Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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The oral health impact profile and well-being on mothers and preschool children
Get PDFObjectives to verify the contribution of mothers’ oral health impact profile to their children’s oral health profile and
the contribution of mothers’ well-being and the caries index (dmft) to children’s well-being.
Methods This is a cross-sectional observational study. Mothers and pre-school children enrolled in public schools in
the municipality of Araraquara-SP took part. The Oral Health Impact Profile Questionnaire (OHIP-14), Satisfaction with
Life Scale (SWLS), Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and the Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant
Imagé (AUQEI) were used. To diagnose caries, a clinical examination was carried out to calculate the dmft index. Path
analysis was carried out and the path coefficients were estimated (β) and evaluated using the z-test (α=5%).
Results 443 children took part (5.19±0.64 years; 52.4% boys) with an mean dmft of 1.31±2.19. The mean age of
the mothers was 33.4±7.01 years. There was a significant impact of dmft and maternal well-being on the child’s
subjective well-being (s2
explained=43%). The mothers’ oral health impact profile and the child’s caries experience
had a significant influence on both the child (OHIP: β=0.22; p<0.001; dmft: β=0.48; p<0.001) and the family (OHIP:
β=0.29; p<0.001; dmft: β=0.32; p<0.001). The child’s dmft (β=-0.10; p=0.005) and the mothers’ subjective well-being
(β=-0.61; p<0.001) had a significant impact on the child’s subjective well-being.
Conclusion The mothers’ oral health impact profile and the child’s caries experience had an impact on both the
child and the family. Mothers’ subjective well-being and caries experience should be considered when assessing the
subjective well-being of Brazilian preschool childreninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Mental health in times of pandemic from the perspective of professors and students
Get PDFIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought profound societal changes and disruptions, including in the education system, which underwent swift modifications. It presented unique challenges for both professors and students, contributing to an increase in the prevalence of mental health-related symptoms.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of mental health disorders symptoms, coping strategies, and concerns among students (≥18 years) and professors at different times during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This was an online cross-sectional study (Student: N = 6,609; Phase 1 = 3,325; Phase 2 = 1,402; Phase 3 = 1,882; Professor: N = 9,096; Phase 1 = 3,924; Phase 2 = 2,223; Phase 3 = 2,949). Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R), and BriefCOPE inventory were used. The probability of presenting the symptoms was calculated by multiple logistic regression and odds ratio (OR).
Results: The prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and distress symptoms among students and professors was high (≥59.5% and ≥ 33.5%, respectively). Students, women, and those diagnosed with a mental disorder were more likely to have symptoms or distress. In the face of the pandemic, professors used more adaptive coping strategies than students. Health was the focus of professors’ concerns, while for students, future and labor market uncertainty were concerns derived from the health core.
Conclusion: The results point to the need to strengthen psychosocial support for both professors and students.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Group Intervention Program to Facilitate Post-Traumatic Growth and Reduce Stigma in HIV
Get PDFBackground: Research on post-traumatic growth (PTG) and HIV is scarce and the relationship between PTG and stigma is controversial. Group psychotherapeutic interventions to facilitate PTG in clinical samples are effective but none exist to simultaneously decrease stigma in the HIV population. The main objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention in increasing PTG and decreasing stigma in HIV, as well as to explore relationships between the variables. Methods: Quasi-experimental design with a sample of 42 HIV-positive adults (M = 46.26, SD = 11.90). The experimental group (EG) was subjected to a 9-week group intervention. Instruments: CBI, PTGI-X, PSS-10, HIV stigma, emotional expression, HIV stress indicators, HIV literacy, and skills. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the variables. Results: There was an increase in PTG and a significant decrease in stigma in all domains and subscales in the EG. Compared to the control group, stigma (t(42) = −3.040, p = 0.004) and negative self-image (W = −2.937, p = 0.003) were significant, showing the efficacy of the intervention. Discussion: The intervention demonstrated success in facilitating PTG, attesting that in order to increase PTG, personal strength, and spiritual change, it is necessary to reduce stigma and negative self-image. The research provides more information on group interventions for PTG in HIV, relationships between variables, and population-specific knowledge for professionals.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Contextual similarities in psychological flexibility: The Brazil-Portugal transcultural adaptation of Psy-Flex
Get PDFPsychological Flexibility is an essential concept in Contextual Behavioural Sciences. The development of instruments is vital for its study, and it is an opportunity to reflect on this concept. Among the measures of this construct, Psy-Flex shows promise due to comprehensiveness in assessing the six facets of psychological flexibility and its pragmatic value. In the present study, we sought to translate Psy-Flex to Portuguese and adapt it transculturally for use in Portugal and Brazil. The translation was done independently by Brazilian and Portuguese researchers, and a consensus procedure was done to identify a synthesis. A total of 873 adults from Portugal and Brazil were involved in this study. The participants completed several questionnaires with ACT-related measures (e.g., cognitive fusion, mindful attention) and instruments measuring conceptually related variables (e.g., positive mental health). The results show good psychometric properties of PsyFlex. The one-factor structure of the original instrument was confirmed in both the Portuguese and Brazilian samples. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a good fit of the model to the data (CFI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.055) of both countries. Furthermore, the Psy-Flex showed convergent validity with related measures in a conceptually expected way. As a transcultural instrument, we argue that both the similarities and differences across samples suggest the broad human nature of psychological flexibility while retaining its context sensitivity.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
From grief to growth: The role of coping strategies, kinship and cause of death
Get PDFBackground: Research has predominantly focused on the post-traumatic consequences of grief. Less is known about the factors associated with the capacity for
recovery and growth. Objective: The main goal of this study is to analyse the mediating role of coping strategies in the relationship between the impact of the event and
posttraumatic growth, considering the degree of kinship and the cause of death.
Methods: This exploratory and correlational study, which used a cross-sectional
design, involved a community sample of 889 adults who had lost a loved one. Results:
Emotion and problem-focused coping strategies mediate the relationship between the
impact of loss and posttraumatic growth, specifically when a spouse or a child dies.
Conclusions: Individuals who experience greater suffering also undergo higher levels
of post-traumatic growth. Coping strategies are crucial in post-trauma reconstruction
and growth. Furthermore, the degree of kinship and the cause of death are decisive
factors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
How does the presence of others influence control inhibition? Contradictory evidence using an antisaccade and stop signal task
Get PDFInhibitory control (IC) is defined as the (in)ability to change, suppress, or delay a
response that is no longer required under the current circumstances. This ability was
previously argued to increase in social contexts, based on Stroop’s performance,
showing that participants performed the Stroop task better in others’ presence than
alone. In this paper, we extend the testing of this same hypothesis to the use of two
other tasks that Mitake et al. (2000) show to grasp the same IC ability; the Antisaccade
and Stop signal tasks. If Stroop’s performance was capturing the impact of the presence
of others on CI abilities, the effect would generalize to performance on these tasks.
This hypothesis was only generally supported by stop signal task performance; those in
the presence condition were significantly more efficient than those in the alone
conditions. For the Antisaccade tasks, evidence shows that higher levels of interference
occurs in the presence of others condition for participants’ fastest responses We
discuss how this evidence contributes to the literature suggesting that the two tasks
may index different constructs.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Emotion goals, emotion regulation, and mental health: A mediational hypothesis
Get PDFObjective
Until recently, studies have focused their attention on the different ways individuals regulate their emotions. What remains to be known are the reasons underlying individuals’ emotion regulation choices and their consequences. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to provide preliminary evidence on individual differences in how emotion goals, emotion regulation strategy choice, and individuals’ mental health are associated.
Method
A sample of 400 Portuguese adults from the community was used.
Results
Pro-hedonic goals were associated with the use of less suppression, more emotion communication, and more positive reappraisal, which in turn were associated with better mental health. Contra-hedonic goals were associated with the use of more suppression and less positive reappraisal, which in turn were associated with worse mental health. Finally, impression management goals were associated with the use of more suppression and more rumination, and less emotion communication, which in turn were associated with worse mental health.
Conclusions
Overall, our findings seem to suggest that emotion goals are linked to individuals’ mental health via emotion regulation strategies.
KEY POINTS
What is already known about this topic:
(1) Emotion regulation has important implications for the individuals’ psychological well-being.
(2) Emotion goals are likely to influence emotion regulation strategy choice.
(3) Emotion goals seem to influence individual’s psychological well-being.
What this topic adds:
(1) Pro-hedonic goals were associated with the use of less suppression, more emotion communication, and more positive reappraisal which in turn were associated with better mental health.
(2) Contra-hedonic goals were linked to depression and anxiety via the use of more suppression and less positive reappraisal.
(3) Impression management goals were linked to depression, anxiety, and stress via the use of more suppression, more rumination, and less emotion communication.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Understanding job satisfaction and occupational stressors of distinctive roles in zoos and aquariums
Get PDFAbstract: For professionals caring for humans or non-human animals, many joys are to be found
in working towards what an individual believes to be their calling, especially as they contribute to
purposeful, meaningful work consistent with and intrinsic to their own values and beliefs. However, there can be downfalls. Empathic strain, conflict between co-workers, dissatisfaction with
upper management, lack of opportunities to make positive changes, limited or no access to level
and experience-appropriate professional development, and other stressors are all risks carried by
organisations concerned with animal welfare. In the present study, a survey on job satisfaction and
workplace stressors was completed by 311 zoo and aquarium professionals working in a range of
roles from junior animal care staff to curator. Respondent profiles were created using Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and four distinct clusters were identified through Hierarchical Clustering
on Principal Components (HCPC), highlighting common themes in different levels of experience and
in job roles regarding stressors, satisfaction, and feelings about their work and workplaces. Overall,
many zoo professionals were concerned with lacking the ability to feel empowered to do their best
for animal welfare, and they described a link between the staff welfare and their perceptions of the
welfare of the animals they cared for. Through identifying and understanding where organisations
can better support their staff it is possible to target and reduce the number of common stressors faced
by zoo professionals, leading to increased staff retention, higher job satisfaction, and an improved
ability to perform at their best for animal welfare.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O enriquecimento trabalho-extra trabalho como preditor da satisfação com a vida numa relação mediada pela satisfação com o trabalho e moderada pela autoliderança
No full textDissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa-Instituto Universitário, para a obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das OrganizaçõesEste estudo tem como propósito perceber em que medida o enriquecimento trabalho-extra
trabalho pode influenciar a satisfação com a vida através da satisfação com o trabalho e analisar o
papel moderador da autoliderança sobre essa mediação. É um problema pertinente uma vez que o
enriquecimento trabalho-extra trabalho e a satisfação com o trabalho se refletem no bem-estar individual das pessoas e no seu desempenho. A autoliderança, por sua vez, capacita os indivíduos para
se autogerirem, tomarem medidas proativas para os seus objetivos, se autoavaliarem e autoregularem, constituindo uma estratégia relevante para alcançar a satisfação com a vida.
A abordagem deste estudo é não-experimental, transversal e de carácter correlacional e os
dados foram recolhidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário online preenchido por 153 participantes voluntários.
Verificou-se que colaboradores com maior enriquecimento trabalho-extra trabalho apresentam maior satisfação com a vida e que a satisfação com o trabalho medeia parcialmente esta relação.
Os resultados deste estudo reforçam a importância do enriquecimento trabalho-extra trabalho associado à satisfação com a vida e explora um modelo ainda não estudado, que seja do nosso
conhecimento, de como as variáveis estão relacionadas, introduzindo a autoliderança como variável
moderadora. Os resultados sugerem iniciativas que os responsáveis das organizações podem vir a
implementar para proporcionarem maior enriquecimento na relação entre o tempo de trabalho e o
tempo extra-trabalho e assim contribuírem para aumentar a satisfação dos seus colaboradores, seja
esta no próprio trabalho ou na vida em geral.ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to understand to what extent work-life enrichment can influence
life satisfaction through job satisfaction and to analyze the moderating role of self-leadership on this
mediation. It is a pertinent problem since work-extra-work enrichment and job satisfaction are reflected in people's individual well-being and performance. Self-leadership, in turn, enables individuals to self-manage, take proactive steps towards their goals, self-assess and self-regulate, constituting a relevant strategy for achieving life satisfaction.
The approach is non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational. Data were collected by
means of an online questionnaire completed by 153 volunteer participants.
It was found that employees with higher work-extra-work enrichment have higher life satisfaction
and that job satisfaction partially mediates this relationship.
The results of this study reinforce the importance of work-life enrichment associated with
life satisfaction and, to our knowledge, explore a previously unstudied model of how the variables
are related, introducing self-leadership as a modifier. The results suggest initiatives that those in
charge of the organizations can implement to provide greater enrichment in the relationship between working time and non-working time, and thus contribute to increasing employee satisfaction,
whether at work or in life in general
As mudanças na área da violência doméstica contra as mulheres em Portugal
Get PDFTese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos
necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em
Psicologia na área de especialização de Psicologia
Comunitária,A investigação descrita nesta tese, intitulada “As Mudanças na Área da Violência
Doméstica Contra as Mulheres, em Portugal “, foi elaborada tendo em vista uma análise e
reflexão sobre a criação de respostas na área da violência doméstica contra as mulheres, em
Portugal.
Este é um estudo transversal, onde se procura analisar os vários componentes do
processo de mudança, tendo por pressuposto que, a violência doméstica contra as mulheres é
um problema que afeta toda a sociedade devendo, como tal, ser objeto de profundas mudanças
culturais e de intervenções abrangentes, promotoras do fortalecimento das sobreviventes.
Recorrendo a uma abordagem multi-métodos, pretendeu-se percecionar as perspetivas
de profissionais sobre os acontecimentos cruciais no processo de mudança da resposta à
violência doméstica contra as mulheres em Portugal; percecionar a perspetiva das sobreviventes
de violência doméstica sobre o impacto dessas mudanças nas suas vidas e explorar a prontidão
dos profissionais para intervirem nestas situações.
Para recolha de informação proveniente de várias fontes foi implementado um processo
por etapas visando: a recolha de evidências documentais; a realização de entrevistas a
profissionais(n=20) provenientes dos vários sistemas que são chamados a intervir (Justiça,
Policias, Saúde e Organizações de Base Comunitária), sobre os eventos críticos que mais
contribuíram para as mudanças na área da violência contra as mulheres em Portugal; a
realização de entrevistas a mulheres sobreviventes de situações de violência doméstica (n=12),
focando no impacto das reformas implementadas no seu percurso de vida e, a tradução,
validação e aplicação do Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey
(PREMIS) a profissionais (n=585) da Rede Nacional de Apoio a Vítimas de Violência
Doméstica.
Os resultados obtidos permitem-nos afirmar que em Portugal tem havido mudanças
significativas na área da violência doméstica contra as mulheres, ao nível das políticas públicas;
da legislação; dos serviços e recursos de apoio e de campanhas para a sensibilização da opinião
pública. No entanto, a intervenção continua a ser individual ou familiar, reativa, centrada nos
profissionais, sendo as sobreviventes percecionadas como recetoras passivas dos serviços.
Assim, continua a ser necessário promover mudanças na área da violência doméstica pois é
fundamental que as respostas se tornem mais flexíveis tendo em conta a diversidade de cada
sobrevivente, que os profissionais passem a considerar as sobreviventes como colaboradoras
ativas dos processos de mudança, investir no desenvolvimento de parcerias colaborativas
promotoras do empowerment comunitário e investir numa abordagem pró-ativa, através de
estratégias de prevenção.ABSTRACT: The Thesis under consideration has the title “the Changes in Domestic Violence against
Women in Portugal”, aiming to contribute to the analysis of the Portuguese societal responses
to domestic violence against women.
This cross-sectional study analysis the various social change components, starting from
the premises that domestic violence against women is a prevalent problem that affects
communities, that must be tackled by profound cultural changes and interventions that promote
survivor’s empowerment.
To gather information on professional’s perspectives on implemented reforms;
survivor’s perspectives on the impact of those reforms and, to explore professionals’ readiness
to intervene, we used a mixed-methods approach, that combines qualitative and quantitative
methodologies.
A step-by-step research process was conducted to gather different sources of
information: collection of documental evidences on reforms; in depth interviews with
professionals (n=20), from different intervening systems (Justice; Police; Healthcare and
Community-based Organizations), on the main events that occurred in Portugal; in depth
interviews with women survivors of domestic violence (n=12), focusing on the impacts of
reforms of their paths; and the translation, validation and application Physician Readiness to
Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) to intervening professionals (n=585),
from the national domestic violence services network.
Results show that, regarding domestic violence against women, significant changes
have occurred in Portugal. There were public policies, new legislations, a network of local
services and programs were created and awareness raising events were organized. However,
the intervention focus is on providing services for individuals or families, reactive to violent
events and professionally centered. Survivors are passive subjects of interventions.
Being so, efforts to push forward changes must be made for a more effective
intervention. Societal response to survivors must be more flexible and considered of women’s
diversity. Professional should start considering survivors as active participants in the change
processes. Collaborative community coalitions, that promote empowerment, must be further
developed. Finally, broader preventive and pro-active strategies at community level are needed