Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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A influência dos fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos no impacto psicológico e físico do abuso sexual infantil
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.O presente estudo pretendeu contribuir para uma melhor compreensão sobre a forma como o impacto psicológico e físico do Abuso Sexual Infantil (ASI) pode ter influencia, dependendo de
fatores intrínsecos, como a idade e género da vítima, e fatores extrínsecos como a duração dos atos abusivos, as práticas sexuais com e sem contacto físico, e principalmente, o tipo de relação
(intrafamiliar/extrafamiliar), estabelecido entre a vítima e o ofensor, atribuindo um foco maior a este último. Utilizou-se o método de análise de conteúdo clássica, para se analisar os processos judiciais de 148 crianças e jovens, em que 33 eram do sexo masculino (22,3%) e 115 eram do sexo feminino (77,7%), com idades compreendidas entre os 4 e 18 anos (M = 11,15; DP = 2,924), em que o tipo de relação entre as vítimas e ofensores era 46,6% intrafamiliar e 53,4% extrafamiliar; e
também inclui uma amostra de 148 ofensores, em que 136 indivíduos eram do sexo masculino (91,9%), e 2 eram do sexo feminino (1,4%), com idades abrangidas entre os 15 e 82 anos (M = 127,84; DP = 271,817), e não se conseguiu obter informação sobre o sexo (6,8%), e sobre a idade
do ofensor (9,5%) em 10 casos analisados. Evidenciaram-se associações significativas entre a idade da vítima, a duração dos atos abusivos, as práticas sexuais com contacto físico e o tipo de relação intrafamiliar/extrafamiliar), relativamente às consequências sicológicas e físicas mais agravadas, que cada vítima vivencia após o ASI. A variável correspondente ao género foi a única que não obteve associações significativas em relação ao tipo de impacto psicológico e físico
originado. As vítimas de Abuso Sexual Intrafamiliar, sofrem consequências psicológicas e físicas distintas, quando comparadas com as vítimas de Abuso Sexual Extrafamiliar, principalmente as
que envolvem práticas sexuais como o sexo vaginal, e anal, com uma duração mais prolongada no tempo, principalmente no sexo feminino.The present study aims to contribute to a better understanding of how the psychological and physical impact of ASI can have significant differences, depending on intrinsic factors, such as the age and gender of the victim, and extrinsic factors such as the duration of abusive acts, sexual practices with and without physical contact, and mainly, the type of relationship (intrafamily/extra-family) established between the victim and the offender, giving greater focus to the
latter. The classical content analysis method was used to analyze the legal proceedings of 148 children and young people, of which 33 were male (22.3%) and 115 were female (77.7%) , aged between 4 and 18 years (M = 11.15; SD = 2.924), in which the type of relationship between victims
and offenders was 46.6% intra-familial and 53.4% extra-familial; and also includes a sample of 148 offenders, where 136 individuals were male (91.9%), and 2 were female (1.4%), with ages covered between 15 and 82 years (M = 127.84 ; SD = 271.817), and no information could be
obtained about the sex (6.8%) and age of the offender (9.5%) in 10 cases analyzed. Significant associations were evident between the victim's age, the duration of the abusive acts, sexual practices with physical contact and the type of relationship (intra-family/extra-family), in relation to the more aggravated psychological and physical consequences that each victim experiences after the ASI. The variable corresponding to gender was the only one that did not obtain significant associations in relation to the type of psychological and physical impact caused. Victims of Intrafamily Sexual Abuse suffer different psychological and physical consequences when compared to victims of Extrafamilial Sexual Abuse, especially those involving sexual practices such as vaginal and anal sex, with a longer duration of time, especially in the female se
Atitudes dos profissionais de saúde portugueses na psicoterapia assistida por MDMA
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Clínica.A psicoterapia assistida por MDMA encontra-se legalizada, por prescrição médica,
na Austrália para a perturbação de stress pós-traumático e está em fase III de testes nos
EUA, com uma possível flexibilização das leis na Europa num futuro próximo. Deste
modo, é fundamental que os profissionais de saúde mental se mantenham atualizados para
fornecerem informações atualizadas e rigorosas aos seus pacientes. Neste sentido, este
estudo exploratório transversal teve como objetivo principal avaliar as perceções e
conhecimentos dos profissionais de saúde mental portugueses acerca da psicoterapia
assistida por MDMA.
Aplicou-se um inquérito online respondido por 166 participantes (M Idade = 38
anos; DP = 11,51; 67,3% mulheres). Dos participantes, 27% demonstraram bons
conhecimentos sobre o tema, 59% mostraram-se favoráveis à sua utilização com os seus
pacientes e 57% apoiaram a legalização para fins médicos, sendo considerado um
tratamento promissor por 54% dos indivíduos. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que o género
masculino apresentou maior conhecimento sobre a temática (p = .009), e os participantes
que já experienciaram psicadélicos revelaram atitudes mais positivas. Por sua vez, os
psicólogos manifestaram maior apreensão quanto à falta de profissionais especializados
(p = .016), e não se registaram diferenças significativas nas perceções em função da idade.
Este estudo identificou que, apesar das atitudes ambivalentes dos profissionais de
saúde mental portugueses sobre o uso de MDMA em psicoterapia, muitos mostraram
interesse na formação baseada em evidências científicas. As preocupações dos
profissionais derivam do desconhecimento factual sobre os efeitos da substância, e a
indecisão de vários participantes reforça a necessidade de mais formação na área da
ciência psicadélica.ABSTRACT: MDMA-assisted psychotherapy is legalized by prescription in Australia for treating
post-traumatic stress disorder and is currently in phase III trials in the United States, with
potential legal reforms in Europe expected soon. Therefore, it is essential for mental
health professionals to stay updated in order to provide accurate and current information
to their patients.
In this context, this cross-sectional study aimed to assess the perceptions and
knowledge of Portuguese mental health professionals regarding MDMA-assisted
psychotherapy.
An online survey was completed by 166 participants (M Age = 38 years; SD =
11.51; 67.3% women). Of the participants, 27% showed good knowledge of the subject,
59% were in favour of its use with their patients and 57% supported legalisation for
medical purposes, with 54% considering it a promising treatment. In addition, the male
gender showed greater knowledge of the subject (p = .009), and participants who had
already tried psychedelics showed more positive attitudes. On the other hand,
psychologists were more apprehensive about the lack of specialised professionals (p =
.016), and there were no significant differences in perceptions according to age.
This study found that, despite the ambivalent attitudes of Portuguese mental health
professionals towards the use of MDMA in psychotherapy, many expressed interest in
evidence-based training. The professionals' concerns stem from factual ignorance
regarding the substance's effects, and the indecision of several participants underscores
the need for further education in the field of psychedelic science
Classroom social networks, students' peer‐related social experiences and sense of belonging: The specific case of students with SEN
Get PDFOne main argument for inclusion refers to the so-cial benefits that students with SEN might have from being in contact with typically developing classmates. Students' sense of belonging to the classroom is also a relevant dimension of inclusion, given its impor-tance for positive emotional and social development and academic motivation. Yet, studies specifically focused on students with SEN show mixed results regarding their sense of belonging. While some stud-ies have highlighted the effect of classroom social networks on peer-related social experiences, to our knowledge no study has examined its effect on the sense of belonging. Thus, the goal of the current study is to examine the associations between the structure of classroom social networks, peer-related social experiences in the classroom and the sense of belonging of students with and without SEN. The participants were 914 students (56% boys, 10% SEN, average age 12.68) attending Portuguese schools. Contrary to what was expected, although students with SEN were, on average, more rejected and less accepted by the peer group than students without SEN, they did not differ in their levels of sense of be-longing. In addition, the structure of classroom social networks was associated with students' belonging in unexpected ways. Results point to the importance of creating social conditions in the classroom to facili-tate positive peer interactions and relationships, and the need for teachers to pay attention to the social structure of the classroom in order to create a posi-tive atmosphere where all students feel accepted, re-spected, valued and a part of the classroomFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Portuguese Validation of a Reduced Version of the IAT (Internet Addiction Test) Scale—Youth Version
Get PDFAbstract: This study adapted and assessed a shortened version of the IAT (Internet Addiction Test)
scale completed by young people aged 12 years and older regarding their online behaviors and risk
of online addiction. The psychometric qualities of the reduced version (Screening IAT—youth) are
presented in order to validate the use of this version in the early detection of online addiction. The
total sample was composed of 3021 participants that were 55.9% female and 44.1% male, with a mean
age of x = 15 years (σ = 3.028), attending junior high school (56.2%), high school (37.8%), and college
(5.9%). The procedure included a factorial analysis in which the total sample was randomly divided
into three samples. An exploratory factor analysis was performed with one part of the sample, and
a confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the other parts, assessing internal consistency,
construct reliability, and discriminant validity. The results indicate that this reduced version of the
IAT for young people has good psychometric qualities and that it can be applied in research and
clinical settings. With this version and the parent–teacher version, there is a direct contribution to a
tripartite assessment of internet addiction risk.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perspectives on perceived workplace age discrimination and engagement: The moderating role of emotion regulation
No full textEngaging workers with their work is fundamental for employee wellbeing
and performance. Perceived age discrimination in the workplace is a factor
that may influence workers’ engagement. The present study aimed to analyze the moderating role of emotion regulation in the relationship between
perceived age discrimination and work engagement. Survey data were collected from a sample of 453 Portuguese workers of various age groups,
between 18 and 65 years-old. Four instruments were used in this study: (a)
a sociodemographic questionnaire; (b) the Workplace Age Discrimination
Scale (WADS); (c) the Emotion Regulation Scale and (d) the reduced version
of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). Results show that perceived workplace age discrimination negatively impacts work engagement.
Further, results suggest that emotional regulation exacerbates the negative
relationship between perceived age discrimination and work engagement.
The progressively aging workforce is creating challenging issues to organizations, from a human resource management perspective. Age management
strategies to address perceived age discrimination and work engagement are
neededinfo:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio
Competencies and skills for tourism education advancement: A bibliometric a analysis and literature review
No full textHow may we secure a more sustainable path, in future, for the tourism
industry? Following the Covid-19 pandemic, which made evident some frailties and
need for change in the tourism industry, the tourism scenario has evolved, and a great
deal of upskilling and reskilling is now necessary. Consumer attitudes have altered
and are now more focused on sustainable tourism and other such related themes. This
study is an attempt to shed light on competencies and skills for tourism education
advancement—whether by universities or by VET. Hence, a bibliometric analysis
was performed as was a literature review. The bibliometric analysis identified some
key themes using the VOS viewer tool and the Scopus database. Digital skills, soft
skills, emotional intelligence, but above all the ability to seek out what one needs
to know (ability to self-determine and be self-motivated), in the era of technology,
stand out. The literature review identified green skills (×4), global skills (×4), digital
skills (×6), and digital apps (×4)—related to competencies and skills for tourism
education/training advancement.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Exploring the role of OXTR gene methylation in attachment development: A longitudinal study
Get PDFhe current study explored longitudinally whether oxytocin receptor gene methyla-tion (OXTRm) changes moderated the association between parental sensitivity changesand children’s attachment changes over three waves. Six hundred six Flemish children(10–12 years, 42.8%–44.8% boys) completed attachment measures and provided sali-vary OXTRm data on seven CpG sites. Their parents reported their sensitive parenting.Results suggest that OXTRm changes hardly link to attachment (in)security changesafter the age of 10. Some support was found for interaction effects between parentalsensitivity changes and OXTRm changes on attachment changes over time. Effects sug-gest that for children with increased OXTRm in the promotor region and decreasedmethylation in the inhibitor region over time, increased parental sensitivity was asso-ciated with increased secure attachment and decreased insecure attachment overtime.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Mentally healthy living after pandemic social distancing: a study of older Canadians reveals helpful anxiety reduction strategies
No full textBackground: Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, older Canadians werethe most at risk of severe physical harm, including death, and their return topost-COVID life was expected to be especially anxiety-provoking. A studywas conducted to obtain nationally representative evidence of older Cana-dians’ self-perceived anxiety levels and their strategies to manage or miti-gate it as public health restrictions were lifting.Materials and Methods: This study had a cross-sectional descriptivedesign. An e-survey was used to collect data from 1327 Canadians aged60+ stratified by age, sex, and education to resemble the larger generalpopulation. Participants completed the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS-10)and indicated which of the 16 Centre for Addictions and Mental Health’s(2022) Coping with Stress and Anxiety strategies they were using to man-age or mitigate their anxiety when social distancing was lifting. Descriptivestatistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis were usedto explore the data.Results: While, on average, older Canadians were mildly anxious, nearlyone-quarter of responders rated their anxiety as severe. Age, sex, perceivedhealth, were statistically significant correlates of anxiety. Six coping strate-gies were associated with significantly lower anxiety scores. Moreover,accepting some fear and anxiety as normal, challenging worries and anx-ious thoughts, and practising relaxation/meditation appeared to increaseanxiety.Conclusion: Older Canadians used multiple strategies to manage or miti-gate their anxiety, and seemingly, with more successful than detrimentaltries. Practitioners have much to learn and understand about older people’smental health promotion efforts after social distancing, now and for futurepandemicsRTOERO Foun-dationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Second grade retention: Beliefs, decision‐making styles, and factors involved in the decision process
No full textGrade retention decisions are high‐risk because this
practice can significantly affect students' academic and
professional path and their socioaffective development.
This study aimed to contribute to a better understanding of
second‐grade retention decision‐making by exploring the
factors the professionals consider during the retention
decision‐making, their beliefs about the effectiveness of
grade retention, and their cognitive decision‐making style.
The study sets in Portugal, where second‐grade retention is
a common practice. One hundred ninety‐four teachers
answered an online questionnaire developed for this
purpose. Path analysis results suggested that teachers' beliefs and decision‐making styles served as a filter,
defining what factors they consider relevant or not to make
grade retention decisions. Intuitive experiences seem to
inform teachers' grade‐retention decisions, especially when
they believe retention is essential for students' successFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The relationship between lifelong learning and professional development activities in a Portuguese sample
Get PDFObjective: A dispositional commitment to lifelong learning (LL) is an important aspect of continuing professional development for practicing psychotherapists. Equally
important is the dedication of psychotherapists to engaging in professional development activities to foster growth and maintain competence. However, there are limited available data on the range of practices and factors influencing psychotherapists'
commitment to these activities. The primary objective of this study was to examine
whether a higher commitment to LL would significantly predict greater participation
in a range of different professional development activities.
Method: A sample of 166 Portuguese psychotherapists completed an online survey
on professional development. The survey included two key measures: the Jefferson
Scale of Psychotherapist Lifelong Learning and a list of professional development
activities based on the Retrospective Analysis of Psychotherapists' Involvement in
Deliberate Practice. Exploratory factorial analysis was conducted to determine an
alternative and suitable grouping for the list of activities, and structural equation
modelling was utilised to assess the relationship between the commitment to LL and
engagement in these activities.
Findings: Results provided valuable insight into the diverse levels of participation
among therapists across five categories of activities: (1) supervision and case discussion; (2) recording-related activities; (3) reading and focussed learning; (4) reflecting;
and (5) workshops supporting ongoing professional competence. Findings indicated
that a stronger commitment to LL significantly predicted increased dedication to
reading, focussed learning activities and attendance to training workshops. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed concerning their practical application for professional psychologists, counsellors and psychotherapistsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio