Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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A framework for mapping the distribution of seabirds by integrating tracking, demography and phenology
No full text1. The identification of geographic areas where the densities of animals are highest
across their annual cycles is a crucial step in conservation planning. In marine
environments, however, it can be particularly difficult to map the distribution of
species, and the methods used are usually biased towards adults, neglecting the
distribution of other life-history stages even though they can represent a substantial
proportion of the total population.
2. Here we develop a methodological framework for estimating populationlevel
density distributions of seabirds, integrating tracking data across the main life-history stages (adult breeders and non-breeders, juveniles and immatures).
We incorporate demographic information (adult and juvenile/immature survival,
breeding frequency and success, age at first breeding) and phenological
data (average timing of breeding and migration) to weight distribution maps
according to the proportion of the population represented by each life-history
stage.
3. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by applying it to 22 species of
albatrosses
and petrels that are of conservation concern due to interactions with
fisheries. Because juveniles, immatures and non-breeding adults account for
47%–81% of all individuals of the populations analysed, ignoring the distributions
of birds in these stages leads to biased estimates of overlap with threats, and may
misdirect management and conservation efforts. Population-level distribution
maps using only adult distributions underestimated exposure to longline fishing
effort by 18%–42%, compared with overlap scores based on data from all lifehistory
stages.
4. Synthesis and applications. Our framework synthesizes and improves on previous
approaches to estimate seabird densities at sea, is applicable for data-poor situations,
and provides a standard and repeatable method that can be easily updated
as new tracking and demographic data become available. We provide scripts in
the R language and a Shiny app to facilitate future applications of our approach.
We recommend that where sufficient tracking data are available, this framework
be used to assess overlap of seabirds with at-sea threats such as overharvesting,
fisheries bycatch, shipping, offshore industry and pollutants. Based on such an
analysis, conservation interventions could be directed towards areas where they
have the greatest impact on populations.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - FCT; French Polar Institute
IPEV; Falkland Islands Governmentinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceptual mechanisms of social affiliation in zebrafish
Get PDFSocial living animals need to recognize the presence of conspecifics in the environment in order to engage in adaptive social interactions. Social cues can be detected through different sensory modalities, including vision. Two main visual features can convey information about the presence of conspecifics: body form and biological motion (BM). Given the role that oxytocin plays in social behavior regulation across vertebrates, particularly in the salience and reward values of social stimuli, we hypothesized that it may also be involved in the modulation of perceptual mechanisms for conspecific detection. Here, using videoplaybacks, we assessed the role of conspecific form and BM in zebrafish social affiliation, and how oxytocin regulates the perception of these cues. We demonstrated that while each visual cue is important for social attraction, BM promotes a higher fish engagement than the static conspecific form alone. Moreover, using a mutant line for one of the two oxytocin receptors, we show that oxytocin signaling is involved in the regulation of BM detection but not conspecific form recognition. In summary, our results indicate that, apart from oxytocin role in the regulation of social behaviors through its effect on higher-order cognitive mechanisms, it may regulate social behavior by modulating very basic perceptual mechanisms underlying the detection of socially-relevant cues.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - FCT, United States-Israel BinationalScience Foundation; Lisboa Regional Operational Programme; Israel Science Foundationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A representação social da violência obstétrica : para mulheres no século XXI
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Comportamento comunicativo e percepção da doença no cancro de mama
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Multilocus phylogeny and systematics of Iberian endemic Squalius (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae)
Get PDFInferring the evolutionary history of a group of species can be challenging given
the many factors involved. In recent years, the increased availability of sequences
of multiple genes per species has spurred the development of new methodologies
to analyse multilocus data sets. Two approaches that analyse such data are concatenated
supermatrix and coalescent-based species-tree analyses. In this study, we used
both of these methods to infer the phylogenetic relationships of Iberian species of
the genus Squalius from one mitochondrial and six nuclear genes. We found mitonuclear
discordance in the phylogenetic relationships of the group. According to
the mitochondrial gene analysis, all species were recovered as monophyletic except
S. pyrenaicus; besides, in the concatenated supermatrix analysis of the nuclear markers,
this species resolved as polyphyletic with three divergent evolutionary lineages.
The coalescent-based nuclear species-tree analysis rendered a well-resolved phylogeny
compared with the supermatrix analysis, which was unable to discern between
S. carolitertii, S. castellanus and one of the evolutionary lineages of S. pyrenaicus.
This result is likely due to the better integration of population uncertainty in the coalescent
approach. Furthermore, Bayesian multilocus species delimitation analyses
based on a BPP approach strongly supported the distinct nuclear lineages as different
species. Nevertheless, the supermatrix analysis was able to obtain well-supported
relationships in the divergent lineages with low numbers of individuals. Our study
highlights the usefulness of different analytical methodologies to obtain a more complete
picture of the evolutionary history of taxa, especially when discordant patterns
among genes are found.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Narrativas de estudantes de psicologia : significando o consumo de substâncias psicoativas
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Processos interculturais e comunicacionais na saúde cigana no brasil e Portugal
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The role of weight perceptions and their impact on health and well‐being: A multiple mediation model
No full textFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTThe present study analyses the role of weight distortion and weight self-criticism in explaining the relationship between actual weight and perceived health, well-being, body satisfaction and emotional eating. Eight hundred and six individuals were selected from a national study on nutrition. They were divided into two groups according to self-reported dieting. A questionnaire measuring the outcome variables was implemented. Weight distortion and self-criticism were calculated using actual, estimated and desired BMI. A multiple mediation model was estimated using structural equation modelling. A valid model was obtained in which weight self-criticism is a partial mediator of the relationship between weight and body satisfaction and a full mediator of the relationship between weight and emotional eating for the non-dieter group. For the dieter group, full mediation of weight self-criticism is observed in the relationships between weight and health, well-being and body satisfaction. For weight distortion, no mediation effect is found in either group. The results highlight the importance of weight perceptions in understanding the influence of body weight on several aspects of health and well-being. The type of weight perception is also relevant. A critical attitude towards weight is more determinant than the distortion in weight appraisal.FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A relação entre o funcionamento familiar e a ego-resiliência infantil numa amostra de crianças entre os 10 e os 15 anos de idade e os seus respetivos cuidadores
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no
ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau
de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaIntrodução: A resiliência familiar consiste na capacidade das famílias para enfrentarem e
ultrapassarem crises, surgindo com mais recursos após as mesmas (Walsh, 2016). A egoresiliência
é uma característica de personalidade que permite a adaptação a stressores externos
e internos (Block & Block, 1980). Estes construtos são interdependentes (Masten & Monn,
2015). Contudo, ainda não existem estudos suficientes que promovam uma integração entre
ambos.
Método: O presente estudo tem como objetivo validar e adaptar a Escala de Resiliência Familiar
da Walsh e a Escala de Ego-resiliência Infantil para uma amostra de crianças e jovens entre os
10 e 15 anos de idade e os seus cuidadores, assim como explorar a relação entre o
funcionamento familiar e a ego-resiliência infantil. A amostra foi constituída por 367
participantes, 230 cuidadores e 137 crianças e jovens que responderam a questões
sociodemográficas e preencheram a versão portuguesa das escalas. Foram realizadas análises
fatoriais confirmatórias para avaliar a validade fatorial. Averiguaram-se também a fiabilidade
das escalas, a validade convergente e a validade discriminante. Foram realizadas regressões
lineares para explorar o impacto do funcionamento familiar na ego-resiliência infantil.
Resultados: As análises fatoriais confirmatórias não suportaram os modelos originais. O
modelo final da Escala de Ego-resiliência Infantil apresentou índices de ajustamento aceitáveis
e qualidades psicométricas sofríveis. O modelo final da Escala de Resiliência Familiar da Walsh
apresentou índices de ajustamento sofríveis e boas qualidades psicométricas. O funcionamento
familiar apresentou um impacto significativo na ego-resiliência infantil.
Conclusão: Estes instrumentos consistem em ferramentas úteis que podem ser utilizadas em
intervenções que promovam a resiliência.Introduction: The concept of family resilience refers to the capacity of a family as a functional
system, impacted by highly stressful events, to positive adaptation and strengthening the family
unit (Walsh, 2016). Ego-resiliency enables individuals to adapt to environmental demands
(Block & Block, 1980). Resilience in individuals interplay with family resilience, yet there
remains considerable work to do on the processes that link child both concepts (Masten &
Monn, 2015).
Method: The present study aims to translate and evaluate the psychometric properties of a
portuguese version of the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire and the Ego-resiliency Qsort,
and evaluate the impact of the familiar functioning on children’s psychological adjustment
in a portuguese sample with children and adolescences between 10 and 15 years old and their
caregivers. A sample of 230 caregivers and 137 children and adolescences provided
sociodemographic information and completed a portuguese version of the questionnaires.
Confirmatory Factor Analyses were performed to evaluate the questionnaires structures, as well
as the internal consistency, composite reliability, convergent-related and discriminant-related
validity. Linear regressions were performed to explore the impact of the familiar functioning
on children’s psychological adjustment.
Results: Factorial Analysis didn´t supported originals solutions for the questionnaires. The new
solution for the Ego-resiliency Q-sort revealed acceptable goodness of fit and poor
psychometric properties. The new solution for Walsh Questionnaire revealed a poor goodness
of fit and good psychometric properties. Family functioning revealed significant impact on
children’s psychological adjustment.
Conclusion: The questionnaires represent a good tool that can be used in interventions for
enhancing psychological well-being
Impacto dos materiais didáticos no ensino da matemática numa turma do 3º ano do Ensino Básico
Get PDFRelatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário/ESEI Maria Ulrich para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Educação pré-escolar e Ensino do 1º ciclo do Ensino BásicoA presente investigação surge no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico no ano letivo de 2019/2020, com o intuito de demonstrar o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo da prática supervisionada, realizada numa instituição pública, numa turma de 3º ano de escolaridade.
A temática do presente relatório é o “Impacto dos materiais didáticos no ensino da Matemática numa turma de 3º ano do ensino básico”. O tema surge pelo facto de os jogos didáticos oferecerem a competência de auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem da matemática, ao permitir a construção do conhecimento num caminho que vai do concreto à abstração de ideias.
Assim, os jogos didáticos são o objeto deste estudo. Ao seguir um tipo de investigação qualitativa e, com recurso a uma observação direta participante e não participante, à análise documental e a instrumentos de recolha de dados (como o diário de bordo e o portefólio de estágio) busca-se, verificar o potencial que os jogos têm em motivar e facilitar a apreensão dos conteúdos matemáticos por parte das crianças, através da implementação de quatro atividades planificadas e implementadas por mim na prática de ensino supervisionado.
As conclusões retiradas da análise dos resultados sobre a Prática de Ensino Supervisionado e das atividades dinamizadas com os alunos, permitiram verificar que as crianças se mostram interessadas em participar em atividades lúdicas com recurso a jogos didáticos, tendo em conta que estes lhes possibilitam uma aprendizagem mais ativa e lúdica.The present report is based on the Pre-School Education and Teaching Masters degree of the Primary School in the academic year 2019/2020. The primary goal of this research is report the work developed during the supervised practice, in a group of 3rd grade class., held in a public school
The main subject of this report is “The impact of the didactic materials used on Mathematics education in a 3rd grade class’’. This is an important topic due to the competence offered by the didactic games through the Mathematic learning process, by allowing the knowledge construction on a path that goes from concrete to the abstraction of ideas.
Therefore, educational games are the object of this study. For this study it was followed a type of qualitative research and it was used direct and non-direct participants. Also using several data collection instruments such as the logbook and the internship portfolio, on which we seek to verify the potential that the games are intended to motivate and facilitate children's understanding of mathematical content. In order to achieve conclusions, I reach the implementation of four activities planned on a supervised teaching practice.
The conclusions taken from the analysis of the results on the Supervised Teaching Practice and from the activities carried out with the students, allowed us to verify that the children are interested in participating in recreational activities using educational games, taking into account that these enable them to learn more active and playful