Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Sugestionabilidade na obtenção do testemunho de crianças e consequente impacto na avaliação da credibilidade das declarações
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na Especialidade de
Psicologia ClínicaA obtenção do testemunho de crianças é ainda pautada por dificuldades sentidas pelos
profissionais, bem como por erros na condução de entrevistas que, em consequência, impactam
na precisão do relato. O presente estudo examinou a influência de características
desenvolvimentais de 38 crianças, com idades compreendidas entre os seis e oito anos, na
precisão da recordação e na aquiescência à sugestionabilidade. Os participantes visualizaram
um vídeo e, uma semana depois foram entrevistados com o Protocolo de Entrevista Forense do
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Posteriormente, o relato
foi avaliado com recurso à Grelha de Análise de Conteúdo das Declarações (CBCA). Foi
explorado a (in)existência de relações entre a quantidade e precisão da informação relatada, o
número de detalhes incorretos e de sugestão e o total obtido na CBCA. As crianças mais velhas
demonstraram-se mais precisas nos seus relatos, bem como menos suscetíveis à sugestão, em
relação a crianças mais novas. Verificou-se que características como o sexo e o Quociente de
Inteligência Verbal não influenciaram a quantidade e precisão do relato, nem a vulnerabilidade
à sugestão. A utilização de questões abertas permitiu obter relatos mais precisos. Por fim, a
grelha CBCA não se demonstrou totalmente capacitada na identificação de relatos verdadeiros,
relatos falsos, nem sensível a relatos sugestionadosObtaining the children’s testimony is also guided by difficulties felt by professionals, as
well as errors in conducting interviews that, consequently, impact the accuracy of the report.
The present study examined the influence of developmental characteristics of 38 children, aged
between six and eight years, on the recall's accuracy and acquiescence to suggestibility.
Participants viewed a video and a week later were interviewed with the Forensic Interview
Protocol of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD).
Subsequently, the report was evaluated using the Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA). It
was explored the (in)existence of relationships between the information's amount and accuracy
reported, the number of incorrect and suggestion details and the total obtained in the CBCA.
Older children were more accurate in their reports, as well as less susceptible to suggestion, in
relation to younger children. It was verified that characteristics such as sex and Verbal
Intelligence Quotient (VIQ) did not influence the report’s amount and accuracy, nor the
vulnerability to suggestion. The use of open questions allowed to obtain more accurate reports.
Finally, the CBCA was not fully qualified in identifying true reports, false reports, or sensitive
to suggested reports
A Review of empirical studies investigating narrative, emotion and meaning-making modes and client process markers in psychotherapy
Get PDFDespite the importance of narrative, emotional and meaning-making processes in psychotherapy, there has been no review
of studies using the main instruments developed to address these processes. The objective is to review the studies about
client narrative and narrative-emotional processes in psychotherapy that used the Narrative Process Coding System or the
Narrative-Emotion Process Coding System (1.0 and 2.0). To identify the studies, we searched The Book Collection, PsycINFO,
PsycARTICLES, PsycBOOKS, PEP Archive, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, Academic Search
Complete and the Web of Knowledge databases. We found 27 empirical studies using one of the three coding systems. The
studies applied the Narrative Process Coding System and the Narrative-Emotion Process Coding System to different therapeutic
modalities and patients with various clinical disorders. In some studies, early, middle and late phases of therapy were
compared, while other studies conducted intensive case analyses of Narrative Process Coding System and Narrative-Emotion
Process Coding System patterns comparing recovered vs unchanged clients. The review supports the importance to look for
the contribution of narrative, emotion, meaning-making patterns or narrative-emotion markers, to treatment outcomes and
encourages the application of these instruments in process-outcome research in psychotherapy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A qualidade da amizade e as suas implicações no autoconceito em crianças do 3º e 4º ano
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.As investigações têm sugerido que o desenvolvimento do autoconceito resulta de uma construção social criada a partir das interacções que se estabelecem com os outros significativos para a criança. Neste sentido, as relações de amizade podem ser significativas para as crianças ao fornecerem ajuda, apoio social, suporte, conforto emocional e feedback positivo acerca do comportamento e desempenho.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a relação entre a qualidade das relações de amizade que as crianças de 8 anos estabelecem e as suas perceções sobre as diversas dimensões do autoconceito aos 9 anos. Adicionalmente, tentou-se também compreender se existiam diferenças de género nos dois construtos. Participaram neste estudo 135 crianças do 3º e 4º ano de uma escola primária. O autoconceito foi avaliado a partir da adaptação portuguesa da escala Self-Perception Profile for Children – SPPA (Harter,1985). Para avaliar a qualidade da amizade utilizou-se o questionário de autopreenchimento, adaptado para a população portuguesa, “Friendship Quality Questionnaire” - FQQ (Parker & Asher, 1993).
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que quase todas as subescalas da qualidade de amizade estão significativamente e positivamente correlacionadas com a dimensão comportamento do autoconceito, com a excepção do companheirismo e recriação. O companheirismo e recriação estão significativamente correlacionados com a dimensão competência atlética. De igual forma, quanto maior for a validação e cuidado nas amizades das crianças, maior será a sua auto-estima global. Por outro lado também se verificaram diferenças significativas de género em algumas subescalas de ambos os construtos.Research has suggested that the development of self-concept results from a social construction created from the interactions that are established with the individuals significant for the child. Therefore, friendly relationships can be meaningful for children by providing help, social support, support, emotional comfort and positive feedback about behavior and performance.
The present study aimed to evaluate the relation between friendship quality in 8-years-old children and their perceptions about different dimensions of self-concept at 9 years old. Additionally, an attempt was also made to understand whether there were sex differences in the two constructs. Participated in this study were 135 children from the 3rd and 4th grade of a primary school. The self-concept was assessed through the Portuguese adaptation of the Self-Perception Profile for Children – SPPA (Harter,1985). To assess the quality of friendship, the self-administered questionnaire “Friendship Quality Questionnaire” - FQQ (Parker & Asher, 1993) was used, adapted for the Portuguese population.
Results demonstrated that almost all subscales of the quality of friendship were significantly and positively correlated with the behavior dimension of self-concept, with the exception of companionship and recreation. Companionship and recreation were significantly correlated with the athletic competence dimension. Also, the greater the validation and caregiving in children's friendships, the greater their global self-esteem. On the other hand, there was also significant sex differences in same subscales of both constructs
Predictors of academic efficacy and dropout intention in university students: Can engagement suppress burnout?
Get PDFIn this study we modelled possible causes and consequences of student burnout and engagement on academic efficacy and dropout intention in university students. Further we asked, can student engagement protect against the effects of burnout? In total 4,061 university students from Portugal, Brazil, Mozambique, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Finland, Serbia, and Macao SAR, Taiwan participated in this study. With the data collected we analyzed the influence of Social Support, Coping Strategies, and school/course related variables on student engagement and burnout using structural equation modeling. We also analyzed the effect of student engagement, student burnout, and their interaction, on Academic Performance and Dropout Intention. We found that both student engagement and burnout are good predictors of subjective academic performance and dropout intention. However, student burnout suppresses the effect of student engagement on these variables. This result has strong implications for practitioners and administrators. To prevent student dropout, it is not enough to promote student engagement-additionally, and importantly, levels of student burnout must be kept low. Other variables such as social support and coping strategies are also relevant predictors of student engagement and burnout and should be considered when implementing preventive actions, self-help and guided intervention programs for college students.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Self-harm as a predisposition for suicide attempts: A study of adolescents' deliberate self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts
No full textThe aim of this study was to analyze the predictive risk factors for self-harm in adolescents with and without suicidal ideation. 600 adolescents answered a questionnaire about self-harm and suicidal behaviors. A logistic regression analysis was conducted. Over half of the individuals with deliberate self-harm (DSH) presented significant suicide risk. There was a direct association between DSH and suicide attempts, with almost the totality of the adolescents with suicide attempts also reporting DSH. According to the prediction model, suicidal ideation and diversity of DSH behaviors are significant predictors of suicide attempts, with an augmentation in the diversity of DSH behaviors and suicidal ideation predicting suicide attempts. Depression and anxiety appeared also as significant predictors of suicide attempts in adolescent self-harmers. Considering that the majority of the sample was not from a clinical setting, an alarming finding was that one third of the total sample was at suicide risk. These results place DSH as a key variable for early intervention.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Burnout em contexto prisional : contributos para a elaboração de um plano de intervenção
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Motivações para o voluntariado : o que está por detrás da doação pessoal?
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Perceção da literacia em saúde relacionada com estilos de vida em mulheres emigrantes
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Prevalência de ansiedade, depressão e estresse em clientes obesos numa clínica escola
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