Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Conservation challenges imposed by evolutionary history and habitat suitability shifts of endangered freshwater mussels under a global climate change scenario
Get PDFClimate change and associated shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns have become an increasing concern as drivers of ongoing biodiversity loss. The Mediterranean region is particularly vulnerable, being both a biodiversity hotspot and a region very prone to desertification. Freshwater mussels are amongst the most threatened invertebrate taxa worldwide. Unio tumidiformis is an endemic and endangered species restricted to the southern Iberian Peninsula, living in temporary Mediterranean-type streams. Freshwater mussels need a fish host for successful larval transformation, meaning U. tumidiformis must belong to the genus Squalius. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the vulnerability of U. tumidiformis to climate change, by studying its population genetics and evolutionary history, its current and future habitat suitability, and that of its hosts. Genetic population structure and diversity were assessed using Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms through Genotyping by Sequencing and used to infer species evolutionary history. The species potential distribution was modeled using an ensemble forecasting approach, and future shifts in habitat suitability were assessed with the projected climate data layers from Worldclim. Most populations showed extreme genetic differentiation (Fst up to 0.745), even from close neighboring ones. Upper Guadiana populations were more diverse and less differentiated. We hypothesize that U. tumidiformis originated in Upper Guadiana and followed the same colonization routes as their hosts with numerous founder effects and bottlenecks. Our results also predicted a reduction of 99% of climatically suitable areas for U. tumidiformis in the Iberian Peninsula until 2040. For the fish hosts, a maximum 42% reduction in suitable areas was estimated throughout the century, with remaining adequate habitats in the north. Our results suggest that difficult conservation options are necessary, prioritizing the preservation of populations, translocations to the northern area of its historical range and stream engineering to increase resilience to droughts.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Beyond work: The role of “Family-Friendly” practices in the subjective well-being of teleworkers and on-site workers in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, telework emerged as a pivotal strategy to mitigate the spread of the virus. However, telework’s feasibility was contingent on job roles. This gave rise to two distinct groups: teleworkers and on-site workers. However, the impacts of social support and well-being extended to both groups. This study investigated the link between organisational and supervisory family support and subjective well-being, examining work engagement as a mediator. Conducted in Portugal, this cross-sectional study surveyed 515 individuals via web-based questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and multiple-group analysis. The findings revealed a positive correlation between perceived organisational family support (POFS) and work engagement for both groups. Additionally, perceived supervisory family support (PSFS) positively correlated with work engagement for telecommuters but not on-site workers. Furthermore, work engagement was positively associated with subjective well-being for both groups. Moreover, work engagement mediated the relationship between POFS and subjective well-being. This study enriches the literature by analysing POFS, PSFS, work engagement, and subjective well-being dynamics among teleworkers and on-site employees.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The relationship between fatigue, pruritus, and thirst distress with quality of life among patients receiving hemodialysis: a mediator model to test concept of treatment adherence
Get PDFHemodialysis is a conservative treatment for end-stage renal disease. It has various complications
which negatively afect quality of life (QOL). This study aimed to examine the relationship between
fatigue, pruritus, and thirst distress (TD) with QOL of patients receiving hemodialysis, while also
considering the mediating role of treatment adherence (TA). This cross-sectional study was carried
out in 2023 on 411 patients receiving hemodialysis. Participants were consecutively recruited from
several dialysis centers in Iran. Data were collected using a demographic information form, the Fatigue
Assessment Scale, the Thirst Distress Scale, the Pruritus Severity Scale, the 12-Item Short Form
Health Survey, and the modifed version of the Greek Simplifed Medication Adherence Questionnaire
for Hemodialysis Patients. Covariance-based structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.
The structural model and hypothesis testing results showed that all hypotheses were supported in
this study. QOL had a signifcant inverse association with fatigue, pruritus, and TD and a signifcant
positive association with TA. TA partially mediated the association of QOL with fatigue, pruritus,
and TD, denoting that it helped counteract the negative association of these complications on QOL.
This model explained 68.5% of the total variance of QOL. Fatigue, pruritus, and TD have a negative
association with QOL among patients receiving hemodialysis, while TA reduces these negative
associations. Therefore, TA is greatly important to manage the associations of these complications
and improve patient outcomes. Healthcare providers need to assign high priority to TA improvement
among these patients to reduce their fatigue, pruritus, and TD and improve their QOL. Further studies
are necessary to determine the most efective strategies for improving TA and reducing the burden of
complications in this patient population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Maternal cognitive functioning and psychopathology predict quality of parent-child relationship in the context of substance use disorder: A 15-month longitudinal study
Get PDFThis longitudinal study aimed to investigate the role of maternal cognitive functioning and psychopathology in parent-child relationship
quality during residential treatment for mothers with Substance Use Disorder (SUD), in order to identify factors that may enhance or limit
intervention effects.
We assessed cognitive functioning (Esame Neuropsicologico Breve-2 [ENB-2]) and psychopathology (Symptom Checklist-90 Revised
[SCL-90-R]) in 60 mothers diagnosed with SUD (Mage = 30.13 yrs; SD = 6.79) at treatment admission. Parent-child relationship quality
was measured during free-play interactions using the Emotional Availability Scales every three months from admission (Child
Mage = 17.17m; SD = 23.60) to the 15th month of the residential treatment.
A main effect of maternal psychopathology and an interaction effect of time and cognitive functioning were found. More maternal
psychopathology predicted lower mother-child relationship quality. Mothers with higher cognitive functioning presented a better treatment
trajectory, with an increase in mother-child relationship quality, whereas mothers with lower cognitive functioning showed a decrease in
relationship quality after initial improvement.
These findings suggest that maternal psychopathology and cognitive functioning may influence the treatment of parent-child relationships in
the context of SUD, although causality is not yet established. Implications for assessment and intervention are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
How we survived: older adults’ adjustment to the lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Get PDFOlder adults were found to be the most susceptible group to suffer the physical health consequences of a COVID-19 infection and were considered vulnerable to the negative effects of the lockdowns due to the COVID-19 pandemic, yet unlike many young adults did not generally experience an increased rate of mental health problems. Our study explored the strategies older adults in Portugal deployed during the mandatory lockdowns in 2020 and 2021. Qualitative interview data were collected with 22 older adults in relatively good health (aged between 66 and 92 years old; 36% women). Three main themes were identified via thematic analysis: (1) Finding things to do and activities that can protect me; (2) Identifying how my thoughts can protect me; and (3) Counting myself lucky – me and my home advantages. Some of the thematic strategies identified by older adults to manage pandemic and lockdown-related stresses related to meaning-centered coping could be further developed via cognitive behavioral therapies of the third wave.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Competencies and skills for tourism education advancement: A bibliometric analysis and literature review
No full textHow may we secure a more sustainable path, in future, for the tourism
industry? Following the Covid-19 pandemic, which made evident some frailties and
need for change in the tourism industry, the tourism scenario has evolved, and a great
deal of upskilling and reskilling is now necessary. Consumer attitudes have altered
and are now more focused on sustainable tourism and other such related themes. This
study is an attempt to shed light on competencies and skills for tourism education
advancement—whether by universities or by VET. Hence, a bibliometric analysis
was performed as was a literature review. The bibliometric analysis identified some
key themes using the VOS viewer tool and the Scopus database. Digital skills, soft
skills, emotional intelligence, but above all the ability to seek out what one needs
to know (ability to self-determine and be self-motivated), in the era of technology,
stand out. The literature review identified green skills (×4), global skills (×4), digital
skills (×6), and digital apps (×4)—related to competencies and skills for tourism
education/training advancement.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Competências essenciais para as Bibliotecas
Get PDFEsta comunicação baseia-se na exploração da interseção entre IA e LI, oferecendo insights sobre o cenário em evolução no Ensino Superior. Sintetiza de forma descritiva a literatura existente, propõe estratégias pedagógicas para integrar a literacia em IA com a LI e fornece orientação para os profissionais da informação navegarem pelas complexidades dos processos de ensino e aprendizagem orientados pela IA. Ao abordar o potencial transformador da IA e ao mesmo tempo enfatizar a importância de promover competências de pensamento crítico e consciência ética, esta comunicação contribui para avançar a compreensão no campo e promover a tomada de decisões informadas num ambiente académico cada vez mais digital.info:eu-repo/semantics/draf
Ocean protection quality is lagging behind quantity: Applying a scientific framework to assess real marine protected area progress against the 30 by 30 target
Get PDFThe international community set a global conservation target to protect at least30% of the ocean by 2030 (“30 × 30”) to reverse biodiversity loss, includingthrough marine protected areas (MPAs). However, varied MPAs result in sig-nificantly different conservation outcomes, making MPA coverage alone aninadequate metric. We used The MPA Guide framework to assess the the world’slargest 100 MPAs by area, representing nearly 90% of reported global MPA cov-erage and 7.3% of the global ocean area, and analyzed the distribution of MPAquality across political and ecological regions. A quarter of the assessed MPAcoverage is not implemented, and one-third is incompatible with the conserva-tion of nature. Two factors contribute to this outcome: (1) many reported MPAslack regulations or management, and (2) some MPAs allow high-impact activi-ties. Fully and highly protected MPAs account for one-third of the assessed areabut are unevenly distributed across ecoregions in part because some nations havedesignated large, highly protected MPAs in their overseas or remote territories.Indicators of MPA quality, not only coverage, are needed to ensure a global net-work of MPAs that covers at least 30% of the ocean and effectively safeguardsrepresentative marine ecosystems from destructive human activitiesFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
More than meets the gut: A prototype analysis of the lay conceptions of intuition and analysis
Get PDFUsing a prototype approach, we assessed people’s lay conceptions of intuition and
analysis. Open-ended descriptions of intuition and analysis were generated by
participants (Study 1) and resulting exemplars were sorted into features
subsequently rated in centrality by independent participants (Study 2). Feature
centrality was validated by showing that participants were quicker and more
accurate in classifying central (as compared to peripheral) features (Study 3).
Centrality ratings suggested a single-factor structure describing analysis but
revealed that participants held lay conceptions of intuition as involving two
different types of processes: (1) as an automatic, affective, and non-logical
processing, and (2) as a holistic processing that can assist in problem-solving.
Additional analyses showed that the centrality ratings of intuition’s facets were
predicted by participants’ self-reported intuitive style, suggesting intuition is
differently perceived by intuitive and non-intuitive people. We discuss the
implications of these results for the study of intuition and analysis.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnolotia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Para além das barreiras: Estratégias para a promoção de inclusão
No full textRelatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada apresentado no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar, criado por criado por Aviso n.º 9785/2022, publicado no Diário da República, 2.ª série, nº 93, 13 de maio de 2022.Este Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada foca-se nas estratégias de inclusão e na sua promoção em Educação Pré-escolar, refletindo sobre o papel do Educador de Infância e sobre os desafios enfrentados ao implementá-las, procurando estabelecer uma educação de qualidade. Visa, assim, construir um aprofundamento sobre esta temática, através da articulação entre o enquadramento teórico e as vivências do Estágio.
A investigação foi desenvolvida numa sala de Jardim de Infância com um grupo de vinte crianças com idades heterogéneas (4-5 anos), onde se encontram inseridas quatro crianças com diferentes perturbações do espetro do autismo, três já abrangidas pelo Decreto-Lei 54 de 2018.
Esta investigação, procurando responder às questões colocadas teve como base uma metodologia qualitativa, recorrendo as técnicas e instrumentos como a observação, que originou as notas de campo, entrevista semi-estruturada à educadora cooperante e análise documental.
Os resultados centraram-se na importância do papel do educador e da sua necessidade de apoio, humano e material, para implementar estratégias e adaptar o ambiente educativo conforme a faixa etária e a necessidade do grupo e de cada criança.
Através dos resultados obtidos é possível compreender como o meio envolvente, ambiente educativo e os recursos humanos são fundamentais para promover a legislação e o que é necessário para concretizar uma inclusão de qualidade.ABSTRACT: This Supervised Teaching Practice Report focuses on inclusion strategies and their promotion in Pre-school Education, reflecting on the role of the Early Childhood Educator and the challenges faced when implementing them, seeking to establish quality education. The aim is to provide an in-depth study of this subject, through the articulation between the theoretical framework and the experiences of the internship.
The research was carried out in a kindergarten classroom with a group of twenty children of heterogeneous ages (4-5 years), including four children with different autism spectrum disorders, three of whom are already covered by Decree-Law 54 of 2018.
This research, in an attempt to answer the research questions raised, was based on a qualitative methodology, using techniques and instruments such as observation, which led to field notes, a semi-structured interview with the co-operating teacher and document analysis.
The results centred on the importance of the educator's role and their need for support, both human and material, to implement strategies and adapt the educational environment according to the age group and the needs of the group and each child.
Through the results obtained, it is possible to understand how the environment, educational environment and human resources are fundamental to promoting legislation and what is needed to realise quality inclusion