Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
Repositório do ISPANot a member yet
10030 research outputs found
Sort by
COVID-19, wellness and life satisfaction in adolescence: Individual and contextual issues
Get PDFDuring and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, several works reflected on young people’s physical and psychological health. The Dual Factor Model, which we refer to as the quadripartite model, is useful for understanding children’s and adolescents’ psychological health and differentiating them regarding their attitude toward the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this investigation, students from the fifth to twelfth year of schooling enrolled in the DGEEC study “Psychological Health and Wellbeing in Portuguese schools” were considered. Four groups were created based on life satisfaction (low or high) and psychological distress (with or without symptoms). The study included 4444 students (M = 13.39 years ± 2.41), of whom 47.8% were male. Of the participants, 27.2% were in the second cycle of primary education, and 72.8% were in lower and upper secondary education. Differences in gender and education level (as a proxy for age) were observed. Additionally, when considering students’ perceptions of changes in their lives following the COVID-19 pandemic (stayed the same, became worse, became better), these three groups were compared concerning personal and contextual variables, revealing significant differences at both the individual and contextual levels. Finally, the study discusses the influence of education and health professionals and the need for friendly public policies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Complementary feeding methods: Associations with feeding and emotional responsiveness
Get PDFLearning to eat complementary foods is a crucial milestone for infants, having implications across development. The most used method for introducing complementary foods is Traditional Spoon-Feeding (TSF). However, the alternative method Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) is increasingly becoming used as it has been associated with positive outcomes. Research analyzing associations between complementary feeding methods and responsive parenting is practically non-existent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze differences in emotional and feeding responsiveness between caregivers who previously implemented traditional vs. non-traditional feeding approaches. Caregivers (mostly mothers) of 179 children between 3 and 5 years were asked about the complementary feeding method that they had followed previously (70.4% reported using the TSF, 16.8% said they used the BLW and 12.8% used both methods simultaneously). In addition, they reported on their feeding practices using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire and on their responses to children’s distress using the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale. The results showed that parents who reported using a non-traditional (BLW or both) complementary feeding method reported less pressure to eat and minimization of reactions to children’s negative emotions, compared to parents who used a traditional method (although these reported using more problem-focused reactions). The findings suggest that complementary feeding methods and responsive parenting may be linked, leaving the question of which one sets the stage for the other.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O papel mediador da Síndrome de Burnout entre o Foco regulatório/motivação e a intenção de abandono profissional em professores
No full textAbstract: Teachers are exposed to various occupational stressors which, if persistent, can lead to
Burnout Syndrome and to recurrent thoughts of leaving the profession and culminate in total
withdrawal. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the mediating role of Burnout
Syndrome between the two dimensions motivational system that is constituted by the regulatory system
with a focus on prevention and promotion and the Intention to Leave the profession among teachers
in Southern Brazil. A total of 781 elementary school teachers from public and private schools
participated in the research. The research instruments used included the Burnout Syndrome
Questionnaire, the Regulatory Focus Scale, and a single item to evaluate the Intention to Leave the
profession. The results obtained by Structural Equation Modeling confirmed the hypothesis that
Burnout Syndrome plays a mediating role between promotion regulatory focus and the Intention to
Leave the profession. The results reveal the importance of interventions that contemplate the reduction
of occupational stressors for the prevention or rehabilitation of Burnout Syndrome in teachers.Resumo: Os professores estão expostos a diversos estressores ocupacionais que, se persistentes, podem
levar à Síndrome de Burnout e a pensamentos recorrentes de deixar a profissão e culminar no abandono
total. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o papel mediador da Síndrome de Burnout entre
as duas dimensões do sistema motivacional que é constituído pelo sistema regulatório com foco na
prevenção e promoção e a intenção de abandono profissional em professores. Participaram da pesquisa
781 professores de ensino fundamental de escolas públicas e privadas. Foram utilizados como
instrumentos de pesquisa o questionário para avaliação da Síndrome de Burnout, a escala de Focus
Regulatório e um item único para avaliar a Intenção de abandono profissional. Os resultados obtidos
por meio da Modelagem de Equações Estruturais confirmaram a hipótese de que a Síndrome de
Burnout desempenha um papel mediador entre a dimensão do Foco regulatório promoção e a intenção
de abandono profissional. Os resultados revelam a importância de intervenções que contemplem a
redução de estressores ocupacionais para a prevenção ou reabilitação da Síndrome de Burnout em
professores.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa para professores do Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits para Crianças Pré-Escolares
No full textAbstract: Several authors suggest that Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits may be useful in identifying
adolescents who exhibit initial, severe, chronic, and aggressive conduct problems. The Inventory of
Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) was developed to assess these traits, later associated with
psychopathy, in children and adolescents. This study aims to analyze the psychometric properties of
the Portuguese version of the teacher-report ICU for preschool-age children. The sample was collected
in public schools and comprised the responses of 46 preschool teachers concerning 131 children (62
girls) between 3 and 6 years of age. Results indicate that a two-factor model revealed the best fit to
our data, including a Callous and an Uncaring factor, resorting to 12 of the original 24 items.
Additionally, the results of this study also provide evidence of measurement invariance across sex for
the ICU, allowing us to compare mean levels of CU traits between boys and girls. The results of the
present study showed that the Portuguese version of the ICU scale (teacher’s version) seems reliable
and valid for evaluating CU traits in preschool children.Resumo: Vários autores sugerem que os traços de frieza emocional podem ser úteis na identificação
de adolescentes que apresentam problemas de conduta iniciais, graves, crónicos e agressivos. O
Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) foi desenvolvido para avaliar estes traços, mais tarde
associados à psicopatia, em crianças e adolescentes. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar as
propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do ICU, reportada pelo professor, para crianças em
idade pré-escolar. A amostra foi recolhida em escolas públicas e incluiu as respostas de 46 professores
do ensino pré-escolar relativamente a 131 crianças (62 raparigas) entre os 3 e os 6 anos de idade. Os
resultados indicam que um modelo de dois fatores foi o que melhor se ajustou aos nossos dados,
incluindo o fator Callous e o fator Uncaring, recorrendo a 12 dos 24 itens originais. Além disso, os
resultados deste estudo também fornecem evidências de invariância de medição entre sexos para o
ICU, permitindo comparar os níveis médios de traços de frieza emocional entre rapazes e raparigas.
Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que a versão portuguesa do inventário ICU (versão do
professor) parece ser fiável e válida para avaliar os traços de frieza emocional em crianças em idade
pré-escolar.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
How priming with body odors affects decision speeds in consumer behavior
Get PDFTo date, odor research has primarily focused on the behavioral efects of common odors on consumer
perception and choices. We report a study that examines, for the frst time, the efects of human body
odor cues on consumer purchase behaviors. The infuence of human chemosignals produced in three
conditions, namely happiness, fear, a relaxed condition (rest), and a control condition (no odor), were
examined on willingness to pay (WTP) judgments across various products. We focused on the speed
with which participants reached such decisions. The central fnding revealed that participants exposed
to human odors reached decisions signifcantly faster than the no odor control group. The main driving
force is that human body odors activate the presence of others during decision-making. This, in turn,
afects response speed. The broader implications of this fnding for consumer behavior are discussed.Comunidade Europeia e Generalitat Valencianainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the Portuguese version of the family resilience questionnaire – short form (FaRE-SF-P) in women with breast cancer
Get PDFBackground: A diagnosis of cancer, and the resulting treatment process, can
be perceived as a life-threatening event, affecting not only patients but also their
social network and, more specifically, their relatives. While the ability to cope and
adjust to difficult health situations may be challenging, family resilience may optimize
a positive adaptation to adversity and contribute to enhance the patient’s quality of
life. The Family Resilience Questionnaire (FaRE) is a self-report measure of family
resilience that assesses this construct systematically. We aimed to validate the
Portuguese version of a short form of the FaRE (FaRE-SF-P) in a sample of women
with breast cancer.
Methods: 147 women recently diagnosed with early breast cancer were recruited at
the Champalimaud Clinical Centre in Lisbon. Participants completed psychometric
assessment including the Portuguese version of the FaRE-SF-P, composed by two
subscales of the original version – the FaRE Perceived Family Coping (FaRE-PFC)
and the FaRE Communication and Cohesion (FaRE-CC). Confirmatory factor analysis
(CFA) was performed to assess the factor structure of the FaRE-SF-P. Construct validity
was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for divergent
validity, and the Modified Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (mMOSSS) as well as the social functioning subscale from the European Organization for
Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC
QLQ-C30) for convergent validity.
Results: The CFA results confirmed a correlated two-factor structure model
consistent with the Perceived Family Coping and the Communication and Cohesion
subscales. Internal consistency reliability indicated good values both for Perceived
Family Coping and Communication and Cohesion subscales. The results for construct
validity showed acceptable convergent and divergent validity.
Discussion: The FaRE-SF-P showed good psychometric properties demonstrating
to be a valid and reliable family resilience measure to use in Portuguese women
diagnosed with breast cancer. Since FaRE-SF-P is a short instrument it may be a
useful screening tool in an oncological clinical practice routineinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Weight management strategies in Middle-Aged Women (MAW): Development and validation of a questionnaire based on the Oxford Food and Activity Behaviors Taxonomy (OxFAB-MAW) in a Portuguese sample
Get PDFBackground: The Oxford Food and Activity Behaviors (OxFAB) taxonomy
systematize the cognitive-behavioral strategies adopted by individuals who
are attempting to manage their weight. The present study aimed to (1) develop
a questionnaire based on the OxFAB taxonomy, specifically adapted for
middle-aged women—the OxFAB-MAW—stage of life and sex, which present
a high incidence of obesity, (2) assess the psychometric properties of this tool,
and (3) evaluate the discriminative power of the OxFAB-MAW (normal weight
vs. obesity).
Methods: Overall, 1,367 Portuguese middle-aged women between 45 and
65 years (M = 52.3, SD = 5.15) filled in a sociodemographic, health, and
menopause-related questionnaire, as well as the OxFAB-MAW.
Results: Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated an acceptable model
fit (comparative fit index = 0.928, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.913, root mean
square error of approximation = 0.072, and standardized root mean square
residual = 0.054). Five domains with one item were grouped into other
domains, and the Weight Management Aids domain was also removed. The
OxFAB-MAW showed factorial, convergent, discriminant, and external validity,
as well as composite reliability.
Conclusion: The OxFAB-MAW questionnaire is a valid, reliable, and theorydriven tool for assessing weight management strategies in middle-aged
women, being able to discriminate between clinical and non-clinical groups
(normal weight vs. obesity) in several domains. This instrument can be used to gather valid and reliable data, useful in both research and clinical
settings (especially focused on structuring interventions and preventive
obesity programs within this specific life cycle stage).Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Descripción de dos especies nuevas del género Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae) en la Península Ibérica
Get PDFTwo new species, Squalius gaditanus sp. nov. and Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. are described on the basis of morphological and genetic traits. Squalius gaditanus is restricted to the Barbate, Jara and Miel drainages in the province of Cádiz (Southern Spain). Squalius gaditanus sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Squalius species from the Iberian Peninsula through a combination of morphometric, meristic and genetic characters: 36-40 (χ = 38) pored scales on the lateral line; 6-7 (χ = 6.7) scales above the lateral line; 2-3 (χ = 2.8) scales below the lateral line; vertebrae 37-39 (χ = 38); second infraorbital bone narrower than the third in adults; maxilla with reduced pointed anterior process; posterior process of the maxilla long and thin; lower branch of the pharyngeal bone short and robust; pharyngeal plate of basioccipital rounded and two autapomorphies in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. inhabits the Almargem, Gilão, Odiel, Guadiana, Guadalquivir, Guadalete, Guadalhorce, Velez, Guadalfeo and Segura drainages in the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. can be differentiated from other Squalius species from the Iberian Peninsula through a set of morphometric, meristic and genetic traits: 37-41(χ = 38.8) pored scales on the lateral line; 6-7 (χ = 7) scales above the lateral line; 2-3 (χ = 2.9) scales below the lateral line; 37-39 (χ = 38) number of vertebrae; infraorbital bones unusually wide in adults; maxilla with discernable pointed anterior process; posterior process of the maxilla long and thin; lower branch of the pharyngeal bone short and robust; pharyngeal plate of basioccipital triangular in shape; posterior lamina of cleithrum expanding posteriorly.Descripción de dos especies nuevas del género Squalius Bonaparte, 1837 (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae) en la Península Ibérica
Se describen dos nuevas especies, Squalius gaditanus sp. nov. y Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. sobre la base de caracteres morfológicos y genéticos. Squalius gaditanus está restringida a las cuencas de Barbate, Jara y Miel en la provincia de Cádiz (sur de España). Squalius gaditanus sp. nov. se puede distinguir de otras especies del género Squalius, de la Península Ibérica, a través de una combinación de caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y genéticos: 36-40 (χ = 38) escamas canaliculadas en la línea lateral; 6-7 (χ = 6.7) escamas por encima de la línea lateral; 2-3 (χ = 2,8) escamas debajo de la línea lateral; vértebras 37-39 (χ = 38); en los ejemplares adultos el segundo infraorbitario es más estrecho que el tercero; maxilar con su proceso anterior poco puntiagudo; proceso posterior del maxilar largo y delgado; la rama inferior del hueso faríngeo es corta y robusta; placa faríngea del
basioccipital redondeada y dos autapomorfias en el gen mitocondrial citocromo b. Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. vive en las cuencas de los ríos Almargem, Gilao, Odiel, Guadiana, Guadalquivir, Guadalete, Guadalhorce, Vélez, Guadalfeo y Segura en el sur de la Península Ibérica. Squalius tartessicus sp. nov. se puede distinguir de otras especies del género Squalius, de la Península Ibérica, a través de una combinación de caracteres morfométricos, merísticos y genéticos; 37-41 (χ = 38.8), escamas canaliculadas en la línea lateral; 6-7 (χ = 7) escamas por encima de la línea lateral; 2-3 (χ = 2.9) escamas por debajo de la línea lateral; 37-39 (χ = 38) número de vértebras; en los adultos infraorbitarios excepcionalmente anchos; maxilar con la apófisis anterior puntiaguda; apófisis posterior del maxilar larga y delgada; la apófisis inferior del hueso faríngeo es corta y robusta; placa faríngea del basioccipital de forma triangular; lámina posterior de cleitro extendida.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Father involvement during early childhood: A systematic review of qualitative studies
Get PDFObjective: In this research, we analyze and integrate the
qualitative empirical studies of father involvement, specifically
examining his involvement in the multiple functions
and dimensions of care during early childhood.
Background: Father involvement is a relevant social and scientific
topic given the changes in fathers’ role in contemporary
families. Fatherhood involving presence, affection, support,
nurturance, as well as prioritizing child’s needs, seems to be a
perspective dominantly shared by parents. However, studies
tend to focus on intact White middle-class families, neglecting
other backgrounds and family configurations, which may be
easily examined through qualitative approaches.
Method: A database search was performed using a combination
of relevant keywords in the title, abstract, and keywords.
Results: Initially, 1,102 records were identified, with 58 manuscripts
being assessed for eligibility. Finally, 16 articles were
included. The analysis of the corpus identified three main
themes: (a) the definition of father involvement and the
description of main dimensions in which he was involved,
(b) main challenges and facilitators of father involvement,
and (c) the influence of intergenerational values on it.
Conclusions: Findings provide insights about the multiple
dimensions and roles related to father involvement, and
they open new avenues for future research.
Implications: The results reflected the state of the art about
father involvement in qualitative research. Suggestions are
made to reinforce fathers’ full involvement in childcare, at
personal and social levels.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnogia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceptual anchoring effects: Evidence of response bias and a change in estimates sensitivity
Get PDFIntroduction: People’s estimates of perceptual quantities are commonly biased by the
contextual presence of other quantities (like numbers). In this study, we address assimilation anchoring effects (approximation of real quantities to contextual quantities) that
occur for visually displayed proportions, defining a new methodological setting for the
effect.
Method: Similar to classic approaches, we asked participants across several trials
whether the display contained a feature in a proportion higher or lower than “a randomly selected value” (relative judgments), and then estimated the feature proportions
(absolute judgments). Across all trials, we presented seven anchors ranging from .20 to
.80, each with a visually displayed representation of the same seven proportions (49
judgments in total). This allowed for a psychophysical approach to individual estimates
and signal detection indexes, providing new insights into how the anchoring effect is
generated in this setting.
Results: Our findings suggest that anchoring effects occur both as a bias (changes in
response criteria) and as a change in the ability to discriminate stimuli (affecting sensitivity indexes). Moreover, anchors modulate the level of stimuli features for which
estimates were more uncertain. Finally, our results indicate that anchor effects occur
immediately in the first phase of the two-phase paradigm, leading to the availability of
values for supporting absolute estimates.
Conclusion: By using a psychophysical approach to the anchoring effects, for the first
time, we could clarify that this effect is the result of both bias and changes in the ability
to discriminate quantityFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio