Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
Repositório do ISPANot a member yet
10030 research outputs found
Sort by
Super skills for life – US : protocolo para funcionários do CAMPIS
Get PDFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Vitiligo conceitos e patogenia : uma revisão bibliométrica
Get PDFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Os avós : mediadores intergeracionais e transmissores de saberes socioculturais
Get PDFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Recomendações para as bibliotecas do ensino superior de Portugal 2020 - 2022
Get PDFinexistenteinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics on dental patients
No full textObjective: This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of demographic and clinical characteristics on the psychosocial
impact of dental aesthetics of dental patients. Methods: The psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics was assessed by the
Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). Data validity was estimated using confirmatory factor
analysis (CFA). Reliability was assessed using standardised Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (a). A structural model was
developed to assess the contribution of demographic and clinical characteristics to the results. The fit of the model was
evaluated and the z test (a = 5%) was used to estimate the significance of the contributions (b). Results: A total of 505
dental patients (80% female; age: 36.3, SD = 11.4) participated in the study. Data showed adequate validity (CFA: v2/
df = 3.3, Tucker–Lewis index [TLI] = 0.92, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.92 and root mean square error of approximation
[RMSEA] = 0.07) and reliability (a = 0.77–0.92). The fit of the structural model was adequate (v2/df = 2.8,
TLI = 0.89, CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.06). People of a lower economic level, with incomplete dentition, who did not
undergo previous aesthetic dental treatment, and who did not like their own smile showed greater psychosocial impact
of dental aesthetics. Conclusions: Demographic and clinical characteristics should be considered in the evaluation of the impact of dental aesthetics on individuals’. Moreover, PIDAQ is an alternative tool for clinical evaluation of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics because it provides valid and reliable data.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Warming enhances lanthanum accumulation and toxicity promoting cellular damage in glass eels (Anguilla anguilla)
Get PDFCumulative and continuing human emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere are causing ocean warming. Rising temperature is a major threat to aquatic organisms and may affect physiological responses, such as acid-base balance, often compromising species fitness and survival. It is also expected that warming may influence the availability and toxicological effects of pollutants, including Rare Earth Elements. These are contaminants of environmental emerging concern with great economic interest. This group comprises yttrium, scandium and lanthanides, being Lanthanum (La) one of the most common. The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is critically endangered and constitutes a delicacy in South East Asia and Europe, being subject to an increasing demand on a global scale. Considering the vulnerability of early life stages to contaminants, we exposed glass eels to 1.5 μg L-1 of La for five days, plus five days of depuration, under a present-day temperature and warming scenarios (△T = +4 °C). The aim of this study was to assess the bioaccumulation, elimination and specific biochemical enzymatic endpoints in glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) tissues, under warming and La. Overall, our results showed that the accumulation and toxicity of La were enhanced with increasing temperature. The accumulation was higher in the viscera, followed by the head, and ultimately the body. Elimination was less effective under warming. Exposure to La did not impact acetylcholinesterase activity. Moreover, lipid peroxidation peaked after five days under the combined exposure of La and warming. The expression of heat shock proteins was majorly suppressed in glass eels exposed to La, at both tested temperatures. This result suggests that, when exposed to La, glass eels were unable to efficiently prevent cellular damage, with a particularly dramatic setup in a near-future scenario. Further studies are needed towards a better understanding of the effects of lanthanum in a changing world.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
An ontogenetic perspective on migratory strategy of a long-lived pelagic seabird: Timings and destinations change progressively during maturation
Get PDFThe processes that drive the ontogeny of migratory strategies in long-lived animals with slow maturation remain enigmatic. While some short-lived migrants are known or believed to repeat the same migratory patterns throughout their lives, little is known on the time required for immature long-lived migrants to progressively acquire adult-like migratory behaviours, or which aspects take longer to refine during the maturation process. Here, we studied the ontogeny of long-distance migratory strategies and related patterns of spatial distribution in a long-lived seabird species during the annual cycle. To do so, we deployed light-level geolocators on 4- to 9-year-old immature Cory's shearwaters (Calonectris borealis) and on breeding adults. We revealed that migratory timings and destinations of young shearwaters progressively changed with age. The effect of ageing was remarkably evident on spring migratory performance and phenology. Birds gradually shortened the duration of the non-breeding period by advancing departure date and reducing travelling time, which resulted in a sequential arrival at the colony of the various age contingents. Ageing immatures gradually changed from a more exploratory strategy to a more conservative way of exploiting resources, reducing both their year-round spatial spread across oceanic domains and the total distance travelled. Immatures always performed a trans-equatorial migration to the Southern Hemisphere, contrasting with 17% of the adults which remained in the North Atlantic year-round. Finally, during the breeding season immatures were widely dispersed through the North Atlantic reducing their overlap with breeding adults. Our long-term study provides empirical support to the hypothesis that in long-lived species, the refinement of migratory behaviour and year-round spatial distribution is a progressive process mediated by age and experience, where life stage constraints and competition for resources may also play a role. The emerging pattern suggests that for some avian taxa, the ontogeny of migratory strategy is a prolonged, complex and dynamic process.FEDER; FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Cyberbullying and bullying: Impact on psychological symptoms and well-being
Get PDFRelated, but with different impacts on psychological symptoms and well-being, bullying and cyberbullying have been the subject of numerous studies. The present study analysed the associations between cyberbullying and bullying, specifically: 1) gender, school grade and age associations with cyberbullying and bullying; 2) the impact of cyberbullying and bullying on psychological, social and contextual symptoms and well-being according to cyberbullying involvement, and 3) a combined bullying context was compared to single bullying contexts and to non-involvement for psychological, social and contextual factors, and well-being, among a cross-sectional and randomly assigned sample based on the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Portuguese Study, a World Health Organization collaborative study (HBSC/ WHO). Composed by 6026 adolescents (47.7% male), aged between 10 and 19.92 years old (M=13.77;SD=1.68), in the 6th, 8th,and 10th grades, results showed that 10.9% of the participants reported being involved in cyberbullying, as cybervictims, cyberbullies or cyberbully-victims, and 47.9% in bullying. Most of the cybervictims reported being involved as victims and bully-victims in bullying; cyberbullies as bully-victims in bullying, and most of the cyberbully-victims reported having the same role in bullying. Frequently, cybervictims were females and most of the cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims were males. No significant associations were found for age and for Body Mass Index. Comparisons between groups, based on the participants’ role in cyberbullying, showed significant differences for substances use, emotional symptoms, school context, fights and friends. Further comparisons (according to participant’s role, not involved, or involved in single or combined bullying) evidenced the cumulative effect of combined bullying. In conclusion, given the different characteristics and impact of cyberbullying on cybervictims, cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims, is crucial to consider the interrelations between the groups and focus on a more engaging perspective, based on an ecological intervention model. Results will be discussed from a public policy perspective.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A cara e a coroa da personalidade : adaptação da light triad scale para a população portuguesa
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário, Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.Light Triad Scale (ETL) avalia os pensamentos, atitudes e comportamentos que são orientados e motivados pela cooperação, ajuda e respeito pelos outros, sendo composta pelas dimensões Fé na Humanidade (FH), Humanismo (H) e Kantianismo (K)
O presente estudo incidiu na adaptação do instrumento original para a população Portuguesa, sendo também analisada a relação entre a situação pandémica atual da covid-19 com as respostas dos sujeitos ao questionário. Foram recolhidas duas amostras independentes, sendo a primeira amostra constituída por 150 sujeitos e a segunda amostra composta por 101 sujeitos em situações temporais diferentes relativamente à covid-19.
A análise factorial confirmatória foi utilizada para avaliar os pressupostos dos modelos de invariância, no qual os resultados confirmaram a invariância da ETL nas duas amostras. Confirmou-se no modelo tridimensional da ETL índices de ajustamento aceitáveis (CMIN/DF=1.968; GFI= 0.94 CFI= 0.93; TLI= 0.91; RMSEA= 0.06) e uma boa consistência interna da escala (α= .74).
Os resultados nas correlações vieram evidenciar não só associação positiva da ETL com o traço geral da Amabilidade (r= .41) como também a sua correlação negativa com a escala TN-12 (r= -.42). No entanto, não houve relação significativa entre a ETL e os itens da covid-19 (r= .16; r= .12).The Light Triad Scale (LTS) measures thoughts, attitudes and behaviours that are oriented and motivated towards cooperation, help and respect for others, being composed by the dimensions Faith in Humanity (FH), Humanism (H), and Kantianism (K).
The present study is focused on the adaptation of the LTS for the Portuguese population. The relationship between the current pandemic situation of covid-19 with the subjects responses to the questionnaire was also explored. Two independent samples were collected, the first sample with 150 subjects and the second sample with 101 subjects.
The confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the assumptions of the invariance models, in which the results confirmed the LTS invariance in the two samples. Acceptable adjustment rates (CMIN/DF=1.968; GFI= 0.94; CFI= 0.93; TLI= 0.91; RMSEA= 0.06) and a good internal consistency (α= .74) of the scale were found in the ETL three-dimensional model.
The correlations results showed not only a good association between the LTS and the Agreeableness general trait (r= .41), but also LTS negative correlation with the TN-12 scale (r= -.42). However, there was no significant correlation between LTS and covid-19 items (r= .16; r= .12)
E se as emoções fossem a solução : regulação emocional em empresas familiares
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.O presente estudo tem como finalidade compreender de forma mais aprofundada a importância da regulação emocional em contexto laboral. Em primeira instância pretendeu-se compreender se existem diferenças na regulação emocional entre colaboradores de empresas familiares e empresas não familiares, e se a regulação emocional tem impacto na satisfação laboral e no desempenho dos colaboradores. Pretendeu-se ainda compreender se a satisfação laboral e o desempenho diferem consoante o tipo de empresa. E por fim, perceber se existem diferenças na regulação emocional, na satisfação laboral e no desempenho consoante o grau de influência familiar.
A amostra total é composta por 178 participantes, dos quais 80 pertencem a empresas familiares e 98 a empresas não familiares.
Os resultados obtidos revelam que não existem diferenças significativas na regulação emocional entre colaboradores de empresas familiares e empresas não familiares. A satisfação laboral apresentou diferenças significativas quando correlacionada com o tipo de empresa e o grau de influência familiar. Em contrapartida, não existem diferenças significativas no que respeita ao desempenho dos colaboradores quando correlacionado com o tipo de empresa e o grau de influência familiar. Por fim, é possível concluir que existe uma relação positiva entre a regulação emocional, a satisfação laboral e o desempenho.The purpose of this paper is to address and understand the importance of emotional regulation in the professional context, by exploring if there are differences regarding the emotional regulation between family and non-family companies’ employees and if the emotional regulation has an impact on job satisfaction and on performance. It was also intended to understand if the job satisfaction and the performance of the employees differ according to the company type, they work in. Moreover, focusing on employees of family firms, the study assesses if there are differences between the emotional regulation, job satisfaction and employee’s performance depending on the level of familiar influence.
The empirical evidence is provided by a sample of 178 Portuguese employees, 80 employees of family firms, and 98 non-family firms’ employees. The results reveal that there are no significant differences in the levels of emotional regulation between employees of family and non-family companies. The job satisfaction levels show significant differences when correlated with the type of company and the family influence levels. In contrast, there are no significant differences regarding the employee’s performance when correlated with the type of company and the family influence levels. Finally, it is possible to conclude that there is a positive relation between emotional regulation, job satisfaction and performance