Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Marine protected areas promote stability of reef fish communities under climate warming
Get PDFProtection from direct human impacts can safeguard marine life, yet ocean
warming crosses marine protected area boundaries. Here, we test whether
protection offers resilience to marine heatwaves from local to network scales.
We examine 71,269 timeseries of population abundances for 2269 reef fish
species surveyed in 357 protected versus 747 open sites worldwide. We
quantify the stability of reef fish abundance from populations to metacommunities, considering responses of species and functional diversity
including thermal affinity of different trophic groups. Overall, protection
mitigates adverse effects of marine heatwaves on fish abundance, community
stability, asynchronous fluctuations and functional richness. We find that local
stability is positively related to distance from centers of high human density
only in protected areas. We provide evidence that networks of protected areas
have persistent reef fish communities in warming oceans by maintaining large
populations and promoting stability at different levels of biological
organization.CCMAR; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Predicting the future of our oceans—Evaluating genomic forecasting approaches in marine species
Get PDFClimate change is restructuring biodiversity on multiple scales and there is a pressing
need to understand the downstream ecological and genomic consequences of this
change. Recent advancements in the field of eco-evolutionary
genomics have sought
to include evolutionary processes in forecasting species' responses to climate change
(e.g., genomic offset), but to date, much of this work has focused on terrestrial species.
Coastal and offshore species, and the fisheries they support, may be even more
vulnerable to climate change than their terrestrial counterparts, warranting a critical
appraisal of these approaches in marine systems. First, we synthesize knowledge
about the genomic basis of adaptation in marine species, and then we discuss the few
examples where genomic forecasting has been applied in marine systems. Next, we
identify the key challenges in validating genomic offset estimates in marine species,
and we advocate for the inclusion of historical sampling data and hindcasting in the
validation phase. Lastly, we describe a workflow to guide marine managers in incorporating
these predictions into the decision-making
processFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Autonomy, competence, and relatedness: Unpacking faculty motivation in service-learning
No full textService-learning (SL) has gained global popularity for promotingstudents’civic engagement and democratic and pluralistic valuesand impacting faculty and communities. It relies on foundationalpillars (the 4 Rs): respect, reciprocity, relevance, and reflexivity.While the drivers of faculty motivation have received attention fromresearchers, a gap remains in understanding what sustains theirmotivation and engagement over time. This study aims to addressthis gap by exploring the perspectives of a group of Europeanscholars through the lens of Self-Determination Theory. A hybridthematic analysis was employed to analyze the 22 semi-structuredinterviews collected in 14 European countries. Thefindings revealthat SL exerts a transformative influence on the community,students, faculty, and higher education institutions, nurturing aheightened sense of competence among faculty members.Institutionalization is a pivotal factor in sustaining and rewardingengaged faculty scholarship, enabling autonomy in academic roles,and aligning personal values with institutional endeavors. Finally,the community experience within SL fosters positive connectionswith colleagues and communities at local, national, andinternational levels. As a result, this study introduces afifthfoundational pillar, extending the existing 4 Rs model:relatedness.Future research directions and implications are proposed.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Evidence-based interventions targeting remand prisoners: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textABSTRACT: Background/Aim: Official data show that nearly three million people are awaiting trial in prison. Despite this group
representativeness, few interventions have been developed and assessed for these prisoners, even though literature has been
showing that they present specific vulnerabilities. Nevertheless, no previous literature review had covered this topic. Considering
this, the present review aims to gather evidence on the programs focused on this population, analyzing their intervention targets
and their effectiveness. Method: The search identified a total of 7,143 studies. After removing the duplicates, 2,199 were screened
using the title and abstract, according to the inclusion criteria. The full-text screening comprehended 45 articles, of which 37 were
excluded. This resulted in 8 studies for inclusion in the final analysis, of which four were pharmacological studies. Results: Overall,
meta-analysis results exhibited that treatment of remand prisoners (RPs) has an extraordinarily large positive effects, exceeding
92%. Our study confirmed that RPs would benefit from treatment, and therefore intervention programs should be established.
Conclusions: Besides, our findings underlined the scarce resources to address the difficulties of the remand population, reinforcing
the importance of assessing these individuals’ needs to develop effective responses to them.RESUMEN: Introducción/Objetivo: Los datos oficiales muestran que casi tres millones de personas se encuentran en prisión a la espera de
juicio. A pesar de la representatividad de este grupo, se han desarrollado y evaluado pocas intervenciones para estos presos, a
pesar de que las publicaciones científicas han venido demostrando que presentan vulnerabilidad específica. Sin embargo, ninguna
revisión anterior de la literatura había abordado este tema. Teniendo esto en cuenta, la presente revisión pretende reunir
evidencias sobre los programas dirigidos a esta población, analizando sus objetivos de intervención y su efectividad. Método:
La búsqueda identificó un total de 7,143 estudios. Tras eliminar los duplicados, se seleccionaron 2,199 mediante el título y el
resumen, de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión. El cribado del texto completo comprendió 45 artículos, de los cuales 37
fueron excluidos. Esto dio lugar a 8 estudios para su inclusión en el análisis final, de los cuales 4 eran estudios farmacológicos.
Resultados: En general, los resultados del meta-análisis mostraron que el tratamiento de los presos preventivos tiene enormes
efectos positivos, superiores al 92%. Nuestro estudio confirmó que los presos preventivos se beneficiarían del tratamiento, por lo
que deberían establecerse programas de intervención. Conclusiones: Los resultados subrayan los escasos recursos que hay para
abordar las dificultades de la población en prisión preventiva, reforzando la importancia de evaluar las necesidades de estos
individuos para desarrollar respuestas efectivas a las mismas.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Posttraumatic growth in women after a childbirth experience: The influence of individual characteristics and intrusive and deliberate rumination
No full textThis study targets women who had a self-defined traumatic childbirth experience to (a) explore
the differences between sociodemographic-, obstetric-, and trauma-related variables in relation to the rumination style; (b) determine differences between intrusive and deliberate rumination in relation to posttraumatic growth (PTG) dimensions, and (c) test whether intrusive rumination is associated with deliberate
rumination, which in turn is associated with PTG dimensions. Method: A cross-sectional study design
was employed using a web-based survey method for data collection. In total, 202 women who identified
their childbirth experience as traumatic participated in this study. Results: Intrusive rumination and deliberate rumination were positively associated with all dimensions of PTG in women following the traumatic
childbirth event. Deliberate rumination fully explained the relationship between intrusive rumination and
PTG aspects of relating to others, new opportunities, and personal strength, and partially explained the relationship between intrusive rumination and PTG aspects of spiritual changes and appreciation of life.
Conclusions: The results suggest that deliberate rumination can contribute to explain the occurrence of
PTG. These findings could help develop psychosocial interventions to maximize opportunities for deliberate
rumination for women with traumatic childbirth experiences.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Exposure of an endangered seabird species to persistent organic pollutants: Assessing levels in blood and link with reproductive parameters
No full textOcean contamination, particularly from persistent organic pollutants (POPs), remains a significant threat to
marine predators that occupy high trophic positions. Long-lived procellariform seabirds are apex predators in
marine ecosystems and tend to accumulate contaminants. Prolonged exposure to pollutants negatively affects
their fitness including reproductive success. Low breeding success may represent a hurdle for the restoration of
small and endangered seabird populations, including several highly threatened gadfly petrels. Here we investigated the annual variation (2019 and 2022) in organochlorine pesticide (OCP), polychlorinated biphenyl ether
(PCB), polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure in the
endangered Bermuda petrel (Pterodroma cahow), and the relationship between female contaminant burden and
breeding parameters. We found that petrels were exposed to a wide range of pollutants (33 out of 55 showedFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Couples’ empathy and sensitive responsiveness to a crying baby simulator
No full textEmotional empathy has been linked to prosocial behaviors and is deemed crucial for parenting and caring for infants. This study examined whether emotional empathy (dispositional and in response to infant crying) is associated with sensitive responsiveness, as observed in 221 heterosexual couples (half of whom were expecting their first child) during a standardized caregiving situation. Simulators resembling real infants were used. Caregiving performed by each partner individually and as a couple was observed using the Ainsworth sensitivity scale. The partners rated their own empathy and their perceived partner’s empathy toward the infant simulator. The Polish version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index was used to measure dispositional emotional empathy (empathic concern, EC; personal distress, PD). Multilevel modeling showed that self-reported and partner-reported empathy elicited by the infant simulator mediated the association between dispositional empathic concern and sensitive responsiveness during caretaking. Women were more empathic and responsive while caring for the infant simulator, and couple sensitive responsiveness was predicted by higher dispositional EC and lower PD in women but not in men. Our findings suggest that dispositional empathy and empathic reactions toward an infant simulator might translate into better adjustment to parenthood and more responsive parenting and coparenting.National Science Centreinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Can peer mediation foster migrant students’ inclusion in mainstream classrooms? An exploratory case study
Get PDFThe growth of migration brings new challenges to contemporary
societies, especially regarding the inclusion of migrant students in
the education system of the host countries. Peer mediation
strategies are effective in promoting the inclusion of children
with special educational needs in mainstream classrooms, but
evidence about its effects on migrant students is scarce. The aim
of this study was to explore teaching practices which promote
the inclusion of migrant students through peer mediation. A case
study was designed which involved 17 native and non-native
fifth-grade students and 4 teachers. Observations and interviews
were used to comprehend classroom dynamics focusing on
migrant-native interactions. Teachers hold different beliefs
regarding the role of peer mediation strategies as a tool to foster
inclusion in the classroom. Practices, in which the teachers had
the explicit aim of creating a pedagogical supportive interaction
between native and migrant students, were observed, peermentoring schemes being the most common. It was also
observed that classroom organisation, task organisation and task
structure have elicited informal supportive interactions between
migrant and native peers. These results suggest that peer
mediation strategies may be an important resource to promote
the inclusion of migrant students.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Brain correlates and functional connectivity linking stress, autonomic dysregulation, and alcohol motivation
No full textHigh stress is a key risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and often accompanied by physiological dysregulation including autonomic nervous system (ANS) disruptions. However, neural mechanisms underlying drinking behaviors associated with stress and ANS disruptions remain unclear. The current study aims to understand neural correlates of stress, ANS disruptions, and subsequent alcohol intake in social drinkers with risky drinking. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated brain and heart rate (HR) autonomic responses during brief exposure to stress, alcohol, and neutral cues utilizing a well-validated, individualized imagery paradigm in 48 social drinkers of which 26 reported high-risk drinking (HD) while 22 reported low-risk drinking (LD) patterns. Results indicated that HD individuals showed stress and ANS disruptions with increased basal HR, stress-induced craving, and decreased brain response to stress exposure in frontal-striatal regions including the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VmPFC), anterior cingulate cortex, striatum, insula, and temporal gyrus. Furthermore, whole-brain correlation analysis indicated that greater basal HR was associated with hypoactive VmPFC, but hyperactive medulla oblongata (MOb) responses during stress, with an inverse association between activity in the VmPFC and Mob (whole-brain corrected (WBC), p < 0.05). Functional connectivity with the MOb as a seed to the whole brain indicated that HD versus LD had decreased functional connectivity between the VmPFC and MOb during stress (WBC, p < 0.05). In addition, those with more compromised functional connectivity between the VmPFC and MOb during stress consumed greater amount of alcohol beverage during an experimental alcohol taste test conducted on a separate day, as well as in their self-reported weekly alcohol intake. Together, these results indicate that stress-related, dysfunctional VmPFC control over brain regions of autonomic arousal contributes to greater alcohol motivation and may be a significant risk factor for hazardous alcohol use in non-dependent social drinkers. Findings also suggest that restoring VmPFC integrity in modulating autonomic arousal during stress may be critical for preventing the development of AUD.National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholisminfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Looking after myself while caring for others: A pilot study on self-care in psychologists working in palliative care
Get PDFThe risks inherent to being a doctor or a nurse in palliative care are well known. Since
palliative care is a context in which professionals are exposed to specific risks and
challenges, self-care is important to promote a better practice and prevent burnout.
However, little research has been conducted to determine the impact palliative care
setting has in clinical psychologists. It is necessary to explore the influence this work
has on the well-being of psychologists, and the relevance they attribute to self-care. This qualitative study explores the experiences of clinical psychologists working in
palliative care in order to understand the various aspects related to their self-care.
Eleven Portuguese psychologists working in palliative care participated in
semi-structured interviews. A thematic analysis was performed, and three main domains
emerged: (1) working in palliative care and its impact; (2) self-care: how, what for and
why not more; and (3) self-care learning. The findings suggest that being a psychologist
in this setting has risks, as being exposed to human suffering, but also has existential
positive benefits that allow them to seize their own lives and understand the strengths of
humankind. Self-care practices are perceived as improving professional performance
and contribute to the well-being of the psychologist. Also, participants recognized some
barriers to self-care that seem to be related to the little access to self-care information
during their training. This research allows an understanding of self-care practices and
gives relevance to this topic within palliative care psychologistsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio