Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Correction to: Does religiosity/spirituality play a role in function, pain‑related beliefs, and coping in patients with chronic pain? A systematic review
No full textThis systematic review examined the extent to which measures of religiosity/spirituality
(R/S): (1) are associated with pain, function, pain-related beliefs (beliefs),
coping responses, and catastrophizing in people with chronic pain; and (2) moderate
the association between beliefs, coping and catastrophizing, and pain and
function. Experimental and observational studies examining at least one of these
research questions in adults with chronic pain were eligible. Two reviewers independently
performed eligibility screening, data extraction, and quality assessment.
Twenty studies were included. Most studies focused on the association between R/S
and pain or function. When significant associations emerged, those between R/S and
psychological function were weak to strong and positive; those between religious/
spiritual well-being and pain and physical dysfunction were negative, but weak. Few
studies examined the associations between R/S and beliefs/coping/catastrophizing;
none examined the moderation role of R/S. The findings suggest that R/S is associated
with pain and psychological function in people with chronic pain, and that
viewing oneself as being “spiritual,” regardless of religion, may contribute to positive
psychological adjustment. More research is needed to determine the reliability
of this finding. PROSPERO registry CRD42018088803.The original publication of the article contains an error in the co-author name and
textual error in Results section.
The family name of the co-author Saurab Sharma should be Sharma instead of
Sharmam. The original article has been corrected.
In Results section, last para should read as given below:
The aims we initially proposed in the PROSPERO protocol for this systematic
review included examining whether religion is associated with measures of pain
and function and the extent to which pain-related beliefs, pain-coping responses and
catastrophizing in adults with chronic pain are different or similar in people with different
religious affiliation. However, the studies examining such comparisons were not included in this review, due to concerns about religious affiliation comparisons,
noted previously. Twenty studies were included in the final analysis of the systematic
review.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Routes for specialization in psychology throughout Europe
Get PDFThe specialization of psychology helps to delineate fields in the practice of psychology. When establishing professional qualification criteria, associations seek to promote, in their members, scientific skills and knowledge considered fundamental for the practice of psychology in a given area. The present study reports on a survey of the member associations of the European Federation of Psychologists Associations (EFPA). The survey inquired about: (a) the initial requisites for entering the profession and (b) additional requisites for specialization. Of the 37 associations contacted, 14 replied and we retrieved the information of 12 associations from their official websites. The results indicate that specialization is widespread throughout Europe and is independent of the regulation of the profession. In almost half of the countries considered, the specialization process is completed in universities-it is frequently associated with the postgraduate level of the EuroPsy-and relies on conventional learning methods. The number of existing specialties in psychology is very high, but the traditional areas (clinical and health, education, and social/organizational) are more prevalent. The results are discussed in light of the advantages, but also the challenges posed by the specialization in psychology. A continuous model of the specialization of psychology is proposed with two stages: broad and advanced psychology areas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Programa de apoio à integração académica e social : mentoria entre pares
No full textTese de Doutoramento em Psicologia na área de especialização de Educação apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto UniversitárioResumo não fornecido pelo autor / Abstract not provided by the autho
Consequências percebidas e autoconceito associados à manutenção da obesidade : um estudo qualitativo
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Univer-sitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia da SaúdeIntrodução: Em 2014, segundo os dados publicados pelo Inquérito Nacional de Saúde, a pre-valência da obesidade nos adultos representava 16,2% em Portugal Continental, 18,5% na Ma-deira, e 22,1% nos Açores. A presente investigação pretende explorar as consequências perce-bidas da manutenção da obesidade e o autoconceito espontâneo em adultos. Método: A amostra é composta por 33 mulheres e 13 homens com idade média de 45,5 anos (DP=11,91 anos) e IMC médio de 39,3kg/m2 (DP=5,55kg/m2). Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais; de se-guida transcritas e codificadas com o recurso a duas técnicas: a análise de conteúdo e a análise temática. Resultados: As consequências negativas da manutenção da obesidade identificadas na amostra (N=46) foram classificadas entre as seguintes categorias: mobilidade (citada por n=39); social (n=34); saúde (n=33); pessoal (n=30); familiares (n=17); parceiro(a); (n=13), pro-fissional (n=12) e filhos (n=11). Consequências positivas foram igualmente mencionadas: a manutenção de uma dieta sem restrições, a boa disposição, sendo esta uma consequência resul-tante da primeira, ser alvo de exigências menores a nível académico e não ter rugas. O autocon-ceito espontâneo negativo obteve no global maior número de menções que o positivo; e foi evidenciado uma insatisfação com a imagem corporal na maioria da amostra. Conclusão: O autoconceito espontâneo positivo, apesar de ser menos representado, poderá revelar focos tera-pêuticos a serem aproveitados em contexto clínico (e.g., traços psicológicos). Por outro lado, entende-se a importância de identificar as consequências percebidas, quer positivas (e.g., boa disposição), quer negativas (e.g., experiências de estigmatização) pela possibilidade de serem barreiras à perda de peso bem-sucedida.Introduction: In 2014, according to data published by the National Health Survey, the preva-lence of obesity in adults represented 16.2% in mainland Portugal, 18.5% in Madeira, and 22.1% in the Azores. This research aims to explore the perceived consequences of maintaining obesity and spontaneous self-concept in adults. Method: The sample consists of 33 women and 13 men with a mean age of 45.5 years (SD=11.91 years) and a mean BMI of 39.3kg/m2 (SD = 5.55 kg/m2). Individual interviews were conducted; then transcribed and coded using two tech-niques: content analysis and thematic analysis. Results: The perceived negative consequences of maintaining obesity identified in the sample (N=46) were classified into the following cate-gories: mobility (cited by n=39); social (n=34); health (n=33); personal (n=30); family members (n=17); partner (n=13); professional (n=12); and children (n=11). Positive consequences were also mentioned: the maintenance of a diet without restrictions, the good mood, which is a con-sequence of the first, being subjected to lower academic requirements and not having wrinkles. Negative spontaneous self-concept obtained a greater number of mentions than positive ones; and dissatisfaction with body image was evidenced in most of the sample. Conclusion: Positive spontaneous self-concept, although less represented, may reveal therapeutic foci to be har-nessed in the clinical context (e.g., psychological traits). On the other hand, it is understood the importance of identifying the perceived consequences, either positive (e.g., good mood) or neg-ative (e.g., stigmatization experiences) by the possibility of being barriers to weight loss
Os scripts culturais de vida e importantes memórias autobiográficas : estudo na população portuguesa
No full textDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação do Prof. Doutor António Pazo Pires, apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Psicologia ClínicaOs Scripts Culturais de Vida são expectativas partilhadas culturalmente quanto à ordem e tempo em que importantes acontecimentos transitivos devem ocorrer num curso de vida prototípico de uma determinada cultura. São conhecimento semântico, permitem estabilidade, sendo centrais na vida dos sujeitos. São de grande importância para a compreensão da memória autobiográfica quanto ao seu papel na organização e recordação de importantes memórias com carga emocional associada. Assim, os scripts permitem uma explicação para o efeito de reminiscência – fenómeno observado na distribuição temporal das memórias autobiográficas. Enfatiza-se o efeito de positividade referentes a eventos de scripts no período da adolescência e início da vida adulta.
O objectivo desta investigação centrou-se no estudo de algumas propriedades dos scripts culturais de vida, na relação entre estes e eventos de história de vida, comparação das suas distribuições temporais numa amostra da população portuguesa. Neste estudo o protocolo instrumental aplicado foi constituído pelo Questionário Sócio-Demográfico, Questionário de Scripts de Vida, Questionário de Eventos de História de Vida, Escala Centralidade de Evento e B.D.I. A amostra é composta por 123 participantes (75 do género feminino e 48 masculino) com média de idade 46,42. Os resultados demonstraram existir estabilidade quanto às categorias dos scripts previamente geradas. Verificou-se sobreposição e efeito de reminiscência em ambas as distribuições temporais para eventos de valência emocional positiva. Encontrou-se uma distribuição temporal não uniforme para eventos de scripts e de história de vida de valência emocional negativa. Estes resultados são relevantes não indo de encontro à literatura, distinguindo-se de outras investigações.Cultural Life Scripts are culturally shared expectations as to the order and timing of important life events in a prototypical life course within a given culture. They’re semantic knowledge that allows stability, being central to the lives of the subjects. They are of great importance for the understanding of autobiographical memory as to it’s central role in the organization and remembering importante memories with emocional valence associated. Thus, the scripts provide na explanation for the reminiscence effect – phenomenon observed in the temporal distribuition of autobiographical memories.The effect of positivity related to script event in adolescence and early adulthodd is emphasized.
The aim of this investigation was to study some properties of cultural life scripts, the relationship between these and personal life events, comparing their temporal distributions in a sample of portuguese population. In this study the protocol apllied consisted of Social-Demographic Quetionnaire, Life Script Questionnaire, Life History Event Questionnaire, Event Centrality Scale and Beck’s Depression Inventory. The sample consisted of 123 participants (75 females and 48 males) with a mean age of 46.42. The results demonstrated stability regarding the script categories previously generated. There was overlap and reminiscence effect in both temporal distributions for positive emotional valence events. A non uniform temporal distribution was found for negative emotional valence script and life story events. These results are relevant and contradict the literature, distinguishing from others investigations
Coping em pessoas com dor crónica nos EUA e em Portugal : estudo comparativo exploratório
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaA dor crónica é uma experiência subjetiva, idiossincrática, privada e multidimensional, influenciada por fatores biológicos (e.g. etiologia da dor), psicológicos (e.g. crenças, estratégias de coping) e socioculturais (e.g. suporte social). Acredita-se que a cultura possa ter influência no impacto e na experiência de dor e, por sua vez, influenciar as estratégias de coping adotadas para lidar com a dor em indivíduos com diferentes background cultural. O presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar as estratégias de coping utilizadas por pessoas com dor crónica norte americanas e portuguesas e, comparar a sua utilidade para lidar com a dor. A amostra foi constituída por 21 participantes adultos com dor crónica há mais de 12 meses. Destes participantes 12 eram de nacionalidade portuguesa. Estes participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, a uma escala numérica de intensidade da dor, a uma escala de interferência da dor do Brief Pain Inventory e a entrevistas semiestruturadas em grupos focais. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que existem muitas comunalidades, mas também muitas diferenças na forma de lidar com a dor em pessoas com dor crónica de ambas as nacionalidades. Estes resultados demonstram que as diferenças encontradas permitem supor que a cultura apresenta um papel relevante na determinação da forma como as pessoas lidam com a dor, o significado que lhe atribuem e o que pensam acerca da dor.Chronic pain is a subjective, idiosyncratic, private, and multidimensional experience influenced by biological (e.g. pain etiology), psychological (e.g. beliefs, coping strategies), and sociocultural (e.g. social support) factors. It is believed that culture can influence the impact and experience of pain, and in turn influence the coping strategies adopted to deal with pain in individuals with different cultural backgrounds. This study aims to compare the coping strategies used by North American and Portuguese people with chronic pain, and to compare their utility in coping with it. The sample comprised of 21 adult participants with chronic pain for over 12 months. Of these participants, 12 were of Portuguese nationality. The participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, with a pain intensity numeric scale, a Brief Pain Inventory pain interference scale, and a semi-structured focus group interview. This study shows us that there are many commonalities and many differences in people, of both nationalities, with chronic pain on how to deal with it. These results show the differences found and allow us to suppose that culture plays a relevant role in determining how people deal with pain, the meaning they give it, and what they think about pain
Views from Portuguese teachers on multilingualism and educational practices in multilingual classrooms
Get PDFResumo: A Europa é uma realidade linguística diversa e heterogénea que enfrenta o desafio de educar uma população cada vez mais multicultural e multilingue. Os professores de língua(s) são atores nesta realidade, promovendo o multilinguismo e integrando a diversidade. Portugal não foge ao paradigma do multilinguismo e as escolas e professores portugueses vão-se adaptando a uma realidade que, não sendo nova, tem novos contornos. Neste artigo, analisam-se as conceções de professores portugueses sobre multilinguismo e as práticas educativas desenvolvidas em salas de aula multilingues por eles referidas. Os participantes foram 505 professores de todos os ciclos de ensino a lecionar em salas de aula multilingues. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário criado pelo Grupo Multilingue da Rede Europeia de Literacia traduzido e adaptado para Portugal que foi respondido online. Os resultados mostram uma baixa concentração de imigrantes por turma, o lugar de destaque do inglês como segunda língua, professores com uma atitude de abertura face à diversidade linguística, multilingues e esclarecidos acerca do multilinguismo, valorizando a língua e cultura dos estudantes. Acreditam que o conhecimento de línguas se constitui como uma mais-valia no desenvolvimento académico e cognitivo dos estudantes.Abstract: Europe is a diverse and heterogeneous linguistic community that faces the challenge of educating an increasingly multicultural and multilingual population. Language teachers are key players on this regard as they may foster multilingualism and contribute to students’ inclusion in their classrooms. Portugal is no exception and Portuguese schools and teachers are adapting to an increasingly multilingual society, a situation that is not entirely new but nevertheless presents new challenges. In the present article, we analyse teachers’ conceptions regarding multilingualism in Portugal and the educational practices developed in multilingual classrooms. Participants were 505 teachers from all levels of education teaching in multilingual classrooms. A questionnaire created by the multilingual group of the European Literacy Network translated and adapted for Portugal was answered online. The results show a low concentration of immigrant children per class, the prominent role of English as a second language, teachers with an open attitude towards linguistic diversity, who are multilingual and aware of
multilingualism, and value the language and culture of their students. They believe that being able to master different languages is an asset to the students' academic and cognitive development.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Lifetime, 5-year and past-year prevalence of homelessness in Europe: a cross-national survey in eight European nations
Get PDFObjectives To examine the lifetime, 5-year
and past-year
prevalence of homelessness among European citizens in
eight European nations.
Design A nationally representative telephone survey
using trained bilingual interviewers and computer-assisted
telephone interview software.
Setting The study was conducted in France, Ireland, Italy,
the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain and Sweden.
Participants European adult citizens, selected from opt-in
panels from March to December 2017. Total desired
sample size was 5600, with 700 per country. Expected
response rates of approximately 30% led to initial sample
sizes of 2500 per country.
Main outcome measures History of homelessness
was assessed for lifetime, past 5 years and past
year. Sociodemographic data were collected to
assess correlates of homelessness prevalence using
generalised linear models for clustered and weighted
samples.
Results Response rates ranged from 30.4% to 33.5%
(n=5631). Homelessness prevalence was 4.96% for
lifetime (95% CI 4.39% to 5.59%), 1.92% in the past 5
years (95% CI 1.57% to 2.33%) and 0.71% for the past
year (95% CI 0.51% to 0.98%) and varied significantly
between countries (pairwise comparison difference
test, p<0.0001). Time spent homeless ranged between
less than a week (21%) and more than a year (18%),
with high contrasts between countries (p<0.0001).
Male gender, age 45–54, lower secondary education,
single status, unemployment and an urban environment
were all independently strongly associated with lifetime
homelessness (all OR >1.5).
Conclusions The prevalence of homelessness among
the surveyed nations is significantly higher than might be
expected from point-in-
time
and homeless service use
statistics. There was substantial variation in estimated
prevalence across the eight nations. Coupled with the
well-established
health impacts of homelessness, medical
professionals need to be aware of the increased health
risks of those with experience of homelessness. These
findings support policies aiming to improve health services
for people exposed to homelessness.European Commissioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Análise das atitudes e dos comportamentos em relação às TIC em crianças e jovens entre os 5 e os 14 anos
No full textDissertação de Mestrado realizada sob a orientação de
Professora Doutora Ivone Patrão, apresentada no ISPA –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia da SaúdeSegundo o PORDATA (2018), há um aumento do número de utilizadores da internet em
Portugal, bastante facilitado pela também crescente utilização de aparelhos digitais móveis. As
crianças e jovens podem estar expostos a riscos inerentes ao uso da internet, quer a nível físico,
quer a psicológico. Torna-se imperioso o desenvolvimento de ferramentas na área da promoção
da saúde com o objetivo de promover um uso saudável das tecnologias. O objetivo deste estudo
foi a análise das atitudes e comportamentos em relação as TIC em crianças e jovens dos 5 aos
14 anos, esta análise foi feita em dois momentos do processo de construção de um jogo para a
promoção do uso saudável da tecnologia. Os resultados obtidos numa primeira fase com uma
amostra de 459 crianças e jovens (M= 7,7; DP=1,1), indicam um uso elevado das tecnologias
no dia-a-dia, enquanto que na segunda fase, com uma amostra de 613 crianças e jovens, os
resultados obtidos permitem identificar um maior número de comportamentos/atitudes não
saudáveis perante as TIC. Foi também observada a importância do controlo parental no acesso
à internet promovendo assim um uso saudável das tecnologias. Constatou-se que é uma maisvalia
a utilização da gamificação na área dos comportamentos e dependências online.Based on the PORDATA (2018) statistics, there’s been a rise in the number of Internet users in
Portugal based on the easy access from all mobile devices these days. Children and Teenagers
may be exposed to certain intrinsic risks whether it be physical or psychological from said
usage. It’s essential the development of tools for the promotion of a healthier usage of said
devisees and technologies. The objective of these study was to monitor the behaver of children
between the ages 5 and 14 years old in relation to TIC. The children were observed in two
stages of a game (2050 Mission) that promotes healthier usage of technologies. The 1st stage
was the development of the game, with the results from a sample of 459 children (M= 7,7;
DP=1,1), indicate a high usage of technologies in the day to day while the 2nd stage that was
the execution of the game with a sample of 613 children showed that they spend too much time
on said devices there for not socializing with others, bad dietary habits, etc. The results showed
that parental control is more important these days than ever before, because it promotes a
healthier usage of the internet. Gamification is essential in area of online behavior and
dependencies
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