Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Os recursos, os desafios e o bem-estar docente
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA- Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Educacionalca 2ª série de 26 de setembro, 2006.Este artigo reporta os resultados de um estudo que teve por objetivo analisar até que medida as perceções de professores sobre os desafios e recursos da profissão docente estão relacionadas com o bem-estar docente. Participaram 320 professores que lecionam em escolas do ensino básico e secundário do continente português. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análises fatoriais confirmatórias, análise de regressão e de efeitos de moderação. Os principais resultados mostram que as variáveis associadas aos desafios da profissão docente (e.g., pressão e tempo, conflitos entre colegas, falta de suporte e confiança por parte dos superiores e baixa motivação dos alunos) são preditores negativos do bem-estar dos professores (psicológico e social), enquanto as variáveis ligadas aos recursos do trabalho (e. g., suporte dos colegas, eficácia docente coletiva, autonomia e consonância de valores) preveem positivamente o bem-estar dos professores. O estudo dos efeitos de moderação revela que os recursos do trabalho (e.g. suporte dos colegas, autonomia, eficácia docente coletiva, consonância de valores, cultura coletiva) amortecem os efeitos dos desafios do trabalho sobre o bem-estar docente (psicológico e social).This article reports the results of a study that aimed to analyze the extent to which teachers' perceptions about the demands and resources of the teaching profession are related to teaching well-being. Participants were 320 Portuguese teachers in grades 1–11 (elementary up to secondary level). Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, regression analysis and moderation effects. The main results show that the variables associated with the job demands (e.g., pressure and time, conflicts between colleagues, lack of support and confidence on the part of superiors and low motivation of students) are negative predictors of teachers' well-being (psychological and social), whereas job resources (e.g., support from colleagues, collective teaching efficacy, autonomy and consonance of values) positively predict the well-being of teachers. The study of moderation effects shows that job resources (e.g. support from colleagues, autonomy, collective teaching efficacy, consonance of values, collective culture) buffered the job demands and well-being (psychological and social) relationship
Genetic variation in the social environment affects behavioral phenotypes of oxytocin receptor mutants in zebrafish
Get PDFOxytocin-like peptides have been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of social behaviors across taxa. On the other hand, the social environment, which is composed of conspecifics that may vary in their genotypes, also influences social behavior, creating the possibility for indirect genetic effects. Here, we used a zebrafish oxytocin receptor knockout line to investigate how the genotypic composition of the social environment (Gs) interacts with the oxytocin genotype of the focal individual (Gi) in the regulation of its social behavior. For this purpose, we have raised wild-type or knock-out zebrafish in either wild-type or knock-out shoals and tested different components of social behavior in adults. GixGs effects were detected in some behaviors, highlighting the need to control for GixGs effects when interpreting results of experiments using genetically modified animals, since the genotypic composition of the social environment can either rescue or promote phenotypes associated with specific genes.FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Genetic variation in the social environment affects behavioral phenotypes of oxytocin receptor mutants in zebrafish
Get PDFOxytocin-like peptides have been implicated in the regulation of a wide range of social behaviors across taxa. On the other hand, the social environment, which is composed of conspecifics that may vary in their genotypes, also influences social behavior, creating the possibility for indirect genetic effects. Here, we used a zebrafish oxytocin receptor knockout line to investigate how the genotypic composition of the social environment (Gs) interacts with the oxytocin genotype of the focal individual (Gi) in the regulation of its social behavior. For this purpose, we have raised wild-type or knock-out zebrafish in either wild-type or knock-out shoals and tested different components of social behavior in adults. GixGs effects were detected in some behaviors, highlighting the need to control for GixGs effects when interpreting results of experiments using genetically modified animals, since the genotypic composition of the social environment can either rescue or promote phenotypes associated with specific genes.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Distribution of genetic diversity reveals colonization patterns and philopatry of the loggerhead sea turtles across geographic scales
Get PDFUnderstanding the processes that underlie the current distribution of genetic diversity in endangered species is a goal of modern conservation biology. Specifically, the role of colonization and dispersal events throughout a species' evolutionary history often remains elusive. The loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) faces multiple conservation challenges due to its migratory nature and philopatric behaviour. Here, using 4207 mtDNA sequences, we analysed the colonisation patterns and distribution of genetic diversity within a major ocean basin (the Atlantic), a regional rookery (Cabo Verde Archipelago) and a local island (Island of Boa Vista, Cabo Verde). Data analysis using hypothesis-driven population genetic models suggests the colonization of the Atlantic has occurred in two distinct waves, each corresponding to a major mtDNA lineage. We propose the oldest lineage entered the basin via the isthmus of Panama and sequentially established aggregations in Brazil, Cabo Verde and in the area of USA and Mexico. The second lineage entered the Atlantic via the Cape of Good Hope, establishing colonies in the Mediterranean Sea, and from then on, re-colonized the already existing rookeries of the Atlantic. At the Cabo Verde level, we reveal an asymmetric gene flow maintaining links across island-specific nesting groups, despite significant genetic structure. This structure stems from female philopatric behaviours, which could further be detected by weak but significant differentiation amongst beaches separated by only a few kilometres on the island of Boa Vista. Exploring biogeographic processes at diverse geographic scales improves our understanding of the complex evolutionary history of highly migratory philopatric species. Unveiling the past facilitates the design of conservation programmes targeting the right management scale to maintain a species' evolutionary potential.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Factors associated with providers’ work engagement and burnout in homeless services: A cross‐national study
Get PDFThe complexity of homeless service users' characteristics and the contextual challenges faced by services can make the experience of working with people in homelessness stressful and can put providers' well-being at risk. In the current study, we investigated the association between service characteristics (i.e., the availability of training and supervision and the capability-fostering approach) and social service providers' work engagement and burnout. The study involved 497 social service providers working in homeless services in eight different European countries (62% women; mean age = 40.73, SD = 10.45) and was part of the Horizon 2020 European study "Homelessness as Unfairness (HOME_EU)." Using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), findings showed that the availability of training and supervision were positively associated with providers' work engagement and negatively associated with burnout. However, results varied based on the perceived usefulness of the training and supervision provided within the service and the specific outcome considered. The most consistent finding was the association between the degree to which a service promotes users' capabilities and all the aspects of providers' well-being analyzed. Results are discussed in relation to their implications for how configuration of homeless services can promote social service providers' well-being and high-quality care.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Construção e estudo exploratório das propriedades psicométricas de um instrumento breve para avaliar o espetro antissocial: Antisocial Spectrum
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A Perturbação Antissocial da Personalidade (PASP) apresenta-se como um distúrbio de personalidade com consequências graves, tanto para o próprio, como para a sociedade em geral. Desenvolver um instrumento de avaliação da Perturbação Antissocial da Personalidade, que seja teoricamente fundamentado, que contenha boas propriedades psicométricas, é um objetivo importante para a identificação e tratamento dos problemas associados ao comportamento desviante. Para a criação deste instrumento de avaliação, um conjunto inicial de itens foi gerado a partir de uma extensa revisão bibliográfica baseada nos critérios da DSM-5 e CID-10, manuais internacionais de referência para a avaliação e diagnóstico de doenças mentais. A validade de construto dos itens desenvolvidos foi testada através de Análise Fatorial Exploratória e de Análise Fatorial Confirmatória, em duas amostras de 250 participantes adultos. A versão final resultou na construção de um instrumento breve e de rápida aplicação composto por 8 itens com duas subdimensões e uma escala total. O ASSpectrum revelou boas propriedades psicométricas no que se refere à validade, fiabilidade e sensibilidade. Este instrumento tem potencial para ser uma medida útil para a identificação de traços antissociais na população adulta portuguesa.The Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) presents itself as a personality disorder with serious consequences, both for oneself and for society in general. Developing an instrument to assess Antisocial Personality Disorder, which is theoretically grounded, and presenting good psychometric properties, is an important aim for the identification and treatment of problems associated with deviant behavior. To create this assessment tool, an initial set of items were generated from an extensive bibliographic review based on the criteria of DSM-5 and ICD-10, international reference handbooks for the assessment and diagnosis of mental disorders. The validity of the items developed was tested through Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, in two samples of 250 adult participants. The final version resulted in the construction of a brief and fast application instrument composed of 8 items with two sub-dimensions and a total scale. ASSpectrum revealed good psychometric properties regard to validity, reliability and sensitivity. This instrument has the potential to be a useful measure for the identification of antisocial traits in the Portuguese adult population
Vulnerabilidades e recursos psicológicos nas forças armadas e de segurança: a importância do suporte social
No full textO presente estudo visa avaliar vulnerabilidades e recursos psicológicos em agentes das
forças armadas e de segurança tendo como objetivo principal avaliar a forma como a variável
satisfação com o suporte social vai influir os níveis de ansiedade, depressão, stress e burnout.
A amostra é constituída por 326 agentes das forças armadas e de segurança. Foram aplicadas a
Escala de Satisfação com o Suporte Social (ESSS), a Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress
(EADS-21), o Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) e um questionário sociodemográfico. Os
resultados revelaram que os agentes das forças armadas e de segurança apresentam, em média,
níveis reduzidos de ansiedade, depressão e stress, níveis moderados de burnout (exaustão e
distanciamento) e níveis elevados de satisfação com o suporte social. Verificou-se ainda que a
variável satisfação com o suporte social prediz significativamente os níveis de ansiedade,
depressão, stress e burnout. Pode-se então inferir que quanto maiores os níveis de satisfação
com o suporte social, menores os níveis de ansiedade, depressão, stress e burnout.This study aims to assess vulnerabilities and psychological resources in armed and
security forces agents, with the main objective of assessing how the variable satisfaction with
social support will influence the levels of anxiety, depression, stress and burnout. The sample
consists of 326 armed and security forces agents. The Social Support Satisfaction Scale (ESSS),
the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale (EADS-21), the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory
(OLBI) and a sociodemographic questionnaire were applied. The results revealed that armed
and security agents have, on average, reduced levels of anxiety, depression and stress, moderate
levels of burnout (exhaustion and disengagement) and high levels of satisfaction with social
support. It was also found that the variable satisfaction with social support significantly predicts
levels of anxiety, depression, stress and burnout. It can then be inferred that the higher the levels
of satisfaction with social support, the lower the levels of anxiety, depression, stress and
burnout
Práticas de literacia em jardim-de-infância em Portugal : o que dizem os educadores
Get PDFA organização de um ambiente pedagógico onde as crianças possam utilizar a riqueza comunicativa da linguagem escrita nas suas diversas modalidades, é fundamental para diminuir as desigualdades sociais e para que todas as crianças possam aceder com sucesso à escrita e à leitura no 1º ciclo. É neste contexto que se torna importante monitorizar as práticas desenvolvidas nos jardins-de-infância e refletir acerca da sua regularidade e intencionalidade. O objetivo deste estudo, visa perceber de que forma os educadores organizam e gerem o ambiente educativo e a rotina diária, de que forma trabalham a linguagem e a consciência linguística, como são contadas e lidas histórias e quais as estratégias que são usadas para ajudar a ler e a escrever.Este trabalho foi financiado por Fundos Nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, no âmbito do projeto UID/CED/04853/2016.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Orofacial Esthetic Scale and Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire: Development and psychometric properties of the Finnish version
Get PDFTo develop the Finnish version of the Orofacial Esthetic Scale (OES-Fi) and the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ-Fi) and estimate the psychometric properties of these instruments applied to adult Finns.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Measurement invariance across mother/child and father/child attachment relationships
Get PDFWe examine the factorial structure of the Security Scale Questionnaire (SSQ), exploring measurement invariance across mother-father-child attachment relationships, child sex, and country. We used the new 21-item SSQ version that integrates both safe haven and secure base behaviors in a two factors structure. Participants were 457 children (224 girls and 233 boys), ranging from 9 to 14 years old (M = 10.84, SD = 1.02) from Portuguese and USA samples. We confirmed the SSQ's two-factor structure, although four items were unrelated to the latent structure and excluded from the final model. Results showed that SSQ can be used to study both mother/child and father/child attachment relationships. Multi-group analyses suggested measurement invariance between boys and girls and between Portuguese and USA samples. Our findings suggest that the SSQ can be considered a valid and cost-effective tool to measure perceived attachment security in middle childhood for both mother/child and father/child relationships.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio