Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Revenge and forgiveness: two sides of the same coin?
No full textResumo: O desejo de punir alguém que tenha causado sofrimento se caracteriza como vingança. Entretanto, é possível que alguém apresente mudanças pró-sociais em relação ao ofensor, o que configura o perdão.
Estudos apontam que perdão e vingança podem ser compreendidos de maneira oposta e também compartilharem uma dimensão comum. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou comparar o ajuste de um modelo bifator para perdão e vingança com explicações alternativas de modelos de um fator e dois fatores. Contou-se com a participação de 195 pessoas, a maioria do sexo feminino (66.7%), heterossexual (83.2%), solteira (80.8%), com ensino superior incompleto (68.4 %) e com idades entre 18 e 82 anos (M=27.26; DP=11.50), que responderam à Escala de Disposição para Perdoar e à Escala de Atitudes Frente à Vingança. Os resultados apontaram que o modelo bifator se mostrou mais adequado [χ2(102)=175.639, p<0,001; χ2/gl=1.54, SRMR=0.06, CFI=0.94, RMSEA=0.061 (IC90%=0.04-0.07),
TLI=0.93]. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que, além de compartilharem um fator comum, as variáveis parecem ter legitimidade como construtos distintos, dando suporte empírico para a promoção de estratégias voltadas para se intervir tanto em elementos gerais como específicos relacionados aos construtos.Abstract: The desire to punish someone who has caused suffering is characterized by revenge. However, it is possible for someone to present pro-social changes in relation to the offender, which constitutes forgiveness. Studies point out that forgiveness and revenge can be understood in the opposite way and also share a common dimension. In this sense, this study aimed to compare the adjustment of a two-factor model for forgiveness and revenge with alternative explanations of one-factor and twofactor models. 195 people participated, the majority female (66.7%), heterosexual (83.2%), single (80.8%), with incomplete higher education (68.4%) and with ages between 18 and 82 years (M=27.26; SD=11.50), who responded to the Willingness to Forgive Scale and the Vengeance Scale. The results showed that the two-factor model was more appropriate [χ2(102)=175.639, p<0.001; χ2/gl=1.54, SRMR=0.06, CFI=0.94, RMSEA=0.061 (CI90%=0.04-0.07), TLI=0.93]. The results found suggest that, in addition to sharing a common factor, the variables seem to have legitimacy as distinct constructs, providing empirical support for the promotion of strategies aimed at intervening in both
general and specific elements related to the constructs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Ingestão alimentar da criança, Preditores, Preocupação parental com o peso da criança, Autoeficácia parental.
No full textAbstract: Early childhood is largely recognized as a critical period for shaping the child’s eating patterns. Although interventions studies that focus on first years of life are increasing, with positive impact, the moderators of treatment gains and the relative importance of each determinant of the change process have been rarely explored. This study aimed to identify potential predictors of outcomes concerning children’s healthy and unhealthy eating behaviors after a parental school-based intervention. An intervention longitudinal study with repeated measures at baseline and after participation in the Red Apple program was performed. Parents and children were recruited in public and state-funded kindergartens near Lisbon, Portugal. A total of 44 parents of 3- to 6-year-old children agreed to participate in the study and 39 met the inclusion criteria. The Red Apple program included four parental group sessions about young children’s growth, nutritional guidelines, and positive
parental feeding strategies, and adult-child activities and newsletters delivered to caregivers. Data regarding children’s dietary intake, food preferences, neophobia/neophilia, parental concerns about the child’s weight, and self-efficacy in promoting healthy dietary patterns in children were collected before (T1) and after (T2) the intervention. Higher parental concerns about weight and self-efficacy at T1 significantly predicted children’s healthy dietary intake at T2. The only significant contribution for children’s unhealthy dietary intake at T2 was the previous consumption of those foods at T1.
Interventions that focus on parental cognitive variables might effectively contribute to positive changes in children’s dietary intake. Findings also suggest that specific targets of children’s diet may pose unlike challenges that respond differently to the mechanisms of influence of the intervention.Resumo: Os primeiros anos de vida têm sido reconhecidos com um período crítico para moldar os padrões alimentares da criança. Embora os estudos de intervenções direcionados a crianças pequenas tenham aumentado, com resultados positivos, os moderadores dos ganhos da intervenção e a importância relativa de cada determinante do processo de mudança têm sido raramente explorados. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar possíveis preditores dos resultados obtidos após uma intervenção parental em contexto escolar, relativamente aos comportamentos alimentares saudáveis e não saudáveis de crianças pré-escolares. Foi realizado um estudo quasi-experimental e longitudinal, com medidas repetidas avaliadas antes e após a participação no programa Maçã Vermelha. Os pais e as crianças foram recrutados em jardins de infância do ensino público e de Instituições Particulares de Segurança Social da região de Lisboa. Um total de 44 pais de crianças entre os 3 e os 6 anos aceitaram participar no estudo, e 39 cumpriram os critérios de inclusão. O programa Maçã Vermelha incluiu
quatro sessões grupais sobre o crescimento e a saúde das crianças pré-escolares, as orientações nutricionais para esta fase de desenvolvimento, e as práticas parentais alimentares mais eficazes. Entre sessões, foram entregues newsletters e atividades para realizar com as crianças. Foi solicitado aos pais que preenchessem instrumentos sobre a criança (consumo de alimentos saudáveis e não saudáveis, preferências alimentares, comportamentos neofóbicos/neofílicos) e sobre si (preocupação com o peso da criança, autoeficácia na promoção de uma alimentação saudável) antes (T1) e depois (T2) da intervenção. Índices mais elevados de preocupação com o peso e de autoeficácia em T1 previram significativamente o consumo de alimentos saudáveis em T2. A única contribuição significativa para o consumo de alimentos não saudáveis em T2 foi o consumo anterior desses alimentos em T1. As intervenções focadas nas variáveis cognitivas dos pais podem contribuir para mudanças positivas no
consumo alimentar das crianças pequenas. Os resultados também sugerem que alvos específicos da dieta da criança podem apresentar desafios diferentes, que respondem diferentemente aos mecanismos de influência da intervenção.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Island-based Information Management System-GIS Data Centre as a key tool for spatial planning in the South Atlantic UK Overseas Territories
No full textEnvironmental data require fit-for-purpose data management systems and related spatial applications
to be used effectively for management. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become a key tool to analyse
and visualise spatial data with their increasing volume and variety. Well-designed data centres that combine a data
management system with GIS, reduce costs and improve efficiency for spatial planning processes. Small or remote
territories and islands such as the South Atlantic UK Overseas Territories (SAUKOT), with limited financial resources
and capacity, face many challenges to develop such centres. In 2013 an island-based Information Management
System (IMS)-GIS Data Centre was established in the SAUKOT. Until then, governments did not have the ability
to use spatial planning effectively to manage their environments. The IMS-GIS Data Centre has been operating as:
1) repository of high-quality reference datasets to support decision making, 2) interactive data visualisation to share
maps and information with stakeholders and 3) data portals to assist data discovery and sharing. This paper describes
i) how the SAUKOT have built their own IMS-GIS Data Centres ii), how these Data Centres have provided effective
and manageable solutions to support terrestrial and marine spatial planning processes and iii) the challenges the Data
Centres are still facing. Thanks to relatively simple data management concepts and the use of open-source programs,
the IMS-GIS Data Centre is transferable to other contexts sharing similar challenges to those faced by the SAUKOTOs dados ambientais exigem uma adequação dos sistemas de gestão de dados e respetivas aplicações geográficas para que sejam utilizados eficazmente na gestão. Os Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG) tornaram-se uma ferramenta essencial para analisar e visualizar dados espaciais com seu volume e variedade crescentes. Os Data centers bem projetados, que combinam um sistema de gestão de dados com SIG, reduzem custos e melhoram a eficiência dos processos de planeamento espacial. Os territórios e ilhas pequenas ou remotas, como os Territórios Ultramarinos do Atlântico Sul do Reino Unido (SAUKOT), com recursos e capacidade financeira limitados, enfrentam muitos desafios para desenvolver esses centros. Em 2013, um centro de dados do Sistema de Gestão de Informações em Ilhas (IMS) foi estabelecido no SAUKOT. Até então, os governos não tinham a capacidade de usar o planeamento espacial efetivamente para gerir os seus ambientes. O IMS-GIS Data Center opera como: 1) repositório de conjuntos de dados de referência de alta qualidade para apoiar a tomada de decisão, 2) visualização interativa de dados para compartilhar mapas e informações com as partes interessadas e 3) portais de dados para auxiliar na descoberta e compartilhamento de dados. Este artigo descreve i) como os SAUKOT construíram os seus próprios Data Centers IMS-GIS; ii) como esses Data Centers forneceram soluções eficazes e geríveis para apoiar os processos de planeamento espacial terrestre e marinho; e iii) os desafios que os Data Centers ainda enfrentam. Graças a conceitos de gestão de dados relativamente simples e o uso de programas de código aberto, o IMS-GIS Data Center é transferível para outros contextos que compartilham desafios semelhantes aos enfrentados pelo SAUKOT.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Ídolos ou figuras de referência? : exploração das celebridades como figuras de referência e a sua influência no bem-estar psicológico
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A adolescência é caracterizada por uma desidealização e desinvestimento na relação com os pais e reinvestimento em figuras de referência (Erikson, 1968). Pensa-se que estas figuras (Cheung & Yue, 2019), podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de diversas competências pessoais, podendo contribuir para um maior Bem-Estar Psicológico (e.g. crescimento pessoal). O principal objectivo desta dissertação é perceber em que medida as figuras de referência podem estar relacionadas com o Bem-Estar Psicológico , explorando estas relações numa amostra portuguesa de jovens adultos. Foi utilizada a escala Identification Emulation Idolatry (IEI) Idol Worship para medir os níveis de investimento nas figuras de referência. Utilizou-se o Bem-Estar Psicológico Global (versão reduzida de 18 itens) à qual se acrescentaram 3 dimensões (crescimento pessoal, aceitação de si e relações positivas com os outros) para medir os níveis de Bem-Estar Psicológico dos participantes. A amostra é constituída por 202 participantes, com idades entre os 18 e os 52 anos (M = 24,20; DP = 4,85) de ambos os sexos (F = 134; M = 68). As análises factoriais exploratórias revelaram que o instrumento IEI Idol Worship só consegue uma estrutura aceitável quando cada dimensão é utilizada como factor independente. Os resultados revelam que apenas existe uma associação negativa entre a “idealização” da IEI e o Bem-Estar Psicológico Global e uma associação positiva entre a “vinculação” e a dimensão “aceitação de si” do Bem-Estar Psicológico . Este é o primeiro estudo desta temática numa amostra de jovens portugueses.Adolescence is characterized by the parents’ deidealization and disinvestment in the relationship with parents and reinvestment in role models (Erikson, 1968). It is thought that these figures (Cheung & Yue, 2019) can contribute to the development of several skills and also to a greater psychological well-being (e.g. personal growth). The main objective of this thesis is to understand to what extent role modeling can be related to Psychological Well-Being, exploring this relationship in a Portuguese sample of young adults. The Identification Emulation Idolatry (IEI) Idol Worship scale was used to measure investment levels in role models. The Global Psychological Well-Being (18-item version) was used along with 3 complete dimensions from the original scale (personal growth, self-acceptance and positive relationships with others) to measure participants' levels of Psychological Well-Being. The sample consisted of 202 participants, aged between 18 and 52 years old (M = 24.20; SD = 4.85) of both sexes (F = 134; M = 68). Exploratory factor analysis revealed that the IEI Idol Worship instrument only achieves an acceptable structure when each dimension is used as an independent factor. The results reveal that there is only a negative association between "idealization" of IEI and the Global Psychological Well-Being and a positive association between the "attachment" and "self-acceptance" dimensions of Psychological Well-Being. This is the first study of this theme in a sample of Portuguese young adults
A nursing care intervention model for elderly people to ascertain general profiles of functionality and self care needs
Get PDFA core set of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health codes was used to ascertain general profiles of functionality as a function of biological and sociodemographic characteristics and to develop structured nursing interventions in accordance with self care deficits identified by studying self care behavior for elderly people living in both extensively and sparsely populated rural areas. Data were collected by health professionals in the participants' houses. An exploratory factor analysis enabled reduced data dimensions, and factorial validity was assessed by a confirmatory factor analysis. An ordinal regression model was built to identify general profiles of functionality as a function of age. A bar graph was used as a measurement tool for nursing care needs as a function of self care behavior and functional profile level. No functional problems were expected among people under the age of 74 years, while mild functionality problems were expected among people older than 74 years. Regarding nursing care needs, the results of the constructed model suggested that the functional concept "Support and Relationships" is associated with higher levels of functional problems and thus a greater need for self care interventions and that people aged 85 years and older always show therapeutic self care deficits.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Employer attractiveness and its impact on individual work perfomance moderated by national culture
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no
ISPA– Instituto Universitário – Ciências
Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, para obtenção de
grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia
Social e das Organizações.In recent years employer branding has gained popularity among management due to the
impact on employer attraction (external consequence) and employee retention and productivity
(internal consequence), referring to internal and external efforts to promote the company, what
makes it different and desirable as an employer. Employer branding perceptions, the way
employer image is received by potential and already existing employees or how attractive the
company seems to be, may vary between cultures. Thus, international companies based on
different locations in the world may consider different challenges in attracting and retaining
talented people.
The aim of this study is to explore employer branding perceptions by applying an
employer attractiveness scale to full time employees in an international IT company in Portugal
and understand the impact on individual work performance which may vary according to
people’s national culture. Employer attractiveness is a precedent of employer branding
considered to be a tangible form to measure what attracts people to apply to an organisation. In
this study 236 full time employees with different nationalities participated. The technique of
regression models resulted in findings that some dimensions of employer attractiveness such as
economic and application value have a positive relation with individual work performance,
mainly with task and counterproductive performance respectively. It was not possible to prove
the moderating effect of national culture in the relation between employer attractiveness and
individual work performance
Executive dysfunction, violence and aggression
No full textExecutive Functions (EFs) is an umbrella expression used for several processes and subprocesses encompassing
goal-oriented behavior and decision-making strategies. However, the extent to which impaired EFs relate to and
characterize different types of criminal behavior and aggressiveness is not clear. Similarly, research on the
association between EFs and psychopathy has also produced mixed findings. The failure to disaggregate between
different types of crime and antisocial individuals can impede the identification of specific neurocognitive
mechanisms associated with crime. We reviewed the extent to which EFs (according to Miyake latent variable
analysis) are associated with violent and non-violent crime, impulsive and premeditated aggression as well as
psychopathic traits.
Findings, although nonconsensual, suggest a more nuanced view on the association between EFs and crime,
suggesting that different executive domains might be more compromised in violent and impulsive individuals,
and specific psychopathy facets are more associated with executive dysfunction and criminality. Studies in line
with this approach will allow offenders to benefit from intervention strategies that will address their specific
deficits, optimizing their EFs and contributing to better cognitive management in demanding and complex situations,
such as criminal and violent deterrence.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Prediction of yuth and adult recidivism among spanish juveniles involved in serious offenses
No full textThis study analyzes the predictive validity of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) for youth
and adult recidivism in a Spanish juvenile sample. Participants’ age ranged between 14 and 18.09 years old (N = 264) and
82% were boys and all had been sentenced to probation and custody centers. Data on juvenile and young adult recidivism
were collected for the sample with mean follow-up periods of 13.74 and 20.19 months, respectively. The area under the curve,
Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression survival analyses were each conducted to check for predictive validity. The findings demonstrated
that the YLS/CMI is able to predict recidivism in both the juvenile period and the emerging adult period in a different
cultural context. Prior Offenses and Education/Employment emerged as significant predictors for youth and young
adult recidivism. The entire YLS/CMI is therefore an effective tool for risk classification in a different cultural sample.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Podemos contar uns com os outros? Uma investigação sobre as disposições individuais e relacionais de cidadãos portugueses
No full textAbstract: Every human being has the capacity to contribute to collective well-being. The purpose of this article
is to understand the dispositions and perceptions of a group of Portuguese citizens, regarding their
relationships with others and their satisfaction with life, having into consideration the differences
according to the socio-economic level and sex. This article presents a quantitative study involving an
analysis of the 1187 Portuguese citizens’ responses to an online questionnaire aimed at analyzing their
satisfaction with life (SLS), sense of community (BSCS), perceived social support (SPS), social
comparison (SCS), competition (SAIS), external shame (OASS) and willingness to contribute (WCS)
of members of the Portuguese society, whilst understanding the influence of sociodemographic
characteristics such as sex and socio-economic situation.
Crossing the values assigned to Competition and socio-economic situation (Resources) four groups
were created. The results showed that both the highest values for SLP, SPS, BSCS, and the lowest
values for OASS, were predominantly concentrated in the Low Competition-High Resources Group.
By contrast, the lowest values for SLS, SPS, and the highest values in OASS were predominantly
concentrated in the High Competition-Low Resources Group. In respect to WCS, the lowest values
were concentrated at the High Competition groups and the highest values at the Low Competition
groups. No statistical differences were found for SCS between groups. These results suggest that the
focus on collective values of mutual trust are associated with greatest satisfaction with life, social
support and willingness to contribute, involving less need for competition and defensiveness.Resumo: Todos os seres humanos têm a capacidade de contribuir para o bem-estar coletivo. Este artigo apresenta
um estudo quantitativo que envolveu a análise das respostas de 1187 cidadãos portugueses a um
questionário online, com o objetivo de analisar a sua satisfação com a vida (SLS), sentido de
comunidade (BSCS), apoio social percebido (SPS), comparação social (SCS), competição (SAIS),
vergonha externa (OASS) e desejo de contribuir (WCS), tendo em conta a influência de fatores
sociodemográficos como o sexo e a situação económica. Através da criação de grupos, cruzando os
valores respeitantes à Competição e aos Recursos, os valores mais altos nas variáveis globais de SLP,
SPS, BSCS e os valores mais baixos nas variáveis globais de OASS concentraram-se predominante -
mente no grupo alta competição, baixos recursos. Relativamente à escala WCS, os valores mais baixos
concentraram-se nos grupos de alta competição e os valores mais altos nos grupos de baixa compe -
tição. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos na variável global SCS. Estes
resultados sugerem que o foco em valores coletivos de confiança mútua estão associados a uma maior
satisfação, apoio social e desejo de contribuir, envolvendo uma menor necessidade para competir e
assumir posturas de defensividade.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Achievement Emotions Questionnaire para o 1º ciclo
No full textAbstract: The main purposes of the current research were to translate and adapt the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire – Elementary School (AEQ-ES) into Portuguese and to analyze its psychometric properties. A sample of 350 Portuguese third and fourth graders (aged 7 to 12 years) completed the
Portuguese version of the AEQ-ES (AEQ-ES-P). As does the original version, the AEQ-ES-P measures students’ enjoyment, boredom, and anxiety toward mathematics in three academic settings: attending class, doing homework, and taking tests. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the hierarchical
structure of the AEQ-ES-P, which was also invariant across gender and grades. The instrument also showed good reliability and temporal stability. Significant correlations were found in the expected direction between enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom, as well as between these emotions, students’ perceptions of competence, and intrinsic motivation toward mathematics, thus supporting the internal and external validity of the questionnaire. These results indicate that the AEQ-ES-P presents good
psychometric properties and is suitable to measure the achievement emotions of Portuguese elementary-school children of the third and fourth grades in the domain of mathematics.Resumo: Os principais objetivos do corrente estudo consistiram na tradução e adaptação do Achievement Emotions Questionnaire – Elementary School (AEQ-ES) para Português e na análise das suas propriedades psicométricas. Uma amostra de 350 alunos portugueses do terceiro e quarto ano de escolaridade (com idades compreendidas entre os 7 e os 12 anos) completou a versão portuguesa do AEQ-ES (AEQ-ES-P). Tal como a versão original, o AEQ-ES-P mede o prazer, o aborrecimento e a ansiedade dos alunos em relação à matemática em três contextos académicos: assistir a aulas, fazer os trabalhos de casa e fazer testes. A análise fatorial confirmatória corroborou a estrutura hierárquica do AEQ-ES-P, que também se mostrou invariante entre géneros e anos de escolaridade. O instrumento
mostrou também boa fiabilidade e estabilidade temporal. Foram encontradas correlações significativas na direção esperada entre o prazer, a ansiedade e o aborrecimento, bem como entre essas emoções, as perceções de competência dos alunos e a sua motivação intrínseca para a matemática, apoiando assim a validade interna e externa do questionário. Estes resultados indicam que o AEQ-ES-P apresenta boas propriedades psicométricas e é adequado para medir as emoções de realização de crianças portuguesas do terceiro e do quarto ano de escolaridade no domínio da matemática.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio