Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Predicting the effects of anthropogenic noise on fish reproduction
No full textAquatic animals use and produce sound for
critical life functions, including reproduction. Anthropogenic
noise is recognized as a global source of
environmental pollution and adequate conservation and
management strategies are urgently needed. It becomes
therefore critical to identify the reproductive traits that
render a species vulnerable to acoustic disturbances,
and the types of anthropogenic noise that are most
likely to impact reproduction. Here, we provide
predictions about noise impact on fish reproduction
following a two-step approach: first, we grouped
documented effects of noise into three mechanistic
categories: stress, masking and hearing-loss, and test
which type of noise (continuous vs intermittent and
regular vs irregular) was most likely to produce a
significant response in each category with either ametaanalysis
or a quantitative review, depending on data
availability. Second, we reviewed existing literature to
predictwhich reproductive traits would render fish most
sensitive to stress, masking and hearing-loss. In step
one, we concluded that continuous sounds with irregular
amplitude and/or frequency-content (e.g. heavy
ship traffic) were most likely to cause stress, and
continuous sounds were also most likely to induce
masking and hearing-loss. From step two we concluded
that the vulnerability of a species to noise-induced
stress will mainly depend on: (1) its potential to
reallocate reproduction to more quiet times or locations,
and (2) its vulnerability to masking and hearing-loss
mainly on the function of sound communication in its
reproductive behaviour. We discuss in which stages of
reproduction fish are most likely to be vulnerable to
anthropogenic noise based on these findings.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Group differences between countries and between languages in pain-related beliefs, coping, and catastrophizing in chronic pain: A systematic review
Get PDFObjective. To evaluate the extent to which pain-related beliefs, appraisals, coping, and catastrophizing differ between
countries, language groups, and country economy. Design. Systematic review. Methods. Two independent reviewers
searched 15 databases without restriction for date or language of publication. Studies comparing pain beliefs/
appraisals, coping, or catastrophizing across two or more countries or language groups in adults with chronic pain
(pain for longer than three months) were included. Two independent reviewers extracted data and performed the
quality appraisal. Study quality was rated as low, moderate, or high using a 10-item modified STROBE checklist.
Effect sizes were reported as small (0.20–0.49), medium (0.50–0.79), or large ( 0.80). Results. We retrieved 1,365
articles, read 42 potential full texts, and included 10 (four moderate-quality, six low-quality) studies. A total of 6,797
adults with chronic pain (33% with chronic low back pain) were included from 16 countries. Meta-analysis was not
performed because of heterogeneity in the studies. A total of 103 effect sizes were computed for individual studies,
some of which indicated between-country differences in pain beliefs, coping, and catastrophizing. Of these, the majority
of effect sizes for pain beliefs/appraisal (60%; eight large, eight medium, and eight small), for coping (60%;
seven large, 11 medium, and 16 small), and for catastrophizing (50%; two medium, one small) evidenced statistically
significant between-country differences, although study quality was low to moderate. Conclusions. In 50% or more of
the studies, mean scores in the measures of pain beliefs and appraisals, coping responses, and catastrophizing
were significantly different between people from different countries.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Lateralization of facial emotion processing and facial paresis in Vestibular Schwannoma patients
Get PDFThis study investigates whether there exist differences in lateralization of facial emotion processing in patients suffering from Vestibular Schwannoma (VS) based on the presence of a facial paresis and their degree of facial functioning as measured by the House Brackmann Grading scale (HBG).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
New strategies to study organizations working with people experiencing homelessness: the service providers’ study
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“Yes, but somebody has to help them, somehow:” Looking at the Italian detention field through the eyes of professional nonstate actors
Get PDFAlthough migration-related detention has proliferated around the world, little is
known about life inside these sites of confinement for illegalized non-citizens.
Building on 34 months of fieldwork, this article examines the lived experiences of center staff and external civil-society actors engaged within Rome’s detention
center. We discuss the emotional, ethical, and political challenges faced by these
professional actors in their everyday work and their relationship with detainees.
Our aim is to shed light on psychosocial life in detention and the intersections
between humanitarian and security logics in this setting. In doing so, we problematize the idea that “humanizing detention” can be a solution for change.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Coping strategies for menopausal woman with urinary incontinence: Validation of the coping strategies instrument
No full textInexistenteinfo:eu-repo/semantics/draf
Teacher identity: can ethical orientation be related to perceived competence, psychological needs satisfaction, commitment and global self-esteem?
No full textTeachers’ sense of identity is influenced by a set of factors, remaining
unclear how they relate to each other and how much weight is
assigned to them by teachers. Based on the existing literature and
empirical data concerning teacher identity and ethical frameworks,
this study tested a model aiming to understand how indicators of
teacher identity (e.g. ethical orientation, perceived competence,
satisfaction of psychological needs, commitment, and global selfesteem)
relate to each other. The model was tested through structural
equation modelling (SEM) using data from 643 Portuguese
teachers, aged between 23 and 66 years (Myears of service = 15.4).
Results showed that ethical orientation can play an important role
in teacher identity, having direct and indirect effects on the other
components of the model. The findings highlight the importance of
ethical orientation as a variable to take into consideration in the
study of teacher identity and teacher training.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A adesão ao duplo padrão sexual em jovens adultos em função do género e da orientação sexual
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Children's books and literature from the perspectives of preschool and primary teachers
No full textThis paper seeks to understand how a group of preschool and primary teachers perceive the type of use they
carry out of children’s literature. Thus, it analyses the type of books in the classrooms and the underlying
criteria for their choice, the frequency of the activities implemented within this scope and the organisation of
the educational environment for the promotion of reading skills. In terms of the methodology used, this
research is based on the collection of information through a questionnaire survey, completed by 24 preschool
teachers and 53 primary teachers of S. Miguel Island, The Azores, Portugal. The data collected were analysed
both quantitatively and qualitatively. The data allow concluding that, although all respondents value
children’s literature, there are differences between the way preschool and primary teachers use it, alerting to
the need for deeper reflection on the pedagogical practices implemented.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Mapping human vigilance: The influence of conspecifics
No full textA considerable volume of animal research on detecting threat and foraging reveals that the co-presence of
conspecifics reduces vigilance and enhances foraging. Monitoring threat is an adaptive process and is of considerable
relevance to humans. It is therefore important to understand how the presence of others influences
threat monitoring - namely vigilance - and consequently the capacity to detect threats. We examine this with a
novel paradigm, that simulates a “foraging under threat” situation, with an eye-tracker (allowing the examination
of the allocation of attention). Our results show, as predicted, that participants in the individual
condition (versus co-presence) allocated more attentional resources to scanning the environment and thereby
sacrificing foraging, which increased their likelihood of detecting threatening events. Thus, the presence or
absence of others modulates vigilance strategies in humans. These findings highlight the heuristic value of
animal vigilance models to understand humans threat monitoring with considerable applied relevance.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio