Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Key recommendations for the implementation of policies concerning LGBTIQ+ children
No full textThe Colourful Childhoods project, funded by the
European Union, has been implemented in six
European Union countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy,
Lithuania, Portugal, and Spain) between 2022 and
2024. The project aimed to contribute to the development of effective strategies to prevent and combat all
forms of violence against LGBTIQ children in vulnerable and post-COVID contexts. This text discusses the
relevance of policies targeting LGBTIQ+ children,
identifies some of the primary needs of LGBTIQ+ children to inform the development of public policies that
enhance their well-being, presents the requirements of
professionals working with children to provide effective
support, and highlights political and legal needs. Additionally, the text provides recommendations that can
contribute to the well-being of LGBTIQ+ children.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Impacto de um programa de literacia emergente em crianças do pré-escolar
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia da EducaçãoEsta investigação tem como principal objetivo avaliar a eficácia de um Programa de Literacia Emergente, realizado em contexto de sala de aula, com crianças a frequentar o ensino pré-escolar. Neste sentido, pretende-se perceber o impacto que o programa possui relativamente a competências de consciência fonológica (ao nível da sílaba e do fonema), conhecimento do alfabeto, escrita e leitura, tendo em conta que esta última competência nunca foi trabalhada ao longo do programa. No estudo participaram 40 crianças com idades compreendidas entre os 5 e 6 anos de duas salas do ensino pré-escolar de um colégio privado, na região de Lisboa. Uma vez que este programa tinha como objetivo ser implementado em sala de aula, com o envolvimento do educador de infância, e para preservar o contexto naturalístico no qual foi desenvolvido, a uma das salas foi atribuído o grupo experimental e a outra o grupo de controlo, sendo esta atribuição feita aleatoriamente. Os grupos eram equivalentes em termos de idade, nível de instrução dos pais, nomeação rápida, consciência silábica e fonémica e conhecimento do alfabeto. O estudo realizou-se em três momentos específicos, mais concretamente: uma primeira fase de pré-testes, um segundo momento de implementação do Programa de Literacia Emergente e uma última fase de pós-testes. As crianças do grupo de controlo mantiveram as atividades normalmente utilizadas em contexto de sala e determinadas no projeto educativo do colégio para o pré-escolar. O programa experimental decorreu ao longo de 12 sessões, com frequência bissemanal e duração de 60 minutos por sessão e consistiu em tarefas diversificadas que trabalhavam, maioritariamente, consciência fonológica, conhecimento das letras e escritas inventadas. Os dados recolhidos no final da intervenção apontam para melhorias significativas no desempenho das crianças em todas as competências avaliadas, mostrando uma generalização dos conhecimentos para a leitura de palavras.ABSTRACT: The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of an Emergent Literacy Program, carried out in a classroom setting with pre-school children. The aim is to understand the program's impact on phonological awareness skills (at the syllable and phoneme level), knowledge of the alphabet, writing and reading, bearing in mind that the latter skill was never worked on during the program. The study involved 40 children aged between 5 and 6 from two pre-school classrooms in a private school in the Lisbon region. Since this program was intended to be implemented in the classroom, with the involvement of the kindergarten teacher, and in order to preserve the naturalistic context in which it was developed, one of the classrooms was assigned the experimental group and the other the control group, and this assignment was made randomly. The groups were equivalent in terms of age, parents' level of education, rapid naming, syllabic and phonemic awareness and knowledge of the alphabet. The study took place in three specific phases: a first pre-test phase, a second phase of implementing the Emergent Literacy Program and a final post-test phase. The children in the control group maintained the activities normally used in the classroom and determined in the school's educational project for pre-school. The experimental program took place over 12 sessions, twice a week and lasting 60 minutes per session. It consisted of a variety of tasks that mainly worked on phonological awareness, knowledge of letters and invented writing. The data collected at the end of the intervention points to significant improvements in the children's performance in all the skills assessed, showing a generalization of knowledge for reading words
Desempenho sustentável ou sustentabilidade de aparência? Um estudo sobre o impacto do greenwashing no desempenho dos colaboradores
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a
orientação do Professor Doutor Francisco Cesário
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Social e das
Organizações.O presente estudo teve como objetivo explorar a perceção das práticas de greenwashing e
a sua relação com o desempenho profissional. Ainda, procurou-se compreender se os
colaboradores com um maior compromisso ambiental pessoal e níveis mais elevados de
ceticismo são influenciados no seu desempenho quando percecionam que a organização para a
qual trabalham está envolvida em atividades de greenwashing. O desempenho foi avaliado tanto
em termos de comportamentos de cidadania organizacional como em desempenho de tarefa.
Para a realização desta investigação foi utilizada uma amostra de 154 indivíduos
trabalhadores, que completaram um questionário online composto por quatro escalas para medir
cada construto individualmente.
Os resultados desta pesquisa revelaram uma relação negativa significativa entre as
variáveis greenwashing e desempenho de tarefa, bem como entre a variável greenwashing e os
comportamentos de cidadania organizacional. No entanto, nenhum dos quatro testes de
moderação realizados apresentou efeitos estatisticamente significativos.
Este estudo apresenta diferentes contribuições para a literatura existente sobre
greenwashing e enfatiza a importância de as organizações prestarem atenção às suas mensagens,
alegações e produtos, a fim de garantir uma sustentabilidade genuína e atentarem ao impacto que
alegações falsas sobre o desempenho sustentável tem nos colaboradores. Este estudo contribui
também pela sua abordagem específica a colaboradores, diferenciando-se da maioria da literatura
sobre greenwashing, que se centra predominantemente nos consumidores.ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to explore the perception of greenwashing practices and its
relationship with job performance. Furthermore, it sought to understand whether employees with
a higher personal environmental commitment and high levels of skepticism are influenced in their
performance when they perceive that the organization they work for is engaged in greenwashing
activities. Performance was assessed in terms of both organizational citizenship behaviors and
task performance.
A sample of 154 working individuals completed an online questionnaire consisting of four
scales to measure each construct individually.
The results of this research revealed a significant negative relationship between
greenwashing variables and task performance, as well as between greenwashing and
organizational citizenship behaviors. However, none of the four moderation tests conducted
yielded statistically significant effects.
This study provides various contributions to the existing literature on greenwashing and
emphasizes the importance of organizations paying attention to their messages, claims, and
products to ensure genuine sustainability and consider the impact of false claims on sustainable
performance for employees. Moreover, this study differentiates itself by specifically focusing on
employees, distinguishing it from most of the greenwashing literature that predominantly centers
around consumers
The Lum emotional availability of parents scale among Portuguese adolescents: a psychometric evaluation
No full textEmotional availability of parents plays a crucial role in the psychological well-being and development of adolescents. However, previous studies have primarily focused on assessing maternal emotional availability. The Lum Emotional Availability of Parents (LEAP) scale was developed, considering both mothers’ and fathers’ emotional availability. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the LEAP scale among Portuguese adolescents (N = 202). The results confirmed the unifactorial structure of the LEAP scale. Convergent construct validity was supported. Specifically, adolescents’ perceptions of higher emotional availability from parents were related to better health-related quality of life. The LEAP scale also demonstrated small but positive associations with emotion regulation, with higher emotional availability being linked to lower use of expressive suppression and greater use of cognitive reappraisal. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the LEAP scale is a valid instrument for assessing adolescents’ perceptions of both mothers’ and fathers’ emotional availability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Beliefs, practices and support needs of preschool teachers toward shy‐withdrawn behaviours
No full textShy-withdrawn behaviours place preschoolers at increasedrisk of experiencing adverse developmental outcomes. Posi-tive teacher-child relationships play a protective role againstthese negative socioemotional outcomes. This study aimedto understand, in-depth, the beliefs, practices and supportneeds of preschool teachers toward shy-withdrawn children.Thirty preschool teachers of children aged 3–5 years wereinterviewed, using a semistructured guide. The thematic anal-ysis revealed that most preschool teachers were aware of themain manifestations, transactional influences and conse-quences of shy-withdrawn behaviours, and of the empiricallyvalidated strategies that may be useful to modify them.However, a noteworthy proportion of participants reportedmisconceptions about the intentionality of shy-withdrawnbehaviours, negative emotions and inconsistent or less effec-tive practices. Our findings highlight that strengthening pre-service and in-service training and providingcoachingto thepreschool staff may be helpful to restructure dysfunctionalbeliefs about shy-withdrawn behaviours, translate develop-mental knowledge in evidence-based classroom practices andenhance professionals' self-awareness.Highlights•This study explored, in-depth, the beliefs, practicesand support needs of preschool teachers toward shy-withdrawn children Most of the 30 interviewed preschool teachers were
aware of the main manifestations, transactional influences and consequences of shy-withdrawn behaviours.
• Our findings highlight the need to strengthen teachers'
training, bridging theoretical knowledge with professional development.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The effectiveness of schema therapy in individuals who committed crimes: A systematic review
Get PDFResearch suggests that individuals who commit crimes often exhibit various early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). EMSs are
a broad and pervasive theme or pattern consisting of memories, emotions, cognitions, and bodily sensations concerning
oneself and one’s relationships with others. Furthermore, EMSs play a crucial role in the onset and maintenance of different
types of offending behaviors, highlighting the need to implement schema therapy (ST) for perpetrators. Therefore, the
present systematic review assesses the effectiveness of ST for individuals who committed crimes. Four databases (PubMed,
Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo) were searched for studies examining the effectiveness of ST for individuals who
committed crimes. Seventeen studies were identified, but only 15 met the criteria for inclusion. Results showed that ST can
lead to beneficial effects in EMSs, schema modes, personality symptoms, and risk factors to commit crimes (e.g., cognitive
distortions). However, the studies, besides being scarce, revealed some methodological limitations. ST is a promising therapy
for individuals who committed crimes, despite the studies’ methodological shortcomings, which prevent us from drawing
more firm conclusions. Although promising, more research is needed to enhance our understanding of the impact of ST
therapies in forensic settings.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Uncertainty-modulated attentional capture: Outcome variance increases attentional priority
Get PDFOur prior experiences shape the way that we prioritize information from the environment for further
processing, analysis, and action. We show in three experiments that this process of attentional prioritization
is critically modulated by the degree of uncertainty in these previous experiences. Participants completed a
visual search task in which they made a saccade to a target to earn a monetary reward. The color of a colorsingleton distractor in the search array signaled the reward outcome(s) that were available, with different
degrees of variance (uncertainty). Participants were never required to look at the colored distractor, and
doing so would slow their response to the target. Nevertheless, across all experiments, participants were
more likely to look at distractors associated with high outcome variance versus low outcome variance.
This pattern was observed when all distractors had equal expected value (Experiment 1), when the difference
in variance was opposed by a difference in expected value (i.e., the high-variance distractor had a low
expected value, and vice versa: Experiment 2), and when high- and low-variance distractors were paired
with the maximum-value outcome on an equal proportion of trials (Experiment 3). Our findings demonstrate
that experience of prediction error plays a fundamental role in guiding “attentional exploration,” wherein
priority is driven by the potential for a stimulus to reduce future uncertainty through a process of learning,
as opposed to maximizing current information gain.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The effects of enrichment on zoo-housed scarlet ibis behavior
Get PDFGood zoo animal welfare is commonly promoted with environmental enrichment; however, some species are less likely to be offered enrichment than others. This study tested the effect of enrichment on a group of scarlet ibises from Zoomarine Algarve, Portugal. The study consisted of a first baseline condition, followed by four types of enrichment displays with individual presentations, a post-enrichment condition, and a post-enrichment with all enrichment types presented simultaneously. The enrichment types chosen were physical, with a tidal simulation in the lakes of the enclosure; nutritional, presenting mussels in a plastic mesh tube; sensory, by playing scarlet ibises calls; and tactile, with brushes through the habitat. The data collection was performed for 21 days between January and March 2021, 3 times a day, using scan sampling and instantaneous time sampling every 2 min. The comparison between conditions revealed that most behaviors showed similarity between the baseline and post-enrichment conditions, suggesting that after removing the enrichment, the behaviors returned to their initial baseline. It was also found that each enrichment influenced different types of behaviors and these behaviors also changed depending on the time of day. Exploratory behavior was only associated with the presence of enrichment, and vocalizations were only heard after the sensory enrichment was performed. This study demonstrates that the use of physical and tactile enrichments increased activity and decreased stationary behaviors in this group of ibises and may be used to improve their lives in zoological contexts if included in the housing and husbandry protocols.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Can the dark core of personality be measured briefly, multidimensionally, and invariantly? The D25 measure
No full textThe dark core of personality is a recent construct that encompasses the malevolent, antagonistic, and aversive side of human nature that represents the common inner core of dark personality traits. The aim of the present study is to develop a short, multidimensional, and invariant version of the dark core of personality D70 measure. Two samples of participants were used in the current study (N = 570, M = 35.42 years, SD = 11.41, range = 18–69; N = 242, M = 30.19 years, SD = 12.78, range = 16–77). The new D25 measure was developed, consisting of five factors – Callousness, Deceitfulness, Vindictiveness, Narcissistic Entitlement, and Sadism. All the structural models examined obtained adequate fits (1-factor, 5-factor, 5-factor bifactor, 5-factor 2nd order), but the 5-factor 2nd order model was considered the best option. Internal consistency/reliability, as measured by the alpha and omega coefficients and more traditional indicators, was mainly good. Construct validity (e.g., with moral disengagement, low self-control, and empathy measures) and criterion-related validity (e.g., with justice-involvement variables) were demonstrated. Scalar measurement invariance across gender and age was established, with male participants and younger participants scoring significantly higher than female participants and older participants. The findings provide support for the use of the D25 as a valid and reliable short multidimensional measure of the dark core of personality construct.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O papel moderador das variáveis sociodemográficas na relação entre a responsabilidade social organizacional e o compromisso organizacional
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das OrganizaçõesO presente projeto de investigação foca-se no papel moderador de variáveis
sociodemográficas (género, idade e antiguidade) na relação entre a Responsabilidade Social
Organizacional e o Compromisso Organizacional, em indivíduos portugueses que trabalhem
por conta de outrem. Os objetivos deste estudo são dois: verificar se a Responsabilidade
Social Organizacional influencia o Compromisso Organizacional dos colaboradores e
perceber se as variáveis sociodemográficas moderam a relação entre a Responsabilidade
Social Organizacional e o Compromisso Organizacional. Foi realizado um estudo nãoexperimental
e correlacional, onde foi aplicado um questionário online, com as escalas que
avaliam as variáveis em estudo, obtendo-se uma amostra de 217 indivíduos. Os resultados
demonstram, então, que, apesar de a Responsabilidade Social Organizacional influenciar o
Compromisso Afetivo e o Compromisso Normativo dos trabalhadores, esta não influencia o
seu Compromisso Calculativo. Relativamente à moderação, não só se chegou à conclusão de
que a idade não modera a relação supramencionada, como parecem existir moderações em
algumas relações entre certas dimensões da Responsabilidade Social Organizacional e o
Compromisso Organizacional. Esta investigação realça, assim, a importância do
preenchimento de gaps na literatura, através de estudos mais aprofundados, não só na relação
entre a Responsabilidade Social Organizacional e o Compromisso Organizacional, mas,
também, na moderação desta relação por variáveis sociodemográficas.ABSTRACT: This research project focuses on the moderating role of sociodemographic variables (gender,
age, and seniority) in the relations between Organizational Social Responsibility and
Organizational Commitment in portuguese individuals who work for others. The objectives of
this study are two: to verify whether Organizational Social Responsibility influences the
Organizational Commitment of employees and to understand whether sociodemographic
variables moderate the relation between Organizational Social Responsibility and
Organizational Commitment. A non-experimental and correlational study was carried out,
where an online questionnaire was applied, with scales that evaluate the variables under
study, obtaining a sample of 217 individuals. The results demonstrate that, although
Organizational Social Responsibility influences workers’ Affective Commitment and
Normative Commitment, it does not influence their Calculative Commitment. Regarding
moderation, not only was concluded that age does not moderate the aforementioned
relationship, but there also appear to be moderations in some relationships between certain
dimensions of Organizational Social Responsibility and Organizational Commitment. This
investigation therefore highlights the importance of filling gaps in the literature, through more
in-depth studies, not only on the relationship between Organizational Social Responsibility
and Organizational Commitment, but also on the moderation of this relationship by
sociodemographic variables