Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Detection of invasive fish species with passive acoustics: Discriminating between native and non-indigenous sciaenids
Get PDFInvasive alien species have been rising exponentially in the last decades impacting biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The soniferous weakfish, Cynoscion regalis, is a recent invasive sciaenid species in the Iberian Peninsula and was first reported in the Tagus estuary in 2015. There is concern about its possible impacts on native species, namely the confamiliar meagre, Argyrosomus regius, as there is overlap in their feeding regime, habitat use, and breeding behaviour. Here, we characterised the sciaenid-like sounds recently recorded in the Tagus estuary and showed that they are made by weakfish as they have similar numbers of pulses and pulse periods to the sounds made by captive breeding weakfish. We further demonstrate that breeding grunts from weakfish and the native sciaenid, recorded either in captivity or Tagus estuary, differ markedly in sound duration, number of pulses and pulse period in the two species, but overlap in their spectral features. Importantly, these differences are easily detected through visual and aural inspections of the recordings, making acoustic recognition easy even for the non-trained person. We propose that passive acoustic monitoring can be a cost-effective tool for in situ mapping of weakfish outside its natural distribution and an invaluable tool for early detection and to monitor its expansion.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Bibliotecas do ensino superior e o Covid-19: Avaliação da satisfação dos estudantes
Get PDFAs bibliotecas do ensino superior visam proporcionar o acesso à informação a estudantes, professores e
investigadores, garantindo a sua satisfação. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a satisfação dos
estudantes de três instituições do ensino superior em Portugal sobre a resposta das suas bibliotecas em período de
pandemia Covid-19; e avaliar se estes se consideraram preparados para pesquisar, avaliar e gerir a informação
recuperada, quando trabalharam de forma autónoma e dependeram exclusivamente de conteúdos digitais. Foi
realizado um questionário online, sobre o grau de satisfação face às bibliotecas e aos recursos eletrónicos
disponibilizados e a auto-percepção das suas competências de informação. A maioria dos estudantes está satisfeita
com o acesso aos recursos eletrónicos remotamente; os maiores níveis de insatisfação estão associados à B-ON; a
maioria desconhece a disponibilidade de algumas bases de dados, como as subscritas pela instituição; parece existir
uma perceção favorável face a pesquisar, citar e referenciar, mas constata-se o contrário na análise qualitativa dos
dados; os mestrandos revelam maior segurança de conhecimentos comparativamente aos estudantes de
licenciatura. É necessário aumentar a cobertura, a divulgação e a formação nos recursos eletrónicos das instituições
de ensino superior enquanto estratégia formativa e pedagógica e formalmente concretizá-la em política educativa.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Health literacy : a key to social change for better health and well-being
Get PDFAbstract: Health literacy entails the knowledge, motivation, and competencies to access, understand, appraise, and apply information to form judgement and make decisions concerning health care, disease prevention and health promotion in everyday life to maintain and promote quality of life during the life course, often with support of health providers. Amidst the pandemic, we needed to find new ways of keeping ourselves fit, changing the way we interacted with others in order not to get infected, keeping focus on hygiene and physical distances, following the new research that was shared about the virus and the disease, and yet, being aware of fake news and silo-thinking. At times, it has been tiresome and lonely to be part of the disruptive new ways of living; yet also a reminder about what really matters, namely the good
life with work, family and friends. Even before the pandemic, there were threats to the good life. The burden of non-communicable diseases was growing, the adherence to health education was lacking; and new digital habits hampered physical activity, particularly among children and adolescents.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Predictors of changing patterns of adherence to containment measures during the early stage of COVID-19 pandemic: an international longitudinal study
Get PDFABSTRACT: Background Identifying common factors that afect public adherence to COVID-19 containment measures can
directly inform the development of ofcial public health communication strategies. The present international longitu‑
dinal study aimed to examine whether prosociality, together with other theoretically derived motivating factors (selfefcacy, perceived susceptibility and severity of COVID-19, perceived social support) predict the change in adherence
to COVID-19 containment strategies.
Method In wave 1 of data collection, adults from eight geographical regions completed online surveys beginning in
April 2020, and wave 2 began in June and ended in September 2020. Hypothesized predictors included prosociality,
self-efcacy in following COVID-19 containment measures, perceived susceptibility to COVID-19, perceived sever‑
ity of COVID-19 and perceived social support. Baseline covariates included age, sex, history of COVID-19 infection
and geographical regions. Participants who reported adhering to specifc containment measures, including physical
distancing, avoidance of non-essential travel and hand hygiene, were classifed as adherence. The dependent variable
was the category of adherence, which was constructed based on changes in adherence across the survey period and
included four categories: non-adherence, less adherence, greater adherence and sustained adherence (which was
designated as the reference category).
Results In total, 2189 adult participants (82% female, 57.2% aged 31–59 years) from East Asia (217 [9.7%]), West Asia
(246 [11.2%]), North and South America (131 [6.0%]), Northern Europe (600 [27.4%]), Western Europe (322 [14.7%]),
Southern Europe (433 [19.8%]), Eastern Europe (148 [6.8%]) and other regions (96 [4.4%]) were analyzed. Adjustedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Social robots as health promoting agents: An application of the health action process approach to human-robot interaction at the workplace
No full textABSTRACT: Technological innovations may have the potential to improve health behavior interventions at the workplace.
Using a robot as a health communicator who interacts with target individuals may be sometimes superior to
human change agents. Embedded in a health behavior theory that accounts for motivational and volitional
processes, an innovative study has been designed to explore operating principles and intervention effects in the
domains of dietary habits, tobacco consumption, physical inactivity, and stress and anxiety. A single-arm
intervention with two assessment points in time, one month apart, has been conducted with 37 employees.
They were confronted with a robot that delivered a supportive interaction with the study participants addressing
one of the four behavioral domains. The intervention content was pre-tested and inspired by the health action
process approach (HAPA). Self-report measures of all social-cognitive constructs such as self-efficacy, outcome
expectancies, risk perception, behavioral intentions, and planning were applied. Pre-post comparisons confirmed
the assumption of improved scores on motivational and volitional outcome variables. Moreover, mediation
analyses underscored the pivotal role of behavioral intentions that translated motivational antecedents into
volitional outcomes. The intervention study highlighted the innovative potential that robots may have when it
comes to design theory-based health promotion strategies at the workplace. Moreover, results also confirmed
basic assumptions of the health action process approach.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Diagnóstico à literacia da informação de estudantes de ensino superior: Um estudo de caso em Macau
Get PDFO presente estudo faz parte de uma investigação mais alargada que pretende i) estudar, numa população estudantil de ensino superior, as suas necessidades e comportamento perante a informação e ii) desenvolver um programa de formação em literacia da informação, integrando este conhecimento e os contributos dos diversos intervenientes (estudantes, docentes, bibliotecários). Sabemos hoje que a integração da literacia da informação nas aprendizagens melhora o desempenho dos estudantes e que, por esse motivo, os bibliotecários académicos podem desempenhar um papel importante ao colaborarem no desenho e formação de programas nestas áreas. Esta comunicação apresenta a primeira fase deste estudo. Trata-se da aplicação de um inquérito por questionário a uma população de estudantes de graduação, no ensino superior, em Macau. Os resultados demonstram as perceções dos estudantes relativamente às suas necessidades de informação, bem como o uso dos recursos informativos preferidos na prossecução dos seus estudos. A formação destes estudantes na pesquisa, recuperação, análise e uso da informação parece ser essencial. A construção de programas de formação em literacia da informação deve ser concebida à medida, recorrendo-se a um diagnóstico próximo e efetivo. A par, é importante continuar a desenvolver ambientes físicos e virtuais que disponibilizem informação credível e que deem resposta às necessidades informacionais dos que os utilizam, apoiando a aprendizagem.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Psychometric properties of the university student engagement inventory among Chinese students
Get PDFAbstract
Purpose: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, student engagement in online learning has been a critical issue for all educational institutions. The university student engagement inventory (USEI) is the most used scale for assessing the construct of student engagement. The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the USEI among 1504 Chinese university students who completed a survey through an online platform between December 2020 and January 2021. Design/methodology/approach: In this cross-sectional study, content validity, construct validity and reliability of the scale were assessed. Findings: The results supported the three-factor model with acceptable goodness of fit (χ2 (71) = 369.717, p = 0.13, χ2/df = 5.207, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.967, normed fit index (NFI) = 0.960, Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.958, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.030, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) (90% CI) = 0.053 [0.049, 0.057]), good internal consistency and construct reliability (Cronbach's alpha and omega coefficient >0.70) and strong convergent validity. Also, the measurement invariance was confirmed across gender. Originality/value: This study showed that the 3-factor structure of USEI with Chinese university students had good construct validity, internal consistency and reliability. It could help measure student engagement in online learning in China. © 2023, Long She, Fatemeh Khoshnavay Fomani, João Marôco, Kelly-Ann Allen, Hamid Sharif Nia and Pardis Rahmatpour.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Políticas educativas das escolas na tomada de decisão da retenção escolar
No full textA retenção escolar é uma tomada de decisão enquadrada num conjunto de documentos orientadores definidos quer pelo Ministério de Educação quer pela escola. Este estudo procurou compreender de que forma estes documentos guiam a tomada de decisão da retenção no 2.º ano de escolaridade. Foi realizada uma análise dos documentos orientadores de 68 escolas da Região da Madeira, Portugal. Foram analisados os objetivos definidos no projeto educativo, os critérios e requisitos exigidos na decisão da retenção e a formalização do acompanhamento pedagógico antes e após a retenção. Os dados recolhidos indicam que as orientações gerais do Ministério de Educação são contempladas nas políticas das escolas. No entanto, a maioria das escolas, inclusivamente as escolas que pretendem reduzir o uso da retenção, não especificam critérios ou requisitos, além dos já definidos pela legislação, que possam ajudar os professores a tomar a decisão sobre a retenção, nem definem planos de acompanhamento individual para os alunos uma vez retidos. Estes resultados são coerentes com as informações recolhidas junto de 294 professores questionados sobre os planos de retenção da escola. Considera-se pertinente a discussão das políticas de retenção ao nível de escola, para proporcionar uma maior qualidade na tomada de decisão da retenção escolarABSTRACT:Abstract: In Portugal, grade retention is a decision made within a set of guiding documents defined either by the Ministry of Education or by the school. This study sought to understand how the schools’ regulatory documents guidedthe decision-making of second-grade retention. An analysis of the regulatory documents of 68 schools in the Region of Madeira, Portugal, was carried out. The objectives defined in the educational project; the criteria and requirements required in the retention decision; and the formalization of pedagogical complement beforeand after retention were analyzed. The data indicate that the general guidelines of the Ministry of Education on retention are included in the educational policies of schools. However, most schools, including schools that intend to reduce the use of retention, do not specify criteria or requirements other than those already defined by legislation, which could help teachers make decisionsabout retention, nor do they formalize pedagogical complements for students once retained. These results are consistent with those obtained from 294 primary teachers questioned about the schools’ retention plans. It is considered relevant to discuss retention policies at the school level to provide higher quality decision-making regarding grade retention.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Key issues in assessing threats to sea turtles: Knowledge gaps and future directions
Get PDFSea turtles are an iconic group of marine megafauna that have been exposed to multiple anthropogenic threats across their different life stages, especially in the past decades. This has resulted in population declines, and consequently many sea turtle populations are now classified as threatened or endangered globally. Although some populations of sea turtles worldwide are showing early signs of recovery, many still face fundamental threats. This is problematic since sea turtles have important ecological roles. To encourage informed conservation planning and direct future research, we surveyed experts to identify the key contemporary threats (climate change, direct take, fisheries, pollution, disease, predation, and coastal and marine development) faced by sea turtles. Using the survey results and current literature, we also outline knowledge gaps in our understanding of the impact of these threats and how targeted future research, often involving emerging technologies, could close those gaps.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Preliminary perceived intervention changes and engagement in an evidence-based program targeted at behavioral inhibition during early childhood, delivered in-person and online
Get PDFIntroduction: Behavioral inhibition during early childhood is one of the strongest
risk factors for the development of later anxiety disorders. Recently developed in-
person interventions that target both young children who are highly inhibited and
their parents (e.g., the Turtle Program), have decreased children’s anxiety and have
increased social participation in the peer group. However, researchers have yet
to examine the eects of intervention mode of delivery. In the present study, we
compared the pre-to post-intervention changes in child and parenting functioning
of families participating in the Turtle Program, delivered in-person and online with
those changes made in families allocated to a waiting-list condition; compared
session attendance, homework completion and satisfaction with the intervention
outcomes of families involved in the Turtle Program, delivered in-person and
online; and explored the predictive role of parenting and child factors in session
attendance, homework completion and satisfaction with the outcomes of families
involved in the Turtle Program, depending on the mode of delivery (in-person vs.
online).
Method: Fifty-seven parents of highly inhibited preschoolers (3–5 years), with no
diagnosis of selective mutism or developmental disorders, who were randomly
allocated to waiting-list (n = 20), Turtle Program delivered in-person (n = 17) and
online (n = 20) conditions completed the Portuguese versions of the Behavioral
Inhibition Questionnaire, the Preschool Anxiety Scale, the Social Behavior and
Competence Scale, the Modified Child-Rearing Practices Questionnaire at pre-
and post-intervention assessment. Parents also completed the Preschool Shyness
Study Satisfaction Survey at post-intervention assessment.
Results: Independent of intervention mode of delivery, generalized equation
estimates revealed a reduction in children’s total anxiety symptoms and
an improvement in parental nurturing behaviors. Child anxiety and social
competence at pre-assessment were the most prominent predictors of session
attendance and satisfaction with post-intervention child and parenting outcomes.
Discussion: Overall, this study showed that parents in both intervention conditions
perceived comparable positive changes in child functioning from pre- to post-
intervention assessment and similar levels of session attendance, homework
completion, and satisfaction. Significantly, however, perceived satisfaction with post-intervention child and parenting outcomes was higher, when children were
reported to display higher SEL skills at baseline, independent of the intervention
mode of delivery.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio