Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Apoio social, stresse e necessidades psicológicas em jovens adultos portugueses
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaOs jovens adultos encontram-se num período de transição que pode afetar significativamente a perceção de stresse. Numa amostra de jovens adultos portugueses, o presente estudo teve como objetivos: Avaliar as características sociodemográficas relativamente ao stresse percebido, bem como a existência de uma relação entre stresse percebido e o nível de apoio social; estudar a relação entre o nível de stresse percebido e o nível de satisfação de necessidades psicológicas básicas e verificar o papel mediador da satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas (autonomia, competência e relacionamento) entre a relação apoio social e o stresse percebido. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 337 participantes que responderam aos questionários de dados sociodemográficos, a Escala do Estatuto Social Subjetivo, a Escala do Stresse percebido (PSS-10), a Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS) e a Escala Need Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG). Resultados: Verificou-se uma correlação negativa entre o stresse a idade, a situação profissional e a educação. Uma correlação negativa entre o apoio social e o stresse percebido, e entre a satisfação de necessidades psicológicas básicas e o nível de stresse percebido. Adicionalmente, apenas a autonomia e a competência parecem mediar parcialmente a associação entre o apoio social e o stresse percebido. Conclusão: Os resultados possibilitam perceber como o stresse, o apoio social e as necessidades psicológicas básicas estão relacionados entre si, possivelmente associado com a saúde mental dos jovens adultos portugueses, sugerindo para futuras investigações estudar meios socioambientais que proporcionem ou frustrem a satisfação das necessidades e intervenções que beneficiem das mesmas.ABSTRACT: Young adults are in a period of transition which can significantly impact perceived stress. In a sample of young Portuguese adults, this study aimed to: Assess the sociodemographic characteristics in relation to perceived stress and the existence of a relationship between perceived stress and the level of social support; study the relationship between the level of perceived stress and the level of satisfaction of basic psychological needs and verify the mediating role of the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relationship) between social support and perceived stress. Method: The sample consisted of 337 participants who answered sociodemographic data questionnaires, Subjective Social Status Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), The Satisfaction with Social Support Scale (ESSS) and the Basic Need Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG). Results: There was a negative correlation between stress and age, professional status and education. There was a negative correlation between social support and perceived stress, and between the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and the levels of perceived stress. In addition, only autonomy and competence seem to partially be mediated the association between social support and perceived stress. Conclusion: The results improve our understanding of the relationship between stress, social support and basic psychological needs, and their impact on the mental health of young Portuguese adults. This suggests that future research should investigate socio-environmental factors that facilitate or hinder the satisfaction of these needs, as well as interventions that can leverage these factors for improved outcomes
O efeito moderador do cinismo organizacional na relação entre os traços de personalidade e os comportamentos de Cidadania Organizacional
No full textNuma sociedade marcada pela imprevisibilidade é cada vez mais crucial as
organizações estarem munidas de estratégias para a mudança. O objetivo deste estudo tem
como foco compreender de que forma o cinismo modera a relação entre os 5 traços de
personalidade e os comportamentos de cidadania organizacional. Deste modo, com o auxílio
de uma amostra composta por 311 participantes, concluiu-se que todos os traços de
personalidade promovem a prática de comportamentos de cidadania organizacional, à
exceção do Neuroticismo que inibe os mesmos, deste modo também verificámos que o
cinismo modera a relação entre o traço Neuroticismo e os comportamentos de cidadania
organizacional. Esta investigação permite abrir novos horizontes para futuros estudos, tanto
ao nível psicométrico como ao nível da preparação das organizações com estes fenómenos,
uma vez que tem impacto nas organizações e no respetivo desempenho dos colaboradoresABSTRACT: In a society marked by unpredictability, it is increasingly crucial for organizations to
be equipped with strategies for change. The objective of this study is to understand how
cynicism positively or negatively impacts the relationship between the Big Five personality
traits and organizational citizenship behaviors. Thus, with the help of a sample of 311
participants, it was concluded that all personality traits promote the practice of organizational
citizenship behaviors, with the exception of Neuroticism, which inhibits them. In this way, it
was also found that cynicism moderates the relationship between the Neuroticism trait and
organizational citizenship behaviors. Regarding the structure of the scales, two of them were
adapted through their one-dimensionality. This research opens up new horizons for future
studies, both at the psychometric level and at the level of organizations' preparation for these
phenomena, since it has an impact on organizations and the performance of their employees
A relação entre adaptabilidade de carreira, identidade de carreira e motivação em estudantes universitários
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia EducacionalO seguinte estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar as relações entre identidade de
carreira, adaptabilidade de carreira e motivação em estudantes universitários. Deste modo, foi
analisada a relação que as variáveis estabeleciam entre si, como também foi analisado se a
variável motivação exercia um efeito mediador na relação da identidade de carreira e a
adaptabilidade de carreira. Também se procedeu a verificar se existiam diferenças nas variáveis
entre os alunos que frequentavam a Licenciatura e o Mestrado. Neste estudo participaram 222
estudantes, sendo que 112 frequentavam a Licenciatura e 110 frequentavam o Mestrado. A
recolha de dados foi realizada através de um inquérito online que continha itens das escalas
Inventário de Maturidade de Carreira: Forma C, Dellas Identity Status Inventory Occupation,
DISI-O e uma escala que pretendia avaliar a motivação. De acordo com os resultados obtidos,
a ansiedade é uma variável que persiste em ambos os grupos, sendo que a motivação intrínseca
é superior nos alunos de Mestrado. Da mesma maneira os alunos de Mestrado também revelam
mais competências de adaptabilidade, mais comportamentos exploratórios e estão mais
comprometidos com os seus objetivos. A motivação revelou uma correlação positiva com a
adaptabilidade. A dimensão Achiever, referente à identidade de carreira, foi aquela que
estabeleceu associações positivas com a maioria das dimensões da motivação e da
adaptabilidade. Por último, foi observado um efeito mediador parcial da motivação na relação
entre a identidade e a adaptabilidade.ABSTRACT: The main goal of this study was to analyse the relationship between career identity,
career adaptability and motivation among university students and to analyse if motivation had
a mediator effect in the relationship between career identity and career adaptability. It was also
analysed the differences between the students that were taking a Bachelor's degree and the
students that were taking a Master’s degree. This study had 222 participants, Bachelor's degree
(n=112), Master’s degree (n=110). To collect the data, it was applied an online inquiry that had
items from the Career Maturity Inventory: Form C, the Dellas Identity Status Inventory
Occupation, DISI-O and from a motivation scale. The results revealed that anxiety persists in
both groups and intrinsic motivation is superior in the students form the Master’s degree. Also,
these students have higher adaptability competencies, more exploratory behaviour and more
commitments compared with the students from the Bachelor's degree. Motivation has a positive
correlation with adaptability. One dimension from career identity, Achiever, has positive
correlationships with most of dimensions from adaptability and motivation. It was observed a
mediator effect in the relationship between identity and adaptability by motivation
A latent class analysis on students' beliefs about teachers' practices enhancing their well-being
Get PDFABSTRACT: Student well-being and student voice are two interrelated concepts that can play
a critical role in education. While Student well-being refers to the overall state
of students’ physical, mental, and emotional health, student voice represents the
active involvement and participation of students in shaping their own educational
experiences. Notwithstanding the intimate association, there is a limited body of
research that explores how students’ distinct perceptions of teachers’ practices
that promote their well-being influence students’ actual well-being levels. To
address this research gap, a study was conducted involving 486 students. The
participants, with an average age of 13.5 years, completed a questionnaire.
Among the participants, 51.1% identified as female, and 13.6% had experienced
academic retention. The latent class results classified the 7–9 grade student’s
beliefs about teacher’s practices into “few times,” sometimes’ and “often.” The
model fitting results were as follows: Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) was
2,555.904, Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was 2,610.244, Adjusted Bayesian
Information Criterion (aBIC) was 2,568.983, and Entropy was 0.802. Compared
with the “few times” and “sometimes” class, the “often” class was more prevalent
in 8th grade (p = 0.05) and among male students (p = 0.04). Findings show
that class membership is a predictor of student well-being (interpersonal, life
satisfaction and perceived competence). Students who feel that their teachers
are attentive, supportive, and address their needs more frequently are more likely
to experience enhanced well-being.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing? Violent, Abusive, and Harmful Behavior by the Older Person Toward Their Family Caregivers: A Qualitative Study
No full textViolent, abusive, and harmful behavior enacted by older adults upon
their caregivers represents a distressing and frequently disregarded facet
within the domain of caregiving. This qualitative study aims to (a) explore
family caregivers’ experiences of violent, abusive, and harmful behavior
by the older person and (b) explore how violent, abusive, and harmful
behavior by the older person affects family caregivers’ mental health. This
qualitative study encompassed 393 participants, with a diverse age range
spanning from 40 to 72 years. All the interviews went through the process
of content analysis. For the first objective, findings indicated six emerging
themes: Frequent and extreme verbal violence (77.3%); feeling manipulated
and controlled by older adults (74.7%); experiencing unpredictable illegal
circumstances provoked by older adults (62.1%); experiencing damaging
financial issues provoked by older adults (43.1%); experiencing physical violence (34.2.%); and experiencing sexual violence (31.1%). The second
objective highlighted four themes: depression and anxiety (89.9 %), anger
(81.2%), feeling morally isolated (78.3%), and emotional outbursts (65.1%).
Brazilian participants mainly experienced frequent and extreme verbal
violence (62.4%). Moreover, depression and anxiety were mainly verbalized
by English participants (84.3%). These findings underscore the significant toll
that older individuals’ violent, abusive, and harmful behavior can have on the
mental well-being of family caregivers. This study sheds light on the complex
experiences faced by family caregivers and emphasizes the urgent need for
targeted interventions to foster healthier caregiving environments. Older
individuals’ violent, abusive, and harmful behavior toward their caregivers
has received limited attention in research and public discourse. The findings
of this study call attention to the pressing need of addressing this issue, given
its detrimental impact on the mental health of family carers. Recognizing the
significance of this topic demands a comprehensive and targeted approach
to ensure the well-being and safety of caregivers and older adults.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Affective and attitudinal features of benevolent heterosexism in Italy: The italian validation of the Multidimensional Heterosexism Inventory
No full textABSTRACT: Introduction People who belong to a sexual and gender minority often face prejudices that have their roots in heterosexism,
a sociocultural system that can manifest itself in diferent ways and sometimes in a seemingly benevolent fashion. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Heterosexism Inventory (MHI), a scale assessing
aversive, amnestic, paternalistic, and positive stereotypic heterosexism, in an Italian sample.
Methods Two hundred one cisgender and heterosexual individuals (129 women and 72 men) aged 18 to 81 years (M=36.42,
SD=12.56) were recruited online between May and October 2022 and answered questions about social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, ambivalent sexism, and attitudes toward lesbians and gay men.
Results Confrmatory factor analysis showed that the original 4-factor model of the scale ft the data well. Predictive and
convergent validity of the Italian version of the MHI was adequate, whereas discriminant validity was not fully achieved due
to overlap of multidimensional heterosexism with hostile and benevolent sexism and authoritarianism. Scores were higher
for aversive and amnesic heterosexism in men than in women, but not for paternalistic and positive stereotypic heterosexism. Finally, less educated participants, those with no LGBTQI+friends, and religious participants were higher in all MHI
subscales than their counterparts.
Conclusions This study provides the frst evidence for the validity and reliability of an Italian version of the MHI.
Policy Implications Using the MHI can help to make visible not only the explicit but also the subtle forms of heterosexism,
thus recognizing the multidimensional nature of heterosexism produced in social institutions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Components of multiple health behaviour change interventions for patients with chronic conditions: a systematic review and meta-regression of randomized trials
Get PDFInterventions addressing more than one health behaviour at a time could
be an efficient way of intervening to manage chronic conditions. Within a
systematic review of multiple health behaviour change (MBHC)
interventions, we identified key components of interventions in patients
with chronic conditions, assessed how they are linked to theory,
behaviour change techniques implemented, and evaluated their impact
on intervention effectiveness. Studies were identified by systematically
searching five electronic databases. Subgroup analyses and metaregressions
were conducted to analyse the association between
intervention components and behavioural changes. In total, 61 studies
were included spanning different chronic conditions (e.g.,
cardiovascular conditions, type 2 diabetes). Most interventions sought
to change behaviours simultaneously (72%), often targeting the
‘physical activity, diet and smoking’ cluster of behaviours (33%), and
were not theory informed (55%). A total of 36 behaviour change
techniques were identified, most commonly goal setting behaviour and
self-monitoring of behaviour. Subgroup analyses indicated that MHBC
interventions delivered entirely face-to-face might not be as effective
for physical activity outcomes, and not using goal setting (behaviour)
might be more effective for smoking cessation outcomes. Metaregressions
indicated that a longer intervention duration may work best
to achieve better physical activity outcomes. This review provides a
comprehensive understanding of interventions and contributes to the
field of MHBC by facilitating data-driven insights for future optimisation
and dissemination.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The effects of vessel traffic on the behavior patterns of common dolphins in the tagus estuary (Portugal)
Get PDFThe impact of vessels on dolphin populations has been extensively studied worldwide. The common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, has been observed in the Tagus estuary for the past two centuries, and during the last several years, these sightings seem to have increased. This area has high levels of maritime traffic throughout the year, both commercial and recreational. To understand the possible effects of vessel traffic on dolphins’ behavior, land-based observations were carried out from March 2022 to March 2023. For a total of 67 events (48.9 h of dolphin sightings), differences in behavioral budgets were noted. Although “neutral reaction” was the most observed response when vessels were in the vicinity of dolphins, “negative reaction” was also common and five times more abundant than “positive reaction”. The GEE model showed statistical differences between these reaction types (positive, neutral, and negative). Markov chains’ analysis revealed distinct patterns in the behavioral transition probabilities, as dolphins were more likely to switch to a traveling state when vessels were nearby. This study is the first step towards understanding a potential impact source in the area since it is expected that tourism companies expand due to the increase in dolphin sightings in the estuary.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Assessing non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep: Psychometric properties of the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep scale in Portuguese samples
Get PDFObjectives
To adapt the Charlotte Attitudes Toward Sleep (CATS) scale, the only self-assessment instrument measuring non-dysfunctional attitudes toward sleep, into Portuguese and to study its psychometric properties in a Portuguese sample.
Method
A sample of 1858 participants, recruited through non-probabilistic methods, was randomly split in two subsamples; one was used to develop the CATS model, the other for testing model invariance. We used structural equation models to assess factorial validity, measurement invariance, and relationships with other variables (e.g., the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire) through confirmatory factorial analysis and causal models using a robust maximum likelihood method with Satorra-Bentler correction.
Results
The CATS factorial model showed excellent evidence of factorial validity (robust CFI = 0.987, TLI = 0.979, SRMR = 0.026, RMSEA = 0.043), good reliability indicators (α and ώ1 > 0.75), and strict invariance of measurement (|∆CFI|< 0.01). CATS factors were weak-to-moderate predictors of sleep behaviors (β < 0.4). The scale showed evidence of divergent validity with the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire. Some items had significant sensitivity problems and/or did not have adequate factorial weights and had to be dropped from the model.
Conclusions
The CATS is a new and promising scale with solid evidence of validity in terms of internal structure, but with sensitivity issues at item level. Further work should be carried out at item level to increase sensitivity and predictive validity, and further research with other samples, such as clinical sleep medicine patients, should be conducted.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Unpacking the contribution of deliberate self-harm diversity to suicide risk among adolescents
No full textSuicidality is a multifaceted phenomenon affected by several multisystemic vulnerabilities, including demographic, psychopathological, and family factors. However, few studies have explored the contribution of specific features of deliberate self-harm (DSH) to suicide risk, particularly DSH diversity, while also accounting for other relevant explanatory family and mental health dimensions. The main goal of this study was to examine if DSH diversity predicts the risk for suicide in adolescents in the presence of sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, and family relationship characteristics. This study consisted of 437 Portuguese adolescents (53.8% male, 42.8% female, 3.4% non-binary; Mage= 15.2, SD = 1.87), of which 220 confirmed having a lifetime history of DSH. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire measuring depressive symptomatology, interparental conflicts, family communication, DSH, and suicidal ideation. A logistic regression analysis was conducted. Our multivariate model revealed that depressive symptoms, family communication, and DSH diversity are predictors of suicide risk in adolescents. The strongest predictor was depressive symptoms. The analyses indicated that our global model has excellent predictive validity to discriminate between those with and without suicide risk, and the inclusion of DSH diversity enhances the identification of these vulnerable youth. In addition, our results suggest that non-binary gender adolescents are particularly at risk. The set of characteristics we found that predict suicide risk highlights the multisystemic nature of this phenomenon: individual/ psychopathological and relational dimensions. We also underscore the need to be vigilant of adolescents’ number of used DSH behaviors. Our findings provide valuable information for developing multisystemic targeted interventions aimed at preventing and reducing suicide risk among adolescents.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio