Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Mental time travel in mild cognitive impairment
No full textIntroduction: Mental Time Travel (MTT) is the people's ability to remember themselves in the past and to imagine themselves in the future, and influence important life domains such as making decisions and planning future actions. It is widely recognized that patients with aMCI have deficits in episodic memory, but they also show impairments in semantic memory. It has been controversial whether MTT tasks are disturbed in aMCI mainly in relation to internal details related to episodic information, or external details, representing semantic and other extraneous information. The present study assessed whether patients with aMCI are affected in MTT regarding generation of internal details and external details, in past and future dimensions. Furthermore, it analyzed production in individual detail categories (internal: event details, thought/emotion, place, time, perceptual; external: extraneous events, semantic, other, repetitions). Method: Twenty-nine patients with aMCI and 29 healthy controls underwent a MTT task based on an Autobiographical Interview, where they had to generate past and future events in response to cue words. Transcriptions were segmented and classified into internal detail categories and external detail categories, and composite scores were obtained. Results: Patients with aMCI could globally produce significantly less details than controls. Similar to controls, patients with aMCI produced more internal details than external details, had more difficulty in generating details regarding the future as compared to the past, and scored higher in the detail categories event details and thought/emotion which represent internal detail types. Conclusions: Patients with aMCI showed widespread deficits in MTT, presumably reflecting deficiencies in the complex and multiple cognitive abilities required for MTT tasks.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Estudo piloto da versão portuguesa da Escala de Aceitação e Ação para as Vozes: Propriedades psicométricas numa amostra clínica com perturbações do espectro da psicose
Get PDFAbstract: Given the recent interest in acceptance-based interventions for psychosis, it has been recommended that coping with voices mechanisms, namely experiential acceptance, are routinely assessed in clinical and research settings. The Voices Acceptance and Action Scale (VAAS-12) is a self-report measure developed to specifically assess acceptance-based or action-based beliefs in relation to verbal auditory hallucinations. This study aimed to translate, adapt and study the psychometric properties of the
Portuguese version of the VAAS-12 in a clinical sample within the psychosis-spectrum disorders. The VAAS-12 was translated and adapted to Portuguese. Its psychometric properties were then studied in a sample of fifty-four male participants, mostly single, unemployed, and with a last week voice hearing
experience. Confirmatory analysis was performed for the one-factor and two-factor structure suggested for the VAAS in previous studies. Both had unacceptable fit indicators. Exploratory analysis then yield an alternative two-factor structure (“Non-interference and action” and “Acceptance and Life
functioning” subscales) with adequate fit. Adequate internal consistency and construct validity were found, with the VAAS being negatively associated with perception of voices as hostile-dominant and resistance regarding voices. The VAAS-12 seems adequate to use in clinical and research studies, although further study is needed particularly regarding subscale “Acceptance and Life functioning”.Resumo: Tendo em conta o interesse recente nas intervenções baseadas na aceitação para a psicose, tem sido recomendado que os mecanismos de coping com as vozes, nomeadamente a aceitação experiencial, sejam avaliados no contexto clínico e de investigação. A Escala de Aceitação e Ação em relação às Vozes (VAAS-12) é um instrumento de autorresposta especificamente desenvolvido para avaliar as crenças baseadas na aceitação ou na ação em relação às alucinações auditivo-verbais. O presente estudo tem como objetivo a tradução, adaptação e estudo das propriedades psicométricas da versão 1portuguesa da VAAS-12 numa amostra clínica dentro do espectro das perturbações psicóticas. A VAAS-12 foi traduzida e adaptada para Português. As suas propriedades psicométricas foram
posteriormente estudadas numa amostra de cinquenta e quatro participantes do sexo masculino, maioritariamente solteiros, desempregados e com uma experiência de ouvir vozes na última semana. Foram realizadas análises fatoriais confirmatórias para as estruturas de um e dois fatores sugeridas
em estudos prévios, sendo que ambas apresentaram índices de ajustamento inaceitáveis. A análise fatorial exploratória realizada posteriormente revelou uma estrutura alternativa de dois fatores (“Não interferência e ação” e “Aceitação e Funcionamento”) que obteve ajustamento adequado. Foi
encontrada adequada consistência interna e validade de constructo, tendo sido encontradas associações negativas com a perceção das vozes como hostis-dominantes e resistência em relação às vozes. A VAAS-12 parece ser adequada para uso em contexto clínico e de investigação, embora mais estudos sejam necessários particularmente no que diz respeito à subescala “Aceitação e Funcionamento”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Dirty dozen: a concise measure of dark triad traits among at-risk youths
No full textThe Dark Triad is a term used to describe a constellation of three socially undesirable personality traits: psychopathy, narcissism,
and Machiavellianism. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Dirty Dozen scale, a brief
measure of the Dark Triad, among a sample of 412 at-risk youths from Portugal (M= 13.19 years; SD = 1.41; age range = 12–
17 years), composed of male (n = 200; M= 13.32 years; SD = 1.41 years) and female youths (n = 212; M= 13.08 years; SD =
1.41 years). As expected, our translation had a three-factor structure that was invariant across the sexes. Adequate psychometric
properties were demonstrated in terms of internal consistency (i.e., Cronbach’s alpha and Omega coefficient), convergent validity
(i.e., with measures of self-reported delinquency, and sensation seeking), discriminant validity (i.e., with measures of self-esteem,
and self-control), criterion-related validity (i.e., with drug use, and risky sex), and know-groups validity (boys versus girls). We
also found that sex differences in self-reported delinquency were partially mediated by sex differences in the Dark Triad traits.
Our findings suggest the Dirty Dozen is a valid and useful measure in the study of at-risk for delinquency adolescents.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comprehension, reasoning and problem solving : new cognitive assessment measure
No full textResumo: A capacidade de um indivíduo utilizar processos cognitivos para compreender, raciocinar e resolver situações concretas é reconhecida pela Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico como decisiva para a prática da cidadania. Um dos contextos privilegiados para essa formação é a Escola, definindo-se nela grande parte dos percursos educativos das crianças e jovens. A Bateria de Aptidões Cognitivas (BAC) é um novo instrumento que visa contribuir para o desenvolvimento de tomadas de decisão vocacional mais circunstanciadas e apoiar níveis diferenciados de desempenho escolar. Apoiada no sólido modelo de inteligência CHC, a BAC propõe-se avaliar três processos cognitivos de complexidade crescente (compreensão, raciocínio, e resolução de problemas) em três conteúdos-chave da capacidade intelectual humana (verbal, numérica e espacial). Construída de base para a população Portuguesa, a Bateria existe em duas versões: uma dirigida a jovens a frequentar os 2.º e 3.º ciclos do ensino básico (BAC_A) e outra, a jovens a frequentar o ensino secundário (BAC_B).
O seu estudo de validação, suportado nos dados de precisão, validade de constructo e validade externa confirmam as qualidades psicométricas do instrumento, reforçando a recomendação do seu uso na prática do/a psicólogo/a. O estudo de aferição nacional é composto por uma amostra aleatória e representativa de adolescentes a frequentar escolas públicas de todas as regiões de Portugal (Norte, Centro, Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, Sul, arquipélagos da Madeira e Açores), entre o 6.º e o 12.º ano de escolaridade. Além de testada nesta amostra do ensino dito regular, a Bateria foi também estudada, de forma exploratória, em duas subamostras específicas, nomeadamente, Ensino Profissional e Ensino Artístico Especializado.Abstract: The ability of an individual to use cognitive processes to understand, to reason and to solve specific situations is recognized by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development as crucial to the practice of citizenship. School is one of the privileged contexts for this practice, where children and young people make their educational decisions. The Bateria de Aptidões Cognitivas (BAC) / Battery of Cognitive Abilities (BCA) is a new cognitive assessment measure that aims to contribute to the development of more informed vocational decision-making and to support differentiated levels
of school achievement. Based on the CHC intelligence model, BCA is aiming to evaluate three cognitive processes of increasing complexity (comprehension, reasoning, and problem solving) in three key contents of human intellectual capacity (verbal, numerical and spatial). Developed for the
Portuguese population, the Battery exists in two versions: one aimed at young people attending the 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education (BCA_A) and another, for young people attending secondary education (BCA_B). Their validation study, supported by precision, construct validity and external
validity results confirm the psychometric qualities of the measure, reinforcing the recommendation of its use in the psychologists’ practice. The national standardization study is composed of a random and representative sample of adolescents attending public schools in all regions of Portugal (North, Center, Lisbon and Tagus Valley, South, Madeira and Azores archipelagos), between the 6th and the 12th grades. Besides being tested in this sample of regular education, the Battery was also studied, in an exploratory way, in two specific subsamples, namely, Professional Education and Specialized Artistic Education.
.Este trabalho insere-se no âmbito do pós-doutoramento da investigadora-bolseira FCT com a referência (SFRH/BPD/93009/2013), financiado pelo CIEd – Centro de Investigação em Educação, projeto UID/CED/01661/2019, Instituto de Educação, Universidade do Minho, através de fundos nacionais FCT/MCTES-PT.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The portuguese 35-item survey of pain attitudes applied to portuguese women with endometriosis
No full textBackground and aims endometriosis is a gynecologic recurring persistent condition affecting from 8% to 15% of premenopausal women worldwide. About 80% of women with endometriosis have at least one form of chronic pain - a multidimensional experience influenced by a number of psychosocial factors, including pain-related beliefs. The Survey of Pain Attitudes is the most commonly used measure of pain-related beliefs. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Portuguese version of a brief version of the SOPA (the SOPA-35) in a sample of Portuguese women with Endometriosis. Methods A sample of 199 Portuguese women with Endometriosis provided demographic and pain history information, and completed a Portuguese version of the SOPA-35 and measures of pain intensity, disability, and psychological function. Analyses were performed to evaluate the factor structure of the Portuguese SOPA-35 items as well as the internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity of the scale scores. Results Confirmatory factor analysis supported a six-factor solution for a 19-item version of the Portuguese version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (SOPA-19-P). The six scales evidenced marginal to good reliability (Cronbach's alphas: between 0.60 and 0.84; composite reliability: between 0.61 and 0.84). Four scales evidenced acceptable to good convergent validity (AVE: between 0.51 and 0.63). The findings also supported the concurrent validity of the SOPA-19-P. Conclusions The results support the use of the Portuguese SOPA-19-P for research and clinical purposes with Portuguese women in chronic pain due to endometriosis. Future research is warranted to further develop a European Portuguese version of SOPA. Implications The findings provide psychometric information about the SOPA-19-P. The results are helpful to researchers wishing to study the role of pain-related beliefs and their association with adjustment and treatment outcomes in women with chronic pain due to endometriosis.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Network dynamics of affiliative ties in preschool peer groups
No full textThis study investigated the network dynamics of affiliative ties in Portuguese preschool children, over three
consecutive school years, using stochastic actor-based models. Our first goal was to test the extent to which
different criteria to identify ties from observational data lead to different theoretical interpretations of model
estimates. Contrary to past observational studies the data we use here takes into account the identities of
children responsible for initiating social interactions. The second goal was to test the influence of two interaction
effects involving reciprocity to analyze if reciprocity is constrained by the presence of transitive ties and if it
constrains the creation and maintenance of new unreciprocated ties. Results showed that most effects were
robust to changes in criteria to operationalize ties, supporting previous descriptions of preschool network dynamics.
Also, contrary to recent findings in older samples, being embedded in a transitive triad did not make an
unreciprocated dyad more likely to be maintained. Finally, results showed that the existence of reciprocal ties
decreased preschool children’s tendency to create new ties.Fundação para a Ciência e a
Tecnologia FCT; National Science Foundationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Interoceptive awareness, alexithymia, and sexual function
No full textResearch in women suggests a relation between sexual difficulties and lower interoceptive awareness, the conscious perception of internal bodily states. Lower interoceptive awareness is theoretically linked to greater alexithymia, which has been related to sexual dysfunctions. Hence, we examined the relations of interoceptive awareness and alexithymia with several dimensions of sexual functioning in a nonclinical sample of both sexes. Methods: Three hundred forty Portuguese (228 women, 112 men) completed the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). Women additionally completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised (FSDS-R). Men additionally completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and one question on difficulties delaying ejaculation. Greater alexithymia correlated with lesser interoceptive awareness. For women, greater alexithymia and lesser interoceptive awareness correlated with lesser arousal, lesser lubrication, more orgasm difficulties, more dissatisfaction, more pain, and more sexual distress. Higher female desire correlated with greater interoceptive awareness, but was unrelated to alexithymia. In men, lesser interoceptive awareness correlated with more difficulties delaying ejaculation, and greater alexithymia correlated with more erectile difficulties. The present investigation corroborates that awareness of emotions and internal bodily states is important for sexual functioning.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Recensão crítica: Pathways into Information Literacy and communities of practice: teaching approaches and case studies
No full textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
ECS : escala de competências sociais : construção de uma escala para a população portuguesa. Estudo exploratório das qualidades psicométricas. Um contributo
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado realizada apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.Capital Humano é um investimento prioritário para as organizações que querem estar na “crista da onda”. Para lidar com a demanda de negócios e da economia da sociedade de hoje, os profissionais de gestão de negócios e recursos humanos procuram cada vez mais indivíduos altamente qualificados na área social. O uso de escalas psicométricas por profissionais que avaliam pessoas é prática comum. No entanto, não existe uma escala que avalie competências sociais, desenhada de raiz para a população Portuguesa.
Neste estudo, projetámos a construção de um instrumento de avaliação de competências sociais, centrado na cultura Portuguesa. Para este objetivo, realizaram-se quatro aplicações experimentais e uma final que envolveram um total de 1562 participantes.
Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória , evidenciam uma escala tridimensional, avaliadora de competências sociais na dimensão Sociabilidade com cinco itens, Gestão de Conflitos com quatro itens e Reivindicação de Direitos com três itens. Encontrou-se uma fiabilidade de 0.86 para a Sociabilidade, 0.85 para a Gestão de Conflitos e de 0.80 para a Reivindicação de Direitos. Os estudos de validade convergente e discriminante são descritos.Human Capital is one priority investment for organizations willing to “ride the wave”. To cope with business demand of today’s economy and society, business management and human resource practitioners are increasingly searching for highly social skilled individuals. Use of psychometric scales by professionals who evaluate people is common practice. However, there is not a scale specifically designed for measuring social skills at the Portuguese population. In this study, focused on the Portuguese culture, we designed a social skills assessment tool. To that end, four experimental applications and one final, were carried out involving a total of 1562 participants.
The findings of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the proposal consisting with three-dimensional scale, that evaluates social skills in the Sociability area in five items, Conflict Management four items and Rights Claims three items. A reliability of 0.86 for Sociability, 0.85 for Conflict Management and 0.80 for Rights Claim was found. Convergent and discriminant validity studies are described
Clima de sala de aula na disciplina de matemática : uma abordagem preditiva dos resultados escolares em alunos do 2º ciclo do ensino básico
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia da Educação.O clima de sala de aula é decisivo para a compreensão dos resultados escolares.
Pretendemos com este estudo descrever as perceções dos alunos sobre o clima de
sala de aula da disciplina de matemática do 2º Ciclo e estimar os seus resultados a partir
dessas perceções. 955 alunos responderam a um questionário com 37 itens através de uma
escala Likert com 6 pontos. A análise da sua estrutura fatorial revelou 6 fatores: 1)
Suporte do Professor, 2) Orientação para a Tarefa, 3) Aplicabilidade da Matemática, 4)
Planificação do Trabalho, 5) Práticas de Diferenciação em Sala de Aula e 6) Cooperação
em Sala de Aula.
Os dados obtidos confirmaram a estrutura multidimensional do clima de sala de
aula e revelaram que os alunos o percecionam de forma positiva. Relativamente às
variáveis independentes consideradas, verificaram-se diferenças significativas para a
dimensão das turmas e para o insucesso escolar. Não se verificaram diferenças para o
sexo dos alunos. Por fim, uma regressão linear múltipla com o método stepwise, revelou
um modelo significativo constituído pelas variáveis Orientação para a Tarefa e Práticas
de Diferenciação em Sala de Aula. Este modelo explica 20% da variabilidade dos
resultados escolares em função das perceções do clima de sala de aula.
Com base nestes resultados sugere-se que a organização do trabalho nas aulas de
matemática considere as diferenças entre os alunos e os guie e clarifique no trabalho a realizar.The classroom climate is critical to understanding school outcomes.
We intend with this study to describe the students' perceptions about the classroom
climate of the 2nd cycle mathematics discipline and to estimate their results from these
perceptions. 955 students answered a 37-item questionnaire using a 6-point Likert scale.
Analysis of its factorial structure revealed 6 factors: 1) Teacher Support, 2) Task
Orientation, 3) Mathematical Applicability, 4) Work Planning, 5) Classroom
Differentiation Practices and 6) Classroom Cooperation of class.
The data obtained confirmed the multidimensional structure of the classroom
climate and revealed that students perceive it positively. Regarding the independent
variables considered, significant differences were found for class size and school failure.
There were no differences for students' gender. Finally, a stepwise multiple linear
regression revealed a significant model consisting of the Task Orientation and Classroom
Differentiation Practice variables. This model explains 20% of the variability of school
outcomes as a function of classroom climate perceptions.
Based on these results it is suggested that the organization of work in math classes
consider the differences between students and guide and clarify the work to be done