Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Employability profiles of higher education graduates: a person-oriented approach
No full textTheoretical and empirical literature developed over recent years supports
the concept of employability as a construct combining complex
interactions of individual and contextual dimensions. This study aimed
to identify differentiated profiles in graduates, combining personal and
contextual variables related to employability. For this, 182 graduates
from a public university were surveyed about their sociodemographic
and educational pathways and employment status 18 months after
university-to-work transition. Then, a latent class analysis was performed,
which allowed the emergence of four distinct groups: well-equipped,
high demand, vulnerable and non-traditional pathways. By adopting a
person-centered approach, this study allowed the identification of
different combinations of factors that, although recognized in current
literature, seem to organize themselves differently among the
heterogeneous population that presently obtain a higher education
degree. This study also raises some practical implications, namely the
importance of differentiated interventions, taking into consideration the
specificities of each group.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCT; FEDERinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perfil de saúde dos idosos : importância do suporte social e da funcionalidade
Get PDFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Aspirações à parentalidade em homens gays e bissexuais em Portugal
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade
de Psicologia ClínicaEsta investigação teve como objetivo compreender as aspirações à parentalidade em indivíduos gays e bissexuais em Portugal, utilizando princípios da teoria do Life Course. Pretendeu-se, ainda, investigar de que forma é que as aspirações à parentalidade nestes indivíduos podem ser influenciadas pelos cohorts aos que os mesmos pertencem e a existência de aspetos sócio-histórico tais como a homonegatividade. A metodologia utilizada foi qualitativa e o método foi a análise temática. A amostra é constituída por 6 participantes, 5 homens gays e 1 homem bissexual, com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e os 38 anos (M=24,5). Foi possível observar que a maioria dos participantes afirma ter desejo de parentalidade, mas que a intenção de serem pais irá surgir apenas no futuro quando reunirem certas condições. Foi antecipado por alguns participantes uma angústia se não forem capazes de ser pais. As formas de parentalidade preferidas foram a adoção nos participantes mais velhos e a FIV nos mais novos. A maioria dos participantes afirma que os benefícios da parentalidade se sobrepõem aos custos. A principal motivação para a parentalidade, observada em todos os indivíduos, foi a continuação do seu legado com o objetivo de transmitir valores de inclusão e respeito. A principal dificuldade associada à parentalidade pelos participantes foi o facto de poder existir discriminação perante os filhos no futuro. Relativamente à prática da parentalidade foi mencionado por todos os participantes que irão tentar ao máximo proteger os filhos, assim como tentar estabelecer uma relação de abertura e confiança com estes.This investigation aimed to understand the parental aspirations of gay and bisexual individuals in Portugal using the principles of Life Course Theory. It was also intended to research how the parental aspirations of these subjects can be influenced by the cohorts to which they belong to as well as the existence of sociohistorical aspects such as homonegativity. The methodology used was qualitative and the method was thematic analysis. The sample consists of 6 participants, 5 gay men and 1 bisexual man, aged between 20 and 38 years old (M=24,5). It was possible to observe that most participants claim having a parental wish but that the intention to become parents will only emerge in the future when certain conditions are met. Some participants anticipated anguish if they are unable to become parents. The preferred pathway to parenthood was adoption for older participants and IVF for the younger. Most participants say the benefits of parenting outweigh the costs. The main motivation for parenthood, observed in all subjects, was the continuation of their legacy with the goal of transmitting values of inclusion and respect. The main difficulty associated with parenthood by the participants was the fact that there may be discrimination against their children in the future. Regarding parenting practices, it was mentioned by all participants that they will try their best to protect their children, as well as try to establish an open and trusting relationship with them
A horizon scan of emerging global biological conservation issues for 2020
No full textIn this horizon scan, we highlight 15 emerging issues of potential relevance to global conservation in 2020. Seven relate to potentially extensive changes in vegetation or ecological systems. These changes are either relatively new, for example, conversion of kelp forests to simpler macroalgal systems, or may occur in the future, for example, as a result of the derivation of nanocelluose from wood or the rapid expansion of small hydropower schemes. Other topics highlight potential changes in national legislation that may have global effect on international agreements. Our panel of 23 scientists and practitioners selected these issues using a modified version of the Delphi technique from a long-list of 89 potential topics.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Determinants of the intention to use performance-enhancing substances among Portuguese Gym Users
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of the intentions to use prohibited performance-enhancing substances (PES) and to test the Theory of Planned Behavior's usefulness in predicting self-reported PES use in both genders. A convenience sample of Portuguese gym users (n = 453) completed an anonymous web-based survey. Structural equation modeling, multigroup analysis, and t-test with the Welch correction for heterokedastic variances were used. At the structural level, results support attitudes, beliefs, and subjective norms in predicting intentions to PES use in gym users, with subjective norms being its strongest predictor. Moreover, results showed a significant association between self-reported PES use and intentions to use. The predictive model was invariant across genders; however, compared to males, females believed less in the performance-enhancing effects of PES, were less prone to the influence of significant others, and had weaker intentions to use these substances. Psychological strategies should be based on subjective norms, alongside beliefs and attitudes, toward PES use as these variables influence the intention to use PES in this particular population.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Coaching for coaches : análise sobre os riscos psicossociais, a inteligência emocional e a performance em treinadores e membros de equipas técnicas
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.O presente estudo tem como objetivos: (1) avaliar os riscos psicossociais dos treinadores e membros de equipas técnicas, (2) perceber a relação entre as dimensões dos riscos psicossociais e a performance, onde para isso foi necessário (3) criar um questionário com o objetivo de medir eficazmente as perceções destes profissionais acerca do seu desempenho, e (4) perceber o efeito moderador da inteligência emocional na relação entre as dimensões dos riscos psicossociais e a performance.
A amostra é constituída por 238 participantes (treinadores e membros de equipas técnicas), 208 são do sexo masculino e 30 do sexo feminino, com uma média de idades de 38.9 anos (DP = 12.4). Os dados foram recolhidos através de um método de questionários online.
Os resultados obtidos revelam que (1) os riscos psicossociais dos treinadores e membros de equipas técnicas estão, na sua maioria, dentro dos valores de referência para a população portuguesa, (2) a relação entre os riscos psicossociais e a performance é significativa para 25 dimensões (29 no total), (3) o questionário de perceção de desempenho para treinadores e membros de equipas técnicas apresenta boas qualidades psicométricas, e (4) a inteligência emocional modera a relação entre os riscos psicossociais e a performance apenas em 7 dimensões.
Estes resultados são importantes porque contribuem para o desenvolvimento da literatura nas áreas dos riscos psicossociais, inteligência emocional e performance, e providenciam informações úteis para a prática desportiva que podem ser utilizadas pelas instituições e pelos profissionais.The purpose of the present paper is: (1) to evaluate the psychosocial risks of coaches and technical team members, (2) understand the relationship between the psychosocial risks dimensions and performance, where it was necessary (3) to create an instrument that could effectively measure the perceptions of performance of this professionals, (4) and understand the moderator effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between the psychosocial risks dimensions and performance.
The sample is constituded by 238 participants (coaches and technical team members), where 208 are males and 30 are females, with an average age of 38.9 years (DP = 12.4). The data was collected through an online-questionnaire method.
The results reveal that (1) the psychosocial risks of coaches and technical team members are, for the most part, within the reference values for the portuguese population, (2) the relationship between the psychosocial risks and performance is significant for 25 dimensions (29 in total), (3) the questionnaire for performance perceptions in coaches and technical team members shows good psychometric qualities, and (4) emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between psychosocial risks and performance only in 7 dimensios.
This results are important because they contribute to the development of the literature in the areas of psychosocial risks, emotional intelligence and performance, and they provide useful information that can be used in sports practice by the organizations and the professionals
EU Citizens and Homelessness
Get PDFThis chapter provides a description of the implementation of the European citizens’ survey, led by the
French team from Aix Marseille University, as part of the HOME_EU project. The French team set out to
use a telephone survey and quantitative research methods to investigate the opinions and experiences
of European citizens in relation to homelessness, in addition to use a contingent valuation method to
elicit the value respondents placed on the Housing First model as a potential solution to long-term
homelessness. Data collection covered a 10-month period (March to December 2017). The survey produced
results for European citizen’s knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) in relation to homelessness,
willingness to pay (WTP) for the Housing First model, and the prevalence of homelessness among the
‘survey and the WP2 as a whole close the chapter.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Rising to the challenge? Inter-individual variation of the androgen response to social interactions in cichlid fish
Get PDFThe Challenge Hypothesis (Wingfield et al. Am. Nat. 136, 829-846) aims to explain the complex relationship between androgens and social interactions. Despite its well acceptance in the behavioral endocrinology literature, several studies have failed to found an androgen response to staged social interactions. Possible reasons for these inconsistencies are the use of single sampling points that may miss the response peak, and the occurrence of inter-individual variability in the androgen response to social interactions. In this study we addressed these two possible confounding factors by characterizing the temporal pattern of the androgen response to social interactions in the African cichlid, Oreochromis mossambicus, and relating it to inter-individual variation in terms of the individual scope for androgen response (i.e. the difference between baseline and maximum physiological levels for each fish) and behavioral types. We found that the androgen response to territorial intrusions varies between individuals and is related to their scope for response. Individuals that have a lower scope for androgen response did not increase androgens after a territorial intrusion but were more aggressive and exploratory. In contrast males with a higher scope for response had fewer aggressive and exploratory behaviors and exhibited two peaks of KT, an early response 2-15 min after the interaction and a late response at 60-90 min post-interaction. Given that the pharmacological challenge of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonad axis only elicits the late response, we suggest that these two peaks may be regulated by different physiological mechanisms, with the early response being mediated by direct brain-gonad neural pathways. In summary, we suggest that determining the temporal pattern of the androgen response to social interactions and considering inter-individual variation may be the key to understanding the contradictory results of the Challenge Hypothesis.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceptions of organizational justice and commitment of non-family employees in family and non-family firms
No full textPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore differences between non-family employees of family and
non-family firms regarding the perceptions of organizational justice and levels of organizational commitment.
Moreover, focusing on non-family employees of family firms, the study assesses the relation between the
perceptions of organizational justice and levels of organizational commitment. Finally, the study seeks to
understand which dimension of organizational commitment (i.e. affective, continuance, or normative) is more
associated with the perceptions of organizational justice of non-family employees working in family firms.
Design/methodology/approach – The empirical evidence is provided by a sample of 205 Portuguese
employees, 98 non-family employees of family firms, and 107 non-family firms’ employees, who responded to a
questionnaire that included organizational justice and commitment measures. All firms included in the sample
are small-sized privately owned companies.
Findings – Results show that there are no differences between non-family employees of family and non-family
firms regarding the perceptions of organizational justice. However, results reveal that there are significant
differences regarding the levels of organizational commitment. Furthermore, it was found that, in family firms,
non-family employees’ perceptions of organizational justice are positively related to the levels of commitment,
especially regarding the affective dimension.
Originality/value – This paper aims to contribute to the literature by addressing two classical organizational
aspects, which are yet under-researched in the comparison between family and non-family firms, while
pursuing to shed some light on the relationship between the perceptions of organizational justice and levels of
organizational commitment of non-family employees working in family firms.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio