Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Trace elements’ reference levels in blood of breeding black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophris from the Falkland Islands
Get PDFTrace elements' concentration in the ocean is fast growing and is a source of major concern. Being charismatic and at the top of food chains, seabirds are often used as biological monitors of contaminants. We studied the concentration of trace elements in blood of black-browed albatross from the Falklands Islands, which we here show, by tracking with geolocators, forage over most of the Patagonian Shelf. Levels of trace elements were measured in males and females from two different islands. Blood concentrations of trace elements were not significantly different between islands, which is consistent with observations from foraging behavior revealing that birds from both islands foraged in broadly the same areas in the months before sampling. Arsenic and selenium concentrations in females were higher than in males. Sex-related differences in the concentration of these elements may be related to unknown slight differences in diet or to differences in assimilation between sexes. These results provide reference values for monitoring elemental contamination in the Patagonian Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem using black-browed albatrosses, one of the most abundant top predators and a suitable sentinel for the region's environmental health.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Experiências de adversidade na infância : impacto nos problemas psicossociais e comportamento desviante no início da idade adulta
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.As experiências de adversidade na infância e adolescência podem ter um impacto nocivo no desenvolvimento psicológico, emocional e social de um indivíduo, afetando assim o seu bem-estar, a sua presença e atividade na sociedade. Nesse sentido, e de forma a perceber os efeitos das experiências de adversidade vivenciadas durante a infância e/ou adolescência no ajustamento psicossocial, esta investigação explora três hipóteses de investigação, nomeadamente se, quanto mais versátil é o número de experiências de adversidade na infância e adolescência: 1) mais versátil será o comportamento desviante; 2) mais acentuados serão os problemas de saúde mental, nomeadamente, os índices de depressão, ansiedade e stress; e 3) mais frequente o consumo de substâncias (álcool e drogas); no início da idade adulta. Este estudo apresenta uma amostra de 617 jovens adultos, entre os 18 e os 20 anos, que preencheram os protocolos de autopreenchimento, Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress, Escala de Variedade do Comportamento Desviante e Questionário da História de Adversidade na Infância. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que, quanto maior a versatilidade de experiências de adversidade, na infância, maior é a variedade do comportamento desviante, bem como os níveis de stress, ansiedade, depressão e consumo de drogas ilícitas. Estes resultados vão ao encontro da evidência empírica e da literatura encontrada, suportando que, quanto maior a variedade de experiências adversas sofridas na infância, maior será o impacto na versatilidade do comportamento desviante, consumo de substâncias e desajustamento psicossocial. Relativamente à variável álcool, os resultados não se apresentam como significativos, não correspondendo aos efeitos descritos na literatura existente. Esta investigação sugere que, índices mais elevados de ansiedade, depressão, stress, consumos de substâncias e maior variedade do comportamento desviante, encontram-se associados ao maltrato infantojuvenil. Por fim, são sugeridas recomendações políticas e clínicas para eventuais investigações futuras.Adverse childhood experiences can have a harmful impact on an individual's psychological, emotional, and social development, thus affecting his well-being and his presence and activity in society. In this sense and to understand the effects of adverse childhood and adolescence experiences on psychosocial adjustment, this investigation explores three hypotheses, namely whether, the more versatile the number of childhood and adolescent adverse experiences: 1) the more versatile will be deviant behavior; 2) the more accentuated will be the mental problems, namely, the rates of depression, anxiety and stress; and 3) more frequent substance use (alcohol and drugs); in early adulthood. This study is composed of a sample of 617 young adults, aged between 18 and 20 years old, who were evaluated in the self-report protocols, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, Deviant Behaviour Versatility Scale, and The adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire. The results indicate that the higher the versatility of adverse experiences in childhood, the higher the variety of deviant behavior, as well as the levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and drug use. These results are in line with the empirical evidence, and literature found, which supports that wider the variety of adverse experiences suffered in childhood, the higher the impact on the versatility of deviant behavior, substance use, and psychosocial maladjustment. Regarding the alcohol variable, the results are not significant, nor meeting the effects described in the existing literature. This investigation suggests that higher levels of anxiety, depression, stress, substance use, and deviant behavior are associated with child and adolescent maltreatment. Finally, political and clinical recommendations are suggested for possible future investigations
O outro lado do employer attractiveness : será esta uma estratégia exclusiva para talentos
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.São poucas as investigações no âmbito do Employer Branding que procuram compreender o impacto destas estratégias nos colaboradores atuais de uma organização, assentando a maioria na perspetiva da atração de Talento. Este estudo procura colmatar esta lacuna através da compreensão do impacto destas práticas no Desempenho Individual de Trabalho e nas Intenções de Saída, aspetos essenciais para o alcance de vantagem competitiva no contexto atual. Adicionalmente, tendo em conta que estas práticas surgem associadas à atração de Talento, procurou compreender-se o efeito moderador do Talento nesta relação.
Este estudo contou com a participação de 227 sujeitos empregados (72% do sexo feminino e 28% do sexo masculino), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 62 anos.
Recorreu-se a quatro instrumentos, a escala de Employer Attractiveness (EA) de Puri (2018), a escala de Desempenho Individual de Trabalho de Koopmans e colaboradores (2012), a escala de Intenções de Saída de Bozeman e Perrewe’s (2001) e a escala de Talento Organizacional de Oliveira e colaboradores (2013).
Os resultados obtidos permitem verificar a existência de um impacto significativo de algumas dimensões do EA (Valor Papel, Valor Familiar, Valor Crescimento Carreira, Valor Ético e Cultural, Valor Localização e Valor Desenvolvimento) nos outcomes em estudo. Ao nível do efeito moderador do Talento, este apenas se verificou parcialmente na relação entre o EA e o Desempenho, tendo estas práticas demonstrado um efeito potenciado em colaboradores com menores níveis de Talento.There are few investigations within the scope of Employer Branding that seek to understand the impact of these strategies on the current employees of an organization, based mostly on the prospect of attracting Talent. This study seeks to fill this gap by understanding the impact of this practices on Individual Work Performance and Turnover Intentions on the current employees of an organization, essential aspects for achieving competitive advantage in the current organizational context. In addition, and taking into account that these practices appear associated with the need to attract Talents, it was also attempted to understand the moderating impact of talent on this relashionship.
This study included 227 employed subjects, with a sample of 72% female and 28% male, aged between 18 and 62 years.
In order to measure the variables, four scales were used, the Employer Attractiveness Questionnaire of Puri (2018), the Koopmans and collaborators (2012) Individual Work Performance Questionnaire, the Bozeman and Perrewe’s (2001) Turnover Intentions Questionnaire and the Organizational Talent Questionnaire of Oliveira and collaborators (2013).
The results allow to verify the existence of a significant impact of some dimensions of the EA (Paper Value, Family Value, Career Growth Value, Ethical and Cultural Value, Location Value and Development Value) on the outcomes in study. In terms of the moderating effect of Talent, this was only partially verified between EA and Performance, where those practices revealed a higher effect on employees with lower levels of talent
Norms for 150 consumer products: Perceived complexity, quality objectivity, material/experiential nature, perceived price, familiarity and attitude
Get PDFConsumer products are widely used as stimuli across several research fields. The use of consumer products as experimental stimuli lacks, however, the support of normative data regarding product features variability. In this work, we provide a first set of norms for people's perceptions of 150 consumer products regarding six relevant dimensions: product perceived complexity, quality objectivity, material/experiential nature, perceived price, familiarity and attitude. Products available in this normative database showed good overall distribution across the range of the dimensions evaluated. Obtained correlations between some of these dimensions provided evidence of how they can be confounded across products, further justifying the need to control for these dimensions. These norms should aid future research by allowing researchers to select products according to specific attributes and achieve appropriate experimental control. The norms here provided should also aid consumer behavior practitioners (such as marketers and advertisers) by providing insights as to how consumers perceive products along relevant dimensions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Ansiedade e adesão ao tratamento em indivíduos com hipertensão arterial
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A terapia breve orientada para soluções (TBOS) : um caso de sucesso, com diagnóstico de bipolaridade
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The lasting smell of emotions: The effects of reutilizing fear sweat samples
Get PDFA growing body of research has shown that human apocrine sweat carries information about the emotional state of its donor. Exposure to sweat produced in a fear-inducing context triggers in its receivers a simulacrum of this emotional state, as evidenced by increased medial frontalis and corrugator supercilii (facial electromyography; fEMG) activity - two facial muscles involved in the display of fear facial expressions. However, despite the increased interest in the effects of emotional sweat, little is known about the properties of these chemical sweat samples. The goal of this study was to examine whether a second application of the same sweat sample would yield reliable results. Specifically, we assessed whether sweat samples collected from Portuguese males (N = 8) in fear (vs. neutral)-inducing contexts would produce similar fEMG activations (i.e., in the medial frontalis and corrugator supercilii) in female receivers (N = 60) across two independent applications (the first with Dutch and the second with Portuguese receivers). Our findings showed that exposure to fear (vs. neutral) sweat resulted in higher activation of both muscles compared with neutral odors, revealing a similar data pattern across the two applications and underlining the feasibility of reusing emotional sweat samples. The implications of these findings for properties of these sweat volatiles are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Invented spelling activities in kindergarten : the role of instructional scaffolding and collaborative learning
Get PDFThere is considerable evidence on the connections between
emergent literacy-related skills in preschool-age and successful
reading and writing. The purpose of this double-designed
experimental/descriptive study was to analyse the impact of
invented spelling activities on kindergarten children’s spelling
performance and to explore adult mediation and peer
collaboration processes that occurred within a sample of
intervention sessions. Data was collected with 52 participants
divided into an experimental group and a control group who
were submitted to a pre/post-test assessment. The global
quantitative analysis revealed the strong impact of the
intervention on children’s word spelling progress scores. The
descriptive qualitative data of 2304 verbal interventions of a
small-scale sample suggested that significant and diverse
mediation scaffolding strategies were incorporated by the
children in a shared dialogical learning approach. Our findings
point to the need for delivering group interaction activities
combining early literacy contents in kindergarten contexts as a
vehicle for responding to the challenge of reading and writing
acquisition at the beginning of schooling.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Assessing cetacean occurrence along a fixed transect in the Madeira archipelago
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Biologia marinha e conservação.Cetaceans are key species in marine ecosystems, knowledge of their distribution patterns is fundamental not only for their conservation and management, but also for their habitat. Still, data on their occurrence in Madeira Archipelago, is fragmented and scarce. For the current study, platforms of opportunity were used to collect data, resulting in 17,000 km surveyed, 590 sightings and the identification of eleven species, from a two-year sampling range between June 2016 and June 2018. The current study also gives new insights into unexplored or under- studied areas, such as the area between Madeira Island and Porto Santo Island.
From all the identified species, only those with a number of sightings equal or greater than 20 were included to determine encounter rates and investigate temporal and spatial distribution, these were, Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis), common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) and Bryde’s whale (Balaenoptera edeni). Correlation between spatial distribution and environmental habitat variables, such as distance to coast and depth, was also inferred.
Hence this thesis aims to contribute to increase the enrichment of knowledge regarding cetacean presence in the Madeira archipelago by looking into their spatio-temporal patterns of distribution.
Results have pinpointed the richness of the studied area, as cetaceans occurred through the entire route, with the identification of a total of 11 from the 29 species identified for the Madeira archipelago. The correlation between distance to coast and depth seems to influence the distribution of some species. Among the sighted species, the Bryde’s whale showed a preference for coastal waters, while the sperm whale seems to occur most frequently in deeper waters.
Considering the Habitats Directive resolutions, ACCOBAMS’ agreement priorities and the urgent need for management plans, it is suggested that the sampling strategy here presented is a cost-effective method to collect valuable data for such key species.O grupo dos cetáceos inclui representantes de espécies fundamentais para os ecossistemas marinhos e o conhecimento dos seus padrões de distribuição é fundamental para a gestão e conservação não só dos cetáceos, mas também seu habitat. Contudo, dados sobre a sua ocorrência no arquipélago da Madeira são fragmentados e escassos. Para adquirir tais informações, foram utilizadas plataformas de oportunidade, resultando em 17.000 km percorridos, 590 avistamentos e identificação de 11 espécies, num intervalo de amostragem de dois anos, entre junho de 2016 e junho de 2018. O presente estudo também faculta no conhecimento sobre áreas inexploradas ou pouco estudadas, como a área entre a Ilha da Madeira e Ilha de Porto Santo. De todas as espécies identificadas, apenas aquelas com um número de avistamentos (n) acima de 20 foram consideradas para determinar taxas de encontro e investigar a sua distribuição temporal e espacial: golfinho-pintado (Stenella frontalis), golfinho-roaz (Tursiops truncatus), golfinho-comum (Delphinus delphis), baleia-piloto-tropical (Globicephala macrorhynchus), cachalote (Physeter macrocephalus) e baleia-de-Bryde (Balaenoptera edeni). A possível correlação entre a distribuição espacial e variáveis ambientais estáticas, como distância à costa e profundidade também foi analisada.
A presente tese tem como objetivo contribuir para o enriquecimento do conhecimento geral sobre a presença de cetáceos no arquipélago da Madeira, estudando os seus padrões de distribuição espaço-temporal. Os resultados indicam uma grande riqueza da área estudada, pois a presença de cetáceos ocorreu ao longo de todo o percurso, permitindo a identificação de um total de 11 das 29 espécies identificadas para o arquipélago da Madeira. As variáveis ambientais, distância da costa e profundidade, mostraram influenciar a distribuição de algumas espécies, entre as quais a Baleia-de-Bryde, que mostrou preferência por águas costeiras, enquanto o cachalote mostrou preferência por águas mais profundas. Para todas as restantes, nenhuma correlação foi inferida, sugerindo uma ampla gama de uso de habitat. Considerando as resoluções da Diretiva Habitats, as prioridades do tratado ACCOBAMS e a necessidade urgente de planos de gestão, sugere-se que a estratégia de amostragem aqui apresentada, utilizando plataformas de oportunidade para recolha de dados em áreas mais inacessíveis, seja um método económico para reunir dados valiosos para a conservação de espécies-chave, como os cetáceos
Modelo de auto-regulação de Leventhal no cancro da mama
No full textAbstract: The aim of this study was to examine psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer, according to Leventhal’s self-regulation model. We tried to understand the role of emotional adjustment and illness representations
in coping. The participants were 74 Portuguese recently diagnosed breast cancer patients. Measures included the Portuguese versions of: The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), to assess emotional adjustment (anxiety; depression); the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ), to
evaluate illness perceptions; and the Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini-MAC) to assess coping style. The principal hypothesis was that illness perceptions and emotional adjustment would be significant predictors of coping before surgery. The hypothesis was confirmed for most coping strategies. Emotional adjustment and illness representations were significant predictors of coping, which supports Leventhal’s Self-Regulatory Model, in this sample. Emotional adjustment and illness perceptions were significant
predictors of Helplessness/Hopelessness, Anxious Preoccupation, and Fighting Spirit coping strategies.Resumo: Este estudo analisa o ajustamento psicossocial ao cancro da mama, tendo por base o Modelo de auto-regulação de Leventhal. Procura compreender o papel do ajustamento emocional e representações de
doença no coping. A amostra foi constituída por 74 mulheres Portuguesas recentemente diagnosticadas com cancro da mama. As medidas utilizadas foram: A Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão (HADS), para avaliar o ajustamento emocional (ansiedade e depressão); o Questionário de Perceções de Doença Breve (IPQ-B), para avaliar as perceções de doença; e a Escala de Ajustamento Mental ao Cancro (mini-Mac), para avaliar o coping. A hipótese previa que as perceções de doença e o ajustamento
emocional fossem preditores significativos do coping, antes da cirurgia. A hipótese confirmou-se para a maioria das estratégias de coping, o que vai de encontro ao Modelo de auto-regulação de Leventhal. O ajustamento emocional e as perceções de doença são preditores significativos das estratégias de coping Impotência/Desesperança, Preocupação Ansiosa e Espírito de Luta.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio