Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Evidence for trophic differences between live and bycatch oceanic juvenile loggerhead sea turtles
No full textThe loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta is a vulnerable migratory species that spends its first years of life in the open sea.
During this developmental phase, loggerheads can be found foraging in the epipelagic zone of the waters surrounding the
Madeira Archipelago, providing a rare opportunity to gather information on the ecology of its oceanic developmental stage.
In this study, we characterized the isotopic niche of these juveniles, using stable isotope analysis. We assessed two groups
of turtles, turtles captured alive (n = 24) and turtles captured as bycatch on local longlines (n = 12), and explored whether
animals caught in the local fishing gear represented a random sample of the population, or whether there is some evidence for
a specialized foraging behaviour. We found that turtle bycatch had a significantly higher mean stable nitrogen isotope value in
whole blood (δ15N = 8.5 ± 0.6‰ SD) compared to the group of turtles captured alive in the same period (δ15N = 7.6 ± 0.5‰
SD), indicating that they had a different diet. While there was a tendency for turtle bycatch to be slightly larger, we found
no effect of body size on δ15N values. We propose a distinct foraging behaviour strategy hypothesis, with a group of turtles
being more susceptible to interactions with fisheries and thus having a higher mortality risk, which should motivate the
implementation of existing guidelines to reduce sea turtle bycatch.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Views from Portuguese teachers on multilingualism and educational practices in multilingual classrooms
No full textA Europa é uma realidade linguística diversa e heterogénea que enfrenta o desafio de educar uma
população cada vez mais multicultural e multilingue. Os professores de língua(s) são atores nesta
realidade, promovendo o multilinguismo e integrando a diversidade. Portugal não foge ao paradigma
do multilinguismo e as escolas e professores portugueses vão-se adaptando a uma realidade que, não
sendo nova, tem novos contornos. Neste artigo, analisam-se as conceções de professores portugueses
sobre multilinguismo e as práticas educativas desenvolvidas em salas de aula multilingues por eles
referidas. Os participantes foram 505 professores de todos os ciclos de ensino a lecionar em salas de
aula multilingues. O instrumento utilizado foi um questionário criado pelo Grupo Multilingue da Rede
Europeia de Literacia traduzido e adaptado para Portugal que foi respondido online. Os resultados
mostram uma baixa concentração de imigrantes por turma, o lugar de destaque do inglês como segunda
língua, professores com uma atitude de abertura face à diversidade linguística, multilingues e
esclarecidos acerca do multilinguismo, valorizando a língua e cultura dos estudantes. Acreditam que
o conhecimento de línguas se constitui como uma mais-valia no desenvolvimento académico e
cognitivo dos estudantes.Europe is a diverse and heterogeneous linguistic community that faces the challenge of educating an
increasingly multicultural and multilingual population. Language teachers are key players on this regard
as they may foster multilingualism and contribute to students’ inclusion in their classrooms. Portugal is
no exception and Portuguese schools and teachers are adapting to an increasingly multilingual society,
a situation that is not entirely new but nevertheless presents new challenges. In the present article, we
analyse teachers’ conceptions regarding multilingualism in Portugal and the educational practices
developed in multilingual classrooms. Participants were 505 teachers from all levels of education
teaching in multilingual classrooms. A questionnaire created by the multilingual group of the European
Literacy Network translated and adapted for Portugal was answered online. The results show a low
concentration of immigrant children per class, the prominent role of English as a second language,
teachers with an open attitude towards linguistic diversity, who are multilingual and aware of
multilingualism, and value the language and culture of their students. They believe that being able to
master different languages is an asset to the students' academic and cognitive development.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A hierarchical-drift diffusion model of the roles of hunger, caloric density and valence in food selection
Get PDFDecisions based on affectively relevant stimuli, such as food items, hardly follow strictly rational rules. Being hungry, the food's caloric density, and the subjective valence attributed to various foods are known factors that modulate food choices. Yet, how these factors relatively and altogether contribute to the food choice process is still unknown. In this study, we showed 16 healthy young adults low- and high-calorie food when hungry or fed, and we asked them to evaluate the valence of each visually-presented food. To compute the relative influence of hunger, caloric density and valence on food choice, we applied a hierarchical drift diffusion model (HDDM). Results indicated that hunger, caloric density and valence affected how fast participants accumulated information in favor of the chosen item over the other. When fed, participants were faster in choosing low-calorie foods and foods with a higher valence. Conversely, when hungry, participants were faster in choosing high-calorie foods, including food items with lower subjective valence. All in all, these findings confirm the complex nature of food choices and the usefulness of nuanced computational models to address the multifaceted nature of decision-making and value assessment processes affecting food selection.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH), masculinity and relationship and sexual satisfaction: are sexual symptoms of LOH mediators of traditional masculinity on relationship and sexual satisfaction?
Get PDFBackground Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is characterised by significant changes in the male life cycle, and may increase the likelihood of experiencing sexual difficulties. Further, it is assumed that traditional gender roles (masculinity) can affect the experience of sexual difficulties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of masculinity on sexual symptoms of LOH, as well as on sexual and relational satisfaction.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Sexual frequency and heart rate variability in a Portuguese non-clinical sample: Preliminary results
No full textMaior frequência coital tem-se associado a maior desvio padrão da frequência cardíaca, um parâmetro
da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) que pode expressar maior actividade simpática e
parassimpática. No presente estudo examinaram-se associações de diversos parâmetros da VFC com
a satisfação sexual e a frequência de vários comportamentos sexuais. Sessenta homens e 85 mulheres
relataram a sua satisfação sexual com a respectiva subescala da LiSat (Life Satisfaction) scale e qual
a frequência em dias no mês precedente de coito vaginal, sexo não coital e masturbação. Os parâmetros
da VFC foram calculados a partir de cinco minutos de ECG em repouso (desvio padrão da frequência
cardíaca, desvio padrão dos intervalos entre batidas cardíacas, potência de alta frequência, potência
de baixa frequência e razão entre baixa e alta frequência). A frequência coital associou-se a maior
desvio padrão da frequência cardíaca na amostra feminina, mas não na masculina. A frequência coital
não se correlacionou com nenhum outro parâmetro da VFC. A satisfação sexual não se correlacionou
com nenhum parâmetro da VFC. A frequência coital poderá ser facilitada por maior actividade
parassimpática a par duma moderadamente elevada actividade simpática cardíaca.Greater vaginal intercourse frequency has been related to greater resting heart rate variability (HRV)
as indicated by the standard deviation of the heart rate, which can express a combination of greater
sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. The present study examined associations of several HRV
parameters with sexual satisfaction and several sexual behaviours. Sixty men and 85 women reported
their past month frequency of vaginal intercourse, noncoital sex, and masturbation, and completed
the sexual satisfaction subscale of the LiSat (Life Satisfaction) scale. The HRV parameters were
calculated from a five-minute recording period and include standard deviation of the heart rate,
standard deviation of the NN intervals, low frequency power, high frequency power, and low to high
frequency ratio. Vaginal intercourse frequency correlated with greater sexual satisfaction in both sexes,
and with greater standard deviation of the heart rate in women. The other HRV parameters were
uncorrelated with vaginal intercourse frequency. Sexual satisfaction was uncorrelated with all HRV
parameters. Vaginal intercourse frequency might be facilitated by greater parasympathetic tone
concomitant with a moderately greater tonic sympathetic activity.Fundação para a Ciência e TecnologiaWilliam James Center for Research, ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Loneliness and depressive symptomatology in elderly people
No full textResumo: A solidão e a depressão encontram-se relacionadas com o bem-estar psicológico na velhice. Contudo, esta relação não é clara dada a complexidade destas dimensões, nomeadamente da solidão. Este estudo
pretende avaliar estas duas dimensões e discutir a sua relação em pessoas idosas, considerando aspetos sociodemográficos. Participaram no estudo 213 pessoas com idades entre os 65 e os 96 anos, sendo a média de idades de 75 anos (DP=6.74). Foram utilizados como instrumentos de avaliação, um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS) (Pocinho, Farate, Dias, Lee, & Yesavage, 2009) e questões diretas para avaliar a solidão (Paúl, Fonseca, Ribeiro, & Teles, 2006). Os resultados indicam que 26.76% (57) dos indivíduos apresentaram sintomatologia depressiva. Verificaram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os géneros, níveis de escolaridade, estados civis e condições de vida dos participantes. Relativamente à experiência de solidão, 12.7% (27) dos indivíduos apresentaram solidão. Foram, também, encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas entre a solidão e o género, e o estado civil e as condições de vida dos participantes. Os resultados revelaram uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a solidão e a sintomatologia
depressiva [χ2(2)=35.315; p<0.001)], constatando-se que 35.1% (20) dos participantes apresentam solidão e sintomatologia depressiva. Este estudo alerta para a importância de se perceber a relação entre a solidão e a depressão para que, no desenho de avaliações e intervenções para a velhice, se otimizem as configurações da rede social da pessoa idosa para uma melhoria da sua saúde e qualidade de vida.Abstract: Loneliness and depression are related to the psychological well-being in old age. However, this relationship is not clear because of the complexity of these dimensions, namely the solitude. The objective of this study is to examine these two dimensions and discuss the relationship in elderly people. This study included 213 people aged 65 and 96 years old, and the average age was 75 years old (DP=6.74). Data were collected using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) (Pocinho, Farate, Dias, Lee, & Yesavage, 2009) and through direct questions to assess loneliness (Paúl, Fonseca, Ribeiro, & Teles, 2006). The sample comprised 213 people aged 65-96 years old. The findings indicate that 26.76% (57) of the individuals had depressive symptoms. Differences were
statistically significant between men and women and between marital states, education levels and living conditions of the individuals. Regarding the experience of loneliness, the results indicate that 12.7% (27) of the individuals had solitude. We found statistically significant associations between loneliness and gender, marital status and living conditions. The results also revealed a statistically significant association between loneliness and depressive symptoms [χ2(2)=35.315; p=0.000] and in this sample 35.1% (20) of the subjects present loneliness and depressive symptoms. This study warns of the importance of perceiving the relationship between loneliness and depression, in the design of evaluations and interventions for old age, to optimize of the social network settings of the person for an improvement in their health and quality of life.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Publishing within open science challenges
No full textThis chapter relates the diffusion of scientific knowledge, materialized in its writing, publication, and circulation, with the Open Science. Open Science is, by its nature, a platform for dialogue, fostering more exchanges and stimulating researchers to adapt their publishing and dissemination practices, leading to cost reduction and enhancement of academic content and fostering greater circulation and knowledge generation. The purpose is the accomplishment of proposals regarding the actions that researchers must take in the scope of scholarship as conversation, namely, embedding academic writing in Open Science and sharing research data and results. Finally, we reflect on current Open Science challenges to researchers and academia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Starting from scratch: searching for the purpose of writing
No full textThe authors articulate academic writing with the need to support it in scientific information, assuming that the basis for the accomplishment of good work is based on good research. Knowing how to find relevant information is not a matter of chance. Methods and techniques can be developed to initiate a good research strategy, which is done based on the knowledge of the information needed, on where to look for it, on how to select it and on to evaluate it for better use. This chapter shows how to train skills to deal with information and how to develop skills that allow the use and benefit of knowledge resources by understanding that information is used for various purposes.info:eu-repo/semantics/draf
Escala de depressão, Ansiedade e estresse: propriedades psicométricas e prevalência das afetividadesa
No full textObjetivo: Estimar as características psicométricas da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse
(DASS-21) para universitários e comparar as prevalências de depressão, ansiedade e
estresse segundo o sexo. Métodos: Avaliou-se o ajustamento da DASS-21 aos dados por
análise confirmatória utilizando os índices razão de qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade
(c2/gl), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) e Root Mean Square Error of Approximation
(RMSEA). As prevalências de depressão, ansiedade e estresse foram calculadas e
comparadas segundo o sexo. Resultados: Participaram 1.042 estudantes [idades entre 18 e
35 anos, com média de 21,13 anos (desvio-padrão = 2,81), 65,7% mulheres]. O ajustamento da
DASS-21 à amostra foi adequado (c2/gl = 5,83; CFI = 0,96; TLI = 0,97; RMSEA = 0,07), contudo
o item 2 apresentou baixo peso fatorial, sendo, portanto, excluído (c2/gl = 6,05; CFI = 0,98;
TLI = 0,97; RMSEA = 0,07). Em relação ao grau de acometimento dos estudantes pela depressão,
ansiedade e estresse, verificou-se que 4,7%, 1,7% e 4,5% dos estudantes apresentaram,
respectivamente, escores moderados a extremamente severos. Não houve diferença significativa
entre as prevalências dos estados emocionais avaliados segundo o sexo. Conclusão:
A DASS-21 apresentou adequada validade e confiabilidade para amostra. A prevalência de
depressão, ansiedade e estresse foi semelhante entre homens e mulheres, apontando para a
necessidade de um olhar igualitário na investigação desses estados emocionais.Abstract: Objective: To estimate psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale
(DASS-21) among Brazilian university students and to compare the prevalence of depression,
anxiety, and stress between men and women. Methods: The DASS-21’s fit was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis using the chi-square per degrees of freedom ratio (c2/df),
Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation
(RMSEA). A second-order hierarchical model was tested (Negative Affectivity). The
prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress was calculated and compared by sex. Results:
Participants comprised 1,042 university students [aged 18 to 35 years (mean = 21.13; standard
deviation = 2.81 years) 65.7% women]. The DASS-21’s goodness of fit was adequate
(c2/df = 5.83; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.07). However, item 2 presented low factorial
weight and was excluded (c2/df = 6.05; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.97; RMSEA = 0.07). The study verified
that 4.7%, 1.7%, and 4.5% of students presented moderate to extremely severe scores
of depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. There was no significant difference between
men and women in the prevalence of the emotional aspects assessed. Conclusion: The
DASS-21 demonstrated adequate validity and reliability in a sample of university students.
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress did not differ significantly between men
and women, which points to the need for an egalitarian view in the investigation of these
emotional states.CAPES; FAPESPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
A importância da perspectiva do cliente: características interpessoais do terapeuta que promovem o bem-estar
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.Objectivo: São ainda escassos estudos sobre as características interpessoais dos terapeutas que moderam e facilitam o processo terapêutico, na perspectiva do cliente. Assim o objectivo é estudar a perspectiva do cliente sobre quais são as características interpessoais do terapeuta mais relevantes, uma vez que apenas existem estudos realizados com medidas de auto relato e observação externa de terapeutas. E verificar ainda se existe alguma relação entre estas características e o bem-estar percepcionado.
Método: foram selecionados 205 participantes que responderam à escala FIS-C e CORE-OM. Os dados foram recolhidos em papel e por via electrónica e analisados quantitativamente através de correlações de pearson e análise descritiva.
Resultados: foram encontradas correlações entre as características interpessoais do terapeuta e o bem-estar, nomeadamente ao nível do aumento do bem-estar subjectivo percepcionado e à diminuição de comportamentos de risco. Salientam-se as características: fluência verbal e capacidade de promover esperança e expectativas positivas. O tempo decorrido em psicoterapia está relacionado com todos as características interpessoais dos terapeutas, destacando-se a fluência verbal.
Conclusões: a literatura ressalta que as características interpessoais dos terapeutas influenciam o processo terapêutico. Este estudo vem corroborar os resultados existentes, sobre como estas características são facilitadoras da criação da relação terapêutica, salientando a importância da perspectiva do cliente.Objective: There are still few studies on the interpersonal characteristics of therapists that moderate and facilitate the therapeutic process from the perspective of the client. Thus, the objective is to study the client's perspective on what the most relevant interpersonal characteristics of the therapist are, as there are only studies carried out with measures of self-report and external observation, and to verify whether there is any relation between these characteristics and perceived well-being
Method: we selected 205 participants who answered the FIS-C and CORE-OM scale. Data were collected on paper and electronically, and analyzed quantitatively through Pearson correlations and descriptive analysis.
Results: correlations were found between the therapist's interpersonal characteristics and well-being, namely regarding perceived subjective well-being and the reduction of risk behaviours. It is worth highlighting verbal fluency and the ability to promote hope and positive expectations. The time elapsed in psychotherapy is related to all the interpersonal characteristics of the therapists, particularly verbal fluency.
Conclusion: the literature emphasizes that the interpersonal characteristics of therapists influence the therapeutic process. This study corroborates the existing results on how these characteristics facilitate the establishment of the therapeutic relationship, emphasizing the importance of the client’s perspective