Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
Repositório do ISPANot a member yet
10030 research outputs found
Sort by
Methods for the collection of fish mucus: A systematic review
No full textThe aquatic environment holds a vast source of organisms that provide numerous
opportunities to bioprospect new molecules. Notably, fish are producers of an epidermal
mucus that offers protection against pathogens, making it a promising source of bioactive
molecules. This source of molecules, however, has yet to be thoroughly explored, and
particularly, optimization of methods for collection and study is needed. This review
concentrates on the methods of mucus collection employed to secure high-quality samples,
enabling the extraction and characterization of molecules with bioactive potential. A
comprehensive search was conducted, and publications were selected based on the following
criteria: (i) the mucus has been collected from the external body of the fish, not involving
dissection or damage; (ii) mucus crude extracts have undergone a chemical or genetic
characterization; (iii) mucus was used in bioactivity assays (e.g., antimicrobial or
immune-related). Scraping, bagging, and absorption are the primary methods for collecting
fish mucus. They were assessed based on fish handling, sample volume, and processing,
including anesthesia and starvation. Scraping with a soft tool, such as cotton balls or sponges,
proved most effective and minimized contamination, dilution, and injury risk. This review aids
future studies of mucus composition and properties.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Electrophysiological indices of distractor processing in visual search are shaped by target expectations
Get PDFAlthough in many cases salient stimuli capture attention
involuntarily, it has been proposed recently that under certain
conditions, the bottom–up signal generated by such stimuli
can be proactively suppressed. In support of this signal suppression hypothesis, ERP studies have demonstrated that salient
stimuli that do not capture attention elicit a distractor positivity
(PD), a putative neural index of suppression. At the same time, it
is becoming increasingly clear that regularities across preceding
search episodes have a large influence on attentional selection.
Yet to date, studies in support of the signal suppression hypothesis have largely ignored the role of selection history on the
processing of distractors. The current study addressed this issue
by examining how electrophysiological markers of attentional
selection (N2pc) and suppression (PD) elicited by targets and distractors, respectively, were modulated when the search target
randomly varied instead of being fixed across trials. Results
showed that although target selection was unaffected by this
manipulation, both in terms of manual response times, as well
as in terms of the N2pc component, the PD component was reliably attenuated when the target features varied randomly across
trials. This result demonstrates that the distractor PD, which is
typically considered the marker of selective distractor processing,
cannot unequivocally be attributed to suppression only, as it also,
at least in part, reflects the upweighting of target features.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
To be or not to be empathic: The role of empathy in child sexual offending
Get PDFAlthough treatment providers very often use empathy training in treatment for those who
sexually offend, it is essential to further investigate the predictive capacity of this construct
for committing a child sexual offending. This study aimed to examine the relationship
between empathy and different types of offending behavior (i.e., child sexual offending and
nonsexual offending). The sample was composed of 113 male individuals who sexually
offended minors (ISOMs) and 146 individuals convicted of nonsexual crimes. Four separate
binary logistic regression analyses were conducted controlling for sociodemographic
variables. Only cognitive empathy emerged as a predictor for committing a sexual crime
against a minor, with ISOMs being more likely to score less in cognitive empathy than the
nonsexual group. Therefore, extrafamilial ISOMs are more likely to score higher in cognitive
empathy than intrafamilial. This study highlighted the importance of addressing cognitive
empathy in psychological intervention for ISOMs.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Psychometrics evaluation of the university student engagement inventory in online learning among Arab students
Get PDFAim Student’ engagement is a predictor of various educational outcomes, and it is a key factor in perceived learning.
This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties of University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) among
students of Arab universities.
Methods In this cross-sectional methodological study 525 Arab university students participated. Data was collected
from December 2020 to January 2021. The confirmatory factor analysis used for construct validity, reliability and
Invariance analysis for Sex were evaluated.
Results Confirmatory factor analysis indices confirmed the good model fit to the data (CFIscl=0.977, NFIscl=0.974,
TLIscl=0.972, SRMR = 0.036, RMSEAscl=0.111, n = 525). All tested models showed strong invariance of the USEI between
male and females. There was also evidence of convergent (AVE > 0.7 for all the scales) and discriminant validity
(HTMT > 0.75 for all scales). Reliability evidence for the USEI measures in the sample of Arabic students was high
(αordinal and ω above 0.86).
Conclusion The results of this study support the validity and reliability of the USEI with 15 items and 3 factors and
demonstrate the importance of students’ engagement in the learning process, academic progress, and self-directed
learning.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Migraines and family life: Adaptation and Validation of the Portuguese Version of the IMPAC Scale
Get PDFMigraine is a prevalent disorder imposing a great, pervasive burden on the bearer’s life. However, research is lacking on the individual and family impact of migraines. This study aims to adapt and validate a Portuguese version of the Impact of Migraine on Partners and Adolescent Children (IMPAC) scale, analyzing its psychometric properties. Four hundred eighty six individuals with migraines answered an online questionnaire, also containing a health-related quality of life measure –SF-12. The IMPAC-P presented good psychometric properties and fit of the theoretical model with three underlying factors – Activity Limitations, Partner Interaction, and Children Interaction. The impact of migraines was higher in women, single or widowed individuals, and those aged 21 to 40, exhibiting a significant and negative correlation with SF-12. The IMPAC-P is a brief, valid, reliable, and sensitive tool for assessing the impact of migraines on the bearer’s life and family in both clinical and research contexts.R E S UMEN La migraña es un trastorno prevalente que impone una carga grande y generalizada en la vida del que la sufre. No obstante, falta investigación acerca de la repercusión individual y familiar de la misma. El estudio adapta y valida la versión portuguesa de la escala sobre Repercusión de la Migraña en la Pareja e Hijos Adolescentes (IMPAC según sus siglas en inglés), analizando sus propiedades psicométricas. Una muestra de 456 sujetos que padecían migrañas contestó al cuestionario online, que incluía igualmente una medida de calidad de vida relativa a la salud (la SF-12). La escala presenta buenas propiedades psicométricas y un buen ajuste al modelo teórico, con tres factores subyacentes (limitaciones de la actividad, interacción de pareja e interacción entre los hijos). El impacto de las migrañas era superior en las mujeres y personas solteras o viudas así como en las personas de entre 21 y 40 años de edad, habiendo una correlación negativa significativa con la SF-12. Se trata de una herramienta breve, válida, fiable y sensible para evaluar el efecto de las migrañas en la vida de quien las sufre y de la familia, tanto en contextos clínicos como de investigación.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Work Gains and strains on father involvement: The mediating role of parenting styles
Get PDFThe balance between work and family demands is one of the main challenges of contemporary
parenting. However, most of the research has focused on mothers’ perspectives, with
fathers’ perspectives about the links between work–family activities and father involvement, as
well as the role of indirect effects, such as parenting styles, being less explored. This study aims to
bridge these gaps by exploring whether work strains or gains are related to father involvement in
childcare and the mediating role of parental styles, focusing on fathers’ reports. Working, married
fathers of preschoolers (n = 411) self-reported about work strains and gains, parental styles, and
father involvement. Structural equation modeling, using maximum-likelihood estimation, provided
good fit indices. Results of the bootstrap analysis revealed how fathers’ gains indirectly increased
involvement both in direct and indirect care through positive parental styles. Otherwise, fathers’
strains at work had a negative indirect effect on direct care through negative parental styles. Findings
contribute to work–family interface by showing how parental styles account for mediating
environmental challenges on father involvement.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia -FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Mascarar um sorriso: o impacto das máscaras no reconhecimento de Sorrisos Duchenne nas crianças
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação do
Professor Doutor Alexandre Fernandes, apresentada no Ispa
– Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A expressão facial das emoções é uma das ferramentas mais poderosas de comunicação não
verbal, expressando o que sentimos, como alegria através dos sorrisos que esboçamos. São
considerados dois tipos de sorriso: Sorrisos Duchenne ou genuínos que envolvem a ativação do
músculo zigomático maior e o músculo orbicular do olho, ao contrário dos chamados Sorrisos
Não Duchenne – ou não genuínos – que ativa apenas o primeiro músculo. Assim, quando as
máscaras foram implementadas para contenção do vírus COVID-19, perdemos bastantes pistas
que nos permitem identificar várias emoções, como é o caso do sorriso. Este estudo tem como
objetivos compreender se a utilização de máscaras diminui o reconhecimento do sorriso não
Duchenne comparativamente à não utilização e se existe um efeito da progressão da idade neste
reconhecimento. A amostra composta por 46 crianças dos 6 aos 10 anos realizou uma tarefa de
discriminação, sendo apresentadas de forma aleatória faces com e sem máscara facial
representativa das expressões básicas, devendo indicar se a face estava alegre ou não alegre. Os
resultados mostraram uma diminuição da discriminação dos sorrisos quando estava presente a
máscara facial, sendo os Sorrisos Não Duchenne os mais afetados por este acessório. Foi,
também, reportada uma interação significativa entre a máscara e a faixa etária dos participantes,
sendo as crianças mais novas as mais impactadas pela presença das máscaras na discriminação.
Os bons resultados na discriminação de Sorrisos Duchenne enfatizam a importância da ativação
do músculo orbicular do olho no julgamento da alegria.ABSTRACT: The facial expression of emotions is one of the most powerful tools of nonverbal
communication, expressing what we feel, such as happiness through the smiles we exhibit. Two
types of smiles are considered: Duchenne Smiles or genuine smiles that involve the activation
of the zygomatic major muscle and the orbicularis oculi muscle, unlike the so called Non
Duchenne Smiles – or non-genuine smiles – which activates only the first. Thus, when masks
were implemented to contain the COVID-19 virus, we lost many clues that allow us to identify
various emoticons, such as a smile. This study aims to understand wheter the use of masks
decreases the recognition of Non Duchenne Smiles compared to non-use and wheter there is an
effect of age progression on this recognition. The sample consisted of 46 children aged between
6 and 10 years-old who performed a discrimination task, being randomly presented faces with
and without face masks, representing the basic expressions, indicating wheter the face was
happy or not. The results showed a decrease in smile recognition when the face mask was
present, with Non Duchenne Smile being the most affected by this acessory. A significant
interaction between the mask and the age group of the participants was also reported, with
younger children being the most impacted by the presence of masks in discrimination. The good
results of Duchenne Smile discrimination emphasize the importance of the activation of the
orbicularis oculi muscle in the judgment of happiness
“O que somos quando somos privados de ser?” Análise da perceção e gaps na importância atribuída a um conjunto de competências para a (re)integração no mercado de trabalho por recrutadores e reclusos
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a
orientação da Professora Doutora Ana Sabino,
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia
Social e das Organizações.Este ano, espera-se que o rácio de movimento de reclusos seja reforçado pela saída
de 4 a 5 mil pessoas por termo de pena, absolvição ou liberdade condicional. No entanto,
ainda pouco se sabe relativamente à sua reintegração no mercado de trabalho, tanto por parte
de ex-presidiários como de recrutadores.
Neste sentido, a presente investigação propõe avaliar se existem diferenças na
perceção da importância de um conjunto de competências para a integração no mercado de
trabalho entre reclusos e recrutadores. Paralelamente, a importância atribuída às
competências em análise será também avaliada em cada grupo, tendo em conta um conjunto
de características próprias dos grupos - reclusos e recrutadores.
Para isso, foi solicitada a participação de um total de 393 participantes,
especificados em 199 recrutadores (M = 37.15 anos; DP = 10.891) e 194 reclusos (M = 38.32
anos; DP = 9.966), através do preenchimento de questionários particulares que pretendiam,
em ambas as condições, avaliar o grau de importância de 34 competências para a (re)inserção
no mercado de trabalho. Os resultados obtidos verificaram diferenças estatisticamente
significativas em 26 competências, maioritariamente, percecionadas por reclusos (N=24) em
comparação com recrutadores (N=2), ecoando-se o papel das organizações na redução da
reincidência criminal e reforço da inclusão e consciencialização no mundo laboral.ABSTRACT: This year, the inmate movement ratio is expected to be reinforced by the departure
of 4,000 to 5,000 people due to expiry of sentence, acquittal or parole. However, little is
known about their reintegration into the labor market, either by ex-prisoners and recruiters.
In this sense, the present research proposes to assess whether there are differences in
the perception of the importance of a set of skills for labor market integration between
prisoners and recruiters. At the same time, the importance attributed to the skills under
analysis will also be assessed in each group, taking into account a set of characteristics
specific to the groups - inmates and recruiters.
For this purpose, a total of 393 participants were asked to participate, specified in
199 recruiters (M = 37.15 years; SD = 10.891) and 194 inmates (M = 38.32 years; SD =
9.966), by filling in particular questionnaires that intended, in both conditions, to assess the
degree of importance of 34 skills for (re)insertion in the labor market. The results showed
statistically significant differences in 26 skills, mostly perceived by inmates (N=24)
compared to recruiters (N=2), echoing the role of organizations in reducing criminal
recidivism and strengthening inclusion and awareness in the world of work
A relação entre as atitudes e práticas parentais na motivação e rendimento académicos dos alunos do 3º e 4º ano
No full textDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação do Professor Doutor Francisco Peixoto, apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia da Educação.Este estudo teve como principal obejtivo compreender as relações entre as atitudes
parentais, a motivação e o desempenho académico dos alunos, bem como as práticas
parentais e a motivação dos alunos, especificamente na disciplina de matemática.
Adicionalmente, procurou-se investigar se existiam diferenças significativas nas práticas
parentais com base no género dos alunos e no género dos pais.
Participaram no estudo 1839 alunos do 3º e 4º ano de escolaridade e respetivos
encarregados de educação. Os alunos responderam a um Questionário da Motivação
(Escala Expetativa-Valor) e dois Testes de Matemática para avaliar o desempenho
académico das crianças. Os encarregados de educação repsonderam a um questionário
que incluía medidas de atitudes, e práticas educativas parentias relacionadas com a
matemática.
Os resultados obtidos revelaram que as atitudes dos pais estão significativamente
e positivamente relacionadas com o desempenho académico dos alunos. No que concerne
à motivação, as atitudes dos pais estão significativamente relacionadas com as dimensões
da motivação dos alunos, com exceção da dimensão “Valor de Realização”. Observou-se
que o mindset (fixo) dos pais está associado negativamente e significativamente com o
desempenho académico das crianças. Relativamente às práticas parentais, as práticas de
estrutura (controlo) estão negativamente e significativamente associadas com as
dimensões “Valor de Utilidade” e “Perceção de Competência” da escala de motivação. A
prática de suporte está apenas significativamente associada com a dimensão “Perceção de
Competência”. Quanto à motivação dos alunos, verificou-se que todas as dimensões estão
relacionadas significativamente com o rendimento académico dos alunos, com exceção
da dimensão “Valor de Realização”.
Adicionalmente, os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a prática de suporte
apresentou diferenças significativas no que diz respeito ao género dos alunos e dos pais,
sendo esta prática mais utilizada pelos pais e com as crianças do sexo feminino.ABSTRACT: This study's main objective was to understand the relationships between parental
attitudes, motivation and academic performance of students, as well as parental practices
and student motivation, specifically in the subject of mathematics. Additionally, we
sought to investigate whether there were significant differences in parental practices
based on the gender of students and parents.
1839 3rd and 4th year students and their guardians participated in the study. Students
responded to a Motivation Questionnaire (Expectation-Value Scale); and two
Mathematics Tests to assess children's academic performance. Parents responded to a
questionnaire that included measures of attitudes and parental educational practices
related to mathematics.
The results obtained revealed that parents' attitudes are significantly and positively
related to students' academic performance. Regarding motivation, parents' attitudes are
significantly related to the dimensions of student motivation, with the exception of the
“Achievement Value” dimension. It was observed that parents' (fixed) mindset is
negatively and significantly associated with children's academic performance. Regarding
parental practices, structure (control) practices are negatively and significantly associated
with the “Utility Value” and “Perception of Competence” dimensions of the motivation
scale. Support practice is only significantly associated with the “Perception of
Competence” dimension. Regarding student motivation, it was found that all dimensions
are significantly related to students' academic performance, with the exception of the
“Achievement Value” dimension.
Additionally, the results of this study showed that the support practice presented
significant differences with regard to the gender of students and parents, with this practice
being more used by parents and with female children
Os dilemas vivenciados durante o luto antecipatório pelos cuidadores familiares
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado realizada
sob a orientação da Professora Doutora
Manuela Alexandra de Moura
Coelho, apresentada no Ispa –
Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia
Clínica.Introdução: Há evidência de que a experiência dos cuidadores familiares (CF) em cuidados
paliativos é geralmente acompanhada de elevado distress emocional, para o qual contribuem
os múltiplos dilemas associados ao cuidar em fim-de-vida. No entanto, a literatura sobre esta
vivência ainda é escassa. Sendo este um aspeto passível de modificação através de intervenção
psicológica, é essencial desenvolver mais investigação sobre a natureza dos dilemas do
cuidador. Objetivo: Estudar os dilemas vivenciados pelos cuidadores familiares de doentes em
cuidados paliativos ao longo do luto pré-morte. Método: Foi utilizada uma abordagem
qualitativa através da análise temática dos dados obtidos em entrevistas semiestruturadas
realizadas a 31 CF de pacientes acompanhados em cuidados paliativos no Centro Hospitalar
Universitário Lisboa Norte. Resultados e conclusão: Foram encontrados diversos dilemas
relacionados com o fim de vida do seu familiar, tendo estes sido agrupados em 4 grandestemas:
(a) Como lidar com a doença?; (b) Onde é o meu lugar?; (c) Qual é o meu papel? e (d) Como
será o meu futuro? Estes resultados contribuem para uma melhor identificação das dificuldades
dos CF durante o luto antecipatório, no sentido de minimizar os sentimentos negativos que daí
resultam, e assim promover a qualidade dos cuidados e o bem-estar desta população de risco.ABSTRACT: Introduction: There are evidence that the experience of family caregivers (CF) in palliative
care is usually accompanied by high emotional distress, associated with multiple dilemmas
surrounding the “end-of-life care” problematic. However, the literature on this is still lacking.
As this is a problematic that concerns psychological intervention, it is imperative to conduct
additional research on nature of caregiver dilemmas. Objective: To study the dilemmas
experienced by family caregivers of patients in palliative care during pre-death bereavement.
Method: A qualitative approach was used through the thematic analysis of data obtained in
semi-structured interviews conducted with 31 family carers of patients in palliative care at the
Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte. Results and conclusion: Several dilemmas related to the end
of life of their family member were identified, and were organized into 4 major categories: (a)
How to deal with the disease?; (b) Where is my place?; (c) What is my role? and (d) What will
my future be like? The results of this study are expected to contribute to the creation of a fresh
framework for psychological intervention, aimed at assessing, addressing, and identifying the
challenges faced by CF. These findings will help minimize the negative feelings that result
from anticipatory grief, improving the quality of care and promoting the wellbeing of CF