Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Recuperar dá trabalho: impacto da orientação para o bem-estar e capacidade hedónica na recuperação do trabalho
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a
orientação da Professora Doutora Maria
João Morais Gouveia, apresentada no
Ispa – Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia da Saúde.A realidade atual das condições de trabalho revela um cenário desafiador e
exigente para os profissionais. Cargas horárias excessivas, altos níveis de stress, assim
como fastigiosas exigências cognitivas e emocionais são alguns dos desafios
enfrentados pelos trabalhadores. Face a este cenário atual, a promoção do bem-estar e
da performance no trabalho tem-se tornado uma das principais preocupações no âmbito
da saúde organizacional.
O bem-estar no trabalho pode ser obtido de variadas formas. O presente estudo
propõem-se a analisar se existe relação entre as Orientações individuais para o Bem Estar e a Experiência de Recuperação dos trabalhadores, tendo em conta a Capacidade
Hedónica dos mesmos.
Os resultados revelam que as orientações hedónicas e eudaimónicas detêm
papéis distintos nas experiências de recuperação. A Eudaimonia apenas se correlaciona
significativamente com a experiência de Mestria, e de forma negativa com o
Afastamento Psicológico. A Hedonia, correlaciona-se significativamente com todas as
experiencias de recuperação, à exceção da Mestria. Isto enfatiza a necessidade de
desenvolver estratégias de gestão de stress e recuperação do trabalho que tenham em
consideração as orientações individuais.
Adicionalmente, a Capacidade Hedónica, mais concretamente Sucesso
Hedónico, demonstrou ter um efeito mediador significativo entre as variáveis
analisadas, revelando ser um possível mecanismo que facilita a experienciação destes
diferentes tipos de recuperação.
Contudo, estudos futuros são necessários para confirmar se níveis mais elevados
de experiências de recuperação se traduzem em maiores níveis de recuperação geral do
indivíduo, ou se revelam uma maior necessidade de experienciar esses tipos de
recuperação, devido a baixos níveis de recuperação geral.ABSTRACT: The current reality of working conditions presents a challenging and demanding
scenario for professionals. Excessive working hours, high levels of stress, as well as
demanding cognitive and emotional requirements are some of the challenges faced by
workers. In the face of this current scenario, promoting well-being and performance at
work has become one of the main concerns in the field of organizational health.
Well-being at work can be achieved in various ways. The present study aims to
analyse whether individual Well-Being Orientations influence workers' Recovery
Experiences, considering their Hedonic Capacity.
The results reveal that hedonic and eudaimonic orientations play distinct roles in
recovery experiences. Eudaimonia is only significantly correlated with Mastery
experience and is negatively correlated with Psychological Detachment. Hedonia is
significantly correlated with all recovery experiences, except for Mastery. This
emphasizes the need to develop stress management and work recovery strategies that
take individual orientations into consideration.
Additionally, Hedonic Capacity, specifically Hedonic Success, demonstrated a
significant mediating effect between the analysed variables, proving to be a potential
mechanism that facilitates the experience of these different types of recovery.
However, further studies are needed to examine whether higher levels in
different types of recovery experiences translate into higher overall individual recovery
levels, or if they indicate a greater need to experience these types of recovery due to low
overall recovery levels
Intervenção Psicológica com Pessoas LGBT+: Perspetivas de Futuros/as Psicólogos/as Portugueses/as
No full textDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a
orientação do Professor Doutor Pedro Alexandre
Costa, apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.O presente estudo teve como objetivos averiguar quais as crenças e expetativas de
estudantes finalistas de psicologia relativamente à intervenção psicológica a realizar com a
população LGBT+, tendo como objetivos específicos descrever a formação obtida nestas
temáticas e importância atribuída à mesma, bem como explorar as crenças das pessoas
participantes face às minorias sexuais e de género. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas a 33
estudantes de diversos mestrados de psicologia com idades compreendidas entre os 22 e 44
anos de idade. As pessoas participantes foram recrutadas por via de redes sociais e redes de
contacto do investigador, tendo as entrevistas sido realizadas presencialmente e online, através
da plataforma Zoom. Os resultados foram analisados segundo o método da análise de conteúdo,
tendo-se identificado quatro categorias principais: (1) Crenças Cognitivo/Afetivas; (2) Estigma
Sexual, (3) Formação em temáticas LGBT; (4) Intervenção Psicológica com Pessoas LGBT+.
Verificou-se a crença consistente das pessoas LGBT+ continuarem a sofrer discriminação em
diversos contextos e aos efeitos adversos desta na sua saúde mental. Os/as/es participantes
relataram uma quase inexistência de contacto com informação científica sobre diversidade
sexual e de género, resultados que poderão explicar parcialmente as suas atitudes e expetativas
em relação à intervenção psicológica a realizar com esta população. As implicações deste
estudo remetem para a necessidade de formação de futuros/as profissionais acerca de práticas
adequadas à população LGBT+ e para a importância da inclusão destas temáticas nos currículos
académicos de psicologia.ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to find out what are the beliefs and expectations of psychology
master’s degree students regarding the psychological intervention to be carried out with the
LGBT+ population, with the specific objectives of describing the training obtained in these
themes and the importance attribute to it, as well as exploring the beliefs of participants against
sexual and gender minorities. To this end, interviews were conducted with 33 students from
different master’s degree within the psychology field aged between 22 and 44 years old.
Participants were recruited via social networks and the researcher’s contact network, with the
interviews being carried out in person and online, through Zoom platform. The results were
analyzed using the content analysis method, leading to the identification of four categories: (1)
Cognitive/Affective Beliefs; (2) Sexual Stigma; (3) Training on LGBT+ Topics; and (4),
Psychological Intervention with LGBT+ People. There was a consistent belief that LGBT+
people continue to suffer discrimination in different contexts and its adverse effects on their
mental health. Participants reported having almost no contact with scientific information about
sexual and gender diversity, results that could partially explain their attitudes and expectations
regarding the psychological intervention to be carried out with this population. The implications
of this study point to the need for training future professionals on practices suitable for the
LGBT+ population and to the importance of including these themes in academic psychology
curriculums
Efeito do comportamento agressivo de Phymactis papillosa (Lesson, 1830) sobre espécies de anémonas-do-mar intertidais nativas portuguesas
No full textDissertação de Mestrado
realizada sob a orientação da Professora
Doutora Ana Martins Pereira,
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Biologia
Marinha e Conservação.As espécies invasoras têm alterado globalmente os habitats marinhos e são a
segunda maior causa da extinção de espécies, sendo fundamental analisar a sua presença
e prever danos que possam causar. Phymactis papillosa (Lesson, 1830) nativa da costa
Pacífica da América do Sul e Central, é uma espécie de anémona-do-mar exótica em
Portugal, com a seu primeiro registo neste local em 2017. Estando esta espécie confinada
ao intertidal rochoso, prevê-se que ela possa ter um efeito de competição por espaço,
sobretudo com espécies do mesmo grupo funcional. Para testar esta hipótese, foram
provocadas interações agressivas de P. papillosa sobre quatro espécies de anémonas-do mar intertidais nativas- Actinia equina, Actinia schmidti, Actinia fragacea e Anemonia
viridis, das espécies mais abundantes no intertidal rochoso em Portugal, com o objetivo
de qualificar o comportamento agressivo de P. papillosa e perceber o impacto que esta
pode causar nas espécies nativas e no ecossistema. Utilizaram-se morfotipos verdes e
vermelhos de P. papillosa para também observar possíveis diferenças na agressivade entre
ambos. Foram observados nove comportamentos agonísticos durante as interações, com
a espécie exótica a ser dominante sobre as três espécies do género Actinia mas equiparada
a A. viridis, quer em termos dos resultados de confrontos quer da própria agressividade.
Os dois morfotipos de P. papillosa não apresentaram diferenças evidentes num panorama
geral. A aplicação de acrorhagi, um estrutura importante na agressividade das anémonas,
foi menos frequente que o previsto. Estes resultados comprovam que P. papillosa pode
provocar impactos negativos nas espécies Actinia, já que apresenta uma dominância
comportamental, levando a um impacto da distribuição espacial destas espécies.ABSTRACT: Invasive species have globally altered marine habitats and are the second biggest
cause of species extinction, making it essential to analyze their presence and predict the
damage they may cause. Phymactis papillosa (Lesson, 1830), native to the Pacific coast
of South and Central America, is a species of sea anemone, exotic in Portugal, with its
first record in this location in 2017. As this species is confined to the rocky intertidal, it
can impact native species by space competition, especially with the ones from the same
functional group. To test this hypothesis, aggressive interactions of P. papillosa were
provoked on four species of native intertidal sea anemones- Actinia equina, Actinia
schmidti, Actinia fragacea and Anemonia viridis, some of the most abundant rocky
intertidal sea anemone species in Portugal, with the aim of qualifying the aggressive
behavior of P. papillosa and understand the impact that can have on native species and
the ecosystem. Green and red morphotypes of P. papillosa were used to also observe
possible differences between them. Nine agonistic behaviors were observed, with the
exotic species being dominant over the three species of the genus Actinia but equivalent
to A. viridis, both in terms of the results of confrontations and aggressiveness. There were
no clear differences between the two morphotypes of P. papillosa. The application of
acrorhagi, an important structure in the aggressiveness in anemones, was less frequent
than expected. These results show that P. papillosa can have negative impacts on Actinia
species, due to its behavioural dominance, with impact on the native species spatial
distribution
Understanding differential stress and mental health reactions to COVID-19 related events
Get PDFThe effects of the pandemic on mental health can be studied through different variables, such as the number of COVID-19 stressors, the stressor types, and the stress responses. Understanding the sources of mental strain is crucial for developing effective interventions. The present study analyzed the relationship between these COVID-19-related variables and positive and negative mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 666 individuals from the Portuguese general population, mostly females (65.5%) between 16–93 years old. They completed self-report measures regarding the number of COVID-19 stressors, the stressor types, the stress responses (IES-R), and positive (MHC-SF) and negative mental health (BSI-18). The results demonstrated that a higher number of COVID-19-experienced stressors and more stress responses were related to worse mental health. Regarding stressor types, experiences not related to the COVID-19 infection (e.g., tension at home) presented the largest effects on mental health. The strongest predictor was the stress responses for negative (β = 0.50) and positive mental health (β = −0.17). The predictors explained more about negative mental health than positive. These findings support the idea that individual appraisals play a crucial role in mental health.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Configurations of mother–child and father–child attachment relationships as predictors of child language competence: An individual participant data meta‐analysis
Get PDFAn individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted to test pre-registered
hypotheses about how the configuration of attachment relationships to mothers
and fathers predicts children's language competence. Data from seven studies
(published between 1985 and 2014) including 719 children (Mage: 19.84months;
51% female; 87% White) were included in the linear mixed effects analyses. Mean
language competence scores exceeded the population average across children
with different attachment configurations. Children with two secure attachment
relationships had higher language competence scores compared to those with
one or no secure attachment relationships (d=.26). Children with two organized
attachment relationships had higher language competence scores compared to
those with one organized attachment relationship (d=.23), and this difference
was observed in older versus younger children in exploratory analyses. Mother–
child and father–child attachment quality did not differentially predict language
competence, supporting the comparable importance of attachment to both parents
in predicting developmental outcomes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Emotion regulation in dementia caregiving: The role of neuropsychiatric symptoms and attachment orientation
Get PDFFamily caregivers are usually the main source of support for persons living with dementia, being exposed to a loved one’s
suffering, which can lead to experiencing strong and negative emotions. This study aimed to identify factors capable of
explaining individual differences in the way caregivers regulate their emotions. This cross-sectional study included 78
informal caregivers (M = 64.84 years; SD = 13.32) and 84 controls (non-caregivers) (M = 77 years; SD = 7.59).
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), attachment orientations, and emotion regulation were measured using self-report
scales. Caregivers of persons living with dementia used more expressive suppression in comparison to non-caregivers.
NPS and attachment avoidance were associated with expressive suppression. Moderation analyses showed that NPS only
predicted expressive suppression when attachment avoidance was low or medium. The present study showed that
caregivers are more likely to suppress their emotions in the presence of NPS, especially those with lower/middle levels of
attachment avoidance. Psychological interventions targeting emotion regulation should be offered especially to caregivers that face NPS of persons living with dementia and present lower/middle levels of attachment avoidance.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceptions of LIS professionals on ACRL framework: understanding and fostering concepts, skills and attitudes in academic students
Get PDFThe recently translated Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education is generating considerable interest among Portuguese professionals. As pedagogical approaches and constructivist learning gain prominence, librarians are recognizing the crucial role they play in facilitating research skills, employing diverse pedagogical methods, and fostering information literacy as essential elements of education. This study, conducted as part of a national project focused on information literacy for academic students, aims to analyze Portuguese librarians' perceptions regarding the translated Framework. Through an extensive literature review and an online survey, the initial findings indicate that librarians possess a basic understanding of the topic while demonstrating a strong commitment to acting. Building upon the translated Framework, pedagogical materials and training opportunities have been introduced. As information literacy programs continue to be integrated, implemented, and evaluated in libraries and academic curricula, the Framework serves as a valuable reference document for information professionals and educators, offering inspiration and guidance.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Os papéis de género na vitimação da violência em contexto de intimidade
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA- Instituto Universitário
para a obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Forense.A literatura científica em torno da temática da violência em relações de intimidade
(VRI) sobre as mulheres e suas respetivas repercussões, apresenta um imenso e variado leque
de investigações, contrariamente aos homens vítimas de abusos neste contexto. Assim, o
presente estudo tem como principal objetivo compreender de que forma os papéis de género se
relacionam com a vitimação, revelando-se enriquecedor e pertinente uma vez que a
problemática dos homens alvo de violência, é um tema sempre, ou quase sempre,
desconsiderado. Para tal, optou-se pela escolha de uma metodologia qualitativa tendo sido
realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a 13 participantes, quatro do sexo masculino e nove do
sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 22 e os 49 anos, que em algum momento
das suas vidas tivessem experienciado uma situação de vitimação neste contexto. Os resultados
obtidos revelaram a presença de desigualdades nos papéis de género assim como no apoio
prestado às vítimas neste contexto. No qual, se ressaltaram necessidades de intervenção na
sociedade e nas forças de segurança no que toca aos papéis de género e à vitimação da VRI,
nomeadamente uma maior sensibilização e formação de agentes para a temática. Por último
serão apresentadas as limitações encontradas no estudo assim como feitas sugestões para
estudos futurosABSTRACT: The scientific literature on the topic of violence in intimate relationships (VIR) on
women and its respective repercussions, presents a varied range of investigations, unlike when
the situation occurs with men, where the investigation is very limited. Therefore, the present
study’s main objective is to understand how gender roles relate to victimization in this context,
proving to be relevant since the problem of men who are victims of violence is always, or almost
always, a topic disregarded. To accomplish this it was selected a qualitative methodology and
semi-structured interviews were carried out with 13 participants, four male and nine female,
aged between 22 and 49, who at some point in their lives had experienced a situation of
victimization in VRI. The results obtained revealed the presence of inequality in gender roles
as well as in the support provided to victims. The needs for intervention and change in the
society stereotypes, and for more specific training of the security forces, regarding this subject,
including greater awareness towards gender roles and VRI victimization was found to be
essencial. Finally, the limitations found in the study will be presented, as well as suggestions
for future studies
Can interpersonal problems predict female depression?
Get PDFBackground: Recognized as a common and debilitating condition with a high recurrence rate, depression
is considered a severe public health problem. The association between interpersonal problems and
depressive disorders is well documented, but studies in non-clinical populations are scarce. The
working hypotheses were that (Hp1) depressed women report more interpersonal problems than nondepressed ones, and (Hp2) depression is predicted by interpersonal problems.
Methods: The present study analyzes the relationship between depression and interpersonal problems,
assessed by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP64), in a non-clinical Portuguese female
population (n=240), aged 18 to 81. Two groups of participants were considered, based on the Beck
Depression Inventory – short form (BDI-SF) cut-off points: G1 "non-depressed" (n=119, M=44.18,
SD=12.34) and G2 “depressed” (n=121, M=41.14, DS=13.74). One-way ANOVA and binary logistic
regression with forward selection were performed.
Results: There was a significant difference in interpersonal problems between depressed and nondepressed women. Specifically, when women experienced depressive symptoms, they identified more
interpersonal problems. The sub-scales IIP1 dominating/controlling, IIP7 Self-sacrifice and IIP4
Socially inhibited had the most significant impact on the likelihood of depression.
Conclusions: This study emphasizes that clinical practice and universal and selective prevention strategies
for depression should include analyses and interventions on factors such as inhibition, reduction of
the social network, difficulty in emotional expression and low gratification experienced in interpersonal
relationshipsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comparing fear and anxiety chemosignals: Do they modulate facial muscle activity and facilitate identifying facial expressions?
No full textFear and anxiety are the most frequently studied emotional states in chemosignal research. Despite differences between these two emotional
states, findings from research using fear and anxiety body odors (BOs) are often treated as part of a similar phenomenon. In this article, we
examine possible similarities and differences between participants exposed to fear and anxiety BOs on 2 dependent variables commonly used in
chemosignals’ research: (1) the activation of facial muscles in displays of fear expressions (i.e. the medial frontalis and the corrugator supercilii);
and (2) the time required to discriminate between negative emotional expressions (fear, anger, and disgust) and neutral ones. Our results show
that fear (vs. rest) and anxiety (vs. exercise) BOs activate the medial frontalis, suggesting that both have a similar impact on receivers’ facial
muscles. However, we could not replicate previous findings regarding the influence of fear BOs in discriminating negative emotional faces from
neutral ones. Two additional replication attempts failed to replicate the earlier results, indicating that the results reported in the literature with
this specific paradigm should be interpreted cautiously. Suggestions for future research examining possible differences between fear and anxiety BOs are advanced.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio