprehend how reproduction will be affected by global warming in soniferous fishes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Intra and extra-familial child sexual abuse: The role of psychopathy
Get PDFThe present study analyses the relationship between psychopathic traits, the four facets of
psychopathy (i.e., interpersonal, affective, lifestyle, and antisocial), and the type of crime
committed (i.e., intrafamilial and extrafamilial child sexual abuse; and nonsexual crimes).
The Self-Report Psychopathy Scale – Short Form (SRP-SF) and the Marlowe-Crowne
Social Desirability Scale – Short Form were completed by 110 male individuals who sexually
offended minors (ISOMs) and 146 individuals convicted for nonsexual crimes. Four
binary logistic regression analyses were conducted, controlling for sociodemographic,
criminal, and individual variables. ISOMs are less likely to score high in the SRP-SF total
score and the interpersonal facet and more likely to score high in the affective facet than
individuals with nonsexual crimes. Besides, ISOMs are less likely to have a prior history of
alcohol and drug abuse and to have previous contact with the justice system but are more
likely to have a history of psychological problems. Therefore, only the prior alcohol and
drug abuse history emerged as predictors for ISOMs subtypes. According to our results,
psychopathic traits should not be considered in the assessment and intervention of ISOMs,
and the focus of the intervention should be on the affective dimension and the level of
psychopathologyFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Double stigma in portuguese lesbian, gay, and bisexual older adults: A study of health status
No full textThe double stigma—sexual stigma and ageism—can affect the health status
of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) older adults, but little is known about
this topic in Portugal and internationally. The aim of this study was to
assess the health status and the prevalence of chronic diseases of Portuguese
LGB older adults, as well as to assess the relationship between double
stigma and health status. A sample of 280 Portuguese LGB older adults
completed a chronic disease questionnaire, the Homosexuality-Related
Stigma Scale, the Ambivalent Ageism Scale, and the SF-12 Short Form
Health Survey. A structural equation model was performed using the double
stigma variables as independent variables and health status as outcome.
The mental health status of Portuguese LGB older adults was lower when
compared to people from studies from more than 10 countries. Higher
sexual self-stigma, sexual enacted stigma related to health care, and benevolent
ageism significantly explained the worse general health status. The
double stigma significantly affects the health status of these older adults
in a profile of internalization of sexual stigma and benevolent age discrimination,
and not necessarily by a hostile/aggressive profile. More research
is needed on the double stigma.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The effect of likelihood and impact information on public response to severe weather warnings
Get PDFMeteorological services are increasingly moving away from issuing weather warnings
based on the exceedance of meteorological thresholds (e.g., windspeed), toward
risk-based (or “impact-based”) approaches. The UK Met Office’s National Severe
Weather Warning Service has been a pioneer of this approach, issuing yellow, amber,
and red warnings based on an integrated evaluation of information about the likelihood
of occurrence and potential impact severity. However, although this approach
is inherently probabilistic, probabilistic information does not currently accompany
public weather warning communications. In this study, we explored whether providing
information about the likelihood and impact severity of forecast weather affected
subjective judgments of likelihood, severity, concern, trust in forecast, and intention
to take protective action. In a mixed-factorial online experiment, 550 UK residents
from 2 regions with different weather profiles were randomly assigned to 1 of 3
Warning Format conditions (Color-only, Text, Risk Matrix) and presented with 3 warnings:
high-probability/moderate-impact (amber HPMI); low-probability/high-impact
(amber); high-probability/high-impact (red). Amongst those presented with information
about probability and impact severity, red high-likelihood/high-impact warnings
elicited the strongest ratings on all dependent variables, followed by amber HPMI
warnings. Amber low-likelihood/high-impact warnings elicited the lowest perceived
likelihood, severity, concern, trust, and intention to take protective responses. Taken
together, this indicates that UK residents are sensitive to probabilistic information
for amber warnings, and that communicating that severe events are unlikely to occur
reduces perceived risk, trust in the warning, and behavioral intention, even though
potential impacts could be severe. We discuss the practical implications of this for
weather warning communication.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Preschool teachers’ cognitions, emotions, and tolerance toward children’s hypothetical social behaviors in the classroom
Get PDFAbstract: Teachers’ tolerance toward children’s social behaviors is, in part, guided by teachers’
cognitions and emotions. Few studies have examined the associations between teachers’ cognitions,
emotions, and tolerance toward children’s social behaviors. This study aimed to (1) describe the
cognitions, emotions, and tolerance of Portuguese preschool teachers toward children’s shy, physically
and relationally aggressive, rough-and-tumble play, exuberant, and unsociable behaviors at preschool,
depending on children’s sex; and (2) examine the direct and indirect associations (via teachers’
emotions) between teachers’ cognitions and tolerance toward children’s social behaviors, depending
on children’s sex. One hundred and seven preschool teachers completed the Child Behaviors
Vignettes. Preschool teachers displayed more negative views toward children’s physical and relational
aggression, reported positive perspectives toward children’s rough play and mixed attitudes toward
children’s exuberance, and differentiated shy from unsociable behaviors. Direct associations between
teachers’ cognitions and tolerance were found only for physical aggression. Teachers’ anticipation
of negative peer costs and academic performance appear to exert an indirect influence on teachers’
tolerance toward physical aggression and unsociability, via increased levels of worry. These findings
highlight the role of teachers’ emotions for tolerance toward children’s social behaviors and the need
to enhance their self-awareness.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Sensitive responsiveness in expectant and new fathers
Get PDFFathers have an increasingly important role in the family and
contribute through their sensitive responsiveness to positive
child development. Research on parenting more often included
fathers as caregivers in the past two decades. We present a
neurobiological model of sensitive responsive parenting with a
role for fathers’ hormonal levels and neural connectivity and
processing of infant signals. We tested this model in a research
program (“Father Trials”) with correlational and randomized
experimental studies, and we review the results of these
studies. So far, interaction-focused behavioral interventions
seem most promising in supporting fathers’ sensitive responsiveness, even though the mechanisms are still uncharted.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Occupational stress and turnover intentions in employees of the Portuguese tax and customs authority: Mediating effect of burnout and moderating effect of motivation
Get PDFAbstract: The main objective of this study was to study the effect of occupational stress on turnover
intentions, as well as determine whether this relationship is mediated by burnout levels and moderated
by motivation. The sample size of this study consisted of 603 participants, all employees of
the Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority, which is part of the Ministry of Finance and belongs
to the Direct State Administration. The results indicate that occupational stress (with managers,
career and pay, and overwork) has a positive and significant effect on turnover intentions and that
this relationship is mediated by burnout. Motivation (intrinsic and identified) has a negative and
significant effect on turnover intentions. Intrinsic motivation moderates the relationship between
occupational stress (with managers, colleagues, career and pay, and family problems) and turnover
intentions. These results indicate that among the dimensions of occupational stress, the most critical
are the stress caused by managers, work overload, and career and pay. These are factors that the
Direct State Administration should be concerned with to reduce employees’ stress levels, as well as
their turnover intentions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Daily work engagement is a process through which daily micro-events at work influence life satisfaction
Get PDFPurpose – Drawing upon the conservation of resources theory, the authors expected that daily micro-events,
daily hassles and uplifts at work influenced well-being via work engagement at the daily level.
Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted two diary studies. In study 1, 181 workers
answered a daily questionnaire for four working days (N 5 181 3 4 5 724). In study 2, 51 workers filled in a
questionnaire for ten consecutive working days (N 5 51 3 10 5 510).
Findings – In study 1, the results demonstrated that work engagement fully mediated the effects of daily uplifts
on well-being and partially mediated the effects of daily hassles on well-being. The results of study 2 revealed a
full mediation for both kinds of daily micro-events. Hence, daily uplifts stimulated work engagement, which,
in turn, enhanced well-being, and daily hassles minimized work engagement and, consequently, well-being.
Originality/value – The relationships explored provide new theoretical elements for models that explain
well-being.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Psychedelic treatments for mental health conditions pose challenges for informed consent
No full textFundação Para a Ciência e Tecnologia; FEDERinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio