Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Early social deprivation shapes neuronal programming of the social decision‐making network in a cooperatively breeding fish
No full textThe early social environment an animal experiences may have pervasive effects on its behaviour. The social decision-making network (SDMN), consisting of interconnected brain nuclei from the forebrain and midbrain, is involved in the regulation of behaviours during social interactions. In species with advanced sociality such as cooperative breeders, offspring are exposed to a large number and a great diversity of social interactions every day of their early life. This diverse social environment may have life-long consequences on the development of several neurophysiological systems within the SDMN, although these effects are largely unknown. We studied these life-long effects in a cooperatively breeding fish, Neolamprologus pulcher, focusing on the expression of genes involved in the monoaminergic and stress response systems in the SDMN. N. pulcher fry were raised until an age of 2 months either with their parents, subordinate helpers and same-clutch siblings (+F), or with same-clutch siblings only (-F). Analysis of the expression of glucocorticoid receptor, mineralocorticoid receptor, corticotropin releasing factor, dopamine receptors 1 and 2, serotonin transporter and DNA methyltransferase 1 genes showed that early social experiences altered the neurogenomic profile of the preoptic area. Moreover, the dopamine receptor 1 gene was up-regulated in the preoptic area of -F fish compared to +F fish. -F fish also showed up-regulation of GR1 expression in the dorsal medial telencephalon (functional equivalent to the basolateral amygdala), and in the dorsolateral telencephalon (functional equivalent to the hippocampus). Our results suggest that early social environment has life-long effects on the development of several neurophysiological systems within the SDMN.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Avaliação do ajustamento psicossocial em pacientes com cancro do pulmão e seus cuidadores
No full textAbstract: Lung cancer (LC) is one of the most common types of cancer disease worldwide. Studies in the field show that the appearance of a pathology of this form causes changes not only in the patient’s life, namely psychological problems, functional limitations and poorer health due to the clinical consequences of treatments, but also in their family, where caregivers often face the challenge of providing long-term daily care that induces a physical, psychosocial and financial burden (Borges et al., 2017; Hewitt et al.,
2003; Tan et al., 2018). The main objective of the present study is to compare and relate the two groups (patients and caregivers) considering the quality of life (QoL) and symptoms of psychological distress (anxiety and depression). The total sample consisted of 30 patient/caregiver dyads. The instruments
used were: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C-30) and its specific module for lung cancer (LC13); Caregiver Oncology Quality of Life Questionnaire (CarGOQoL) and Zarit Burden Interview Scale
(ZBI). The results suggest the influence of depressive symptomatology on patients’ QoL [F(1)=6.390; p<0.05] and depressive and anxious symptomatology and burden on caregivers’ QoL [F(3)=7.815; p<0.001]. A positive association was found between depressive symptomatology of patients and caregivers (r=0.458; p=0.011) and differences in anxious symptomatology were also observed, with a higher result in the patient’s group.Resumo: O cancro do pulmão é uma das especificidades de doença oncológica mais frequente em todo o Mundo. Estudos na área oncológica evidenciam que o aparecimento de uma patologia deste foro acarreta alterações não só na vida do paciente, designadamente problemas psicológicos, limitações funcionais
e uma saúde mais empobrecida devido às consequências clínicas dos tratamentos, como também na sua família, onde os cuidadores frequentemente enfrentam o desafio de fornecer cuidados diários a longo prazo que neles induzem sobrecarga física, psicossocial e financeira (Borges et al., 2017; Hewitt et al., 2003; Tan et al., 2018). O presente estudo tem assim como principal objetivo comparar e relacionar os dois grupos (pacientes e cuidadores) tendo em conta a qualidade de vida (QV) e sintomas de distress psicológico (ansiedade e depressão). A amostra foi constituída no total por 30 pares de paciente/cuidador. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar;
European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C-30) e o seu módulo específico para o cancro do pulmão (LC13); Questionário de Qualidade de Vida de Cuidadores de Doentes Oncológicos e Escala de Sobrecarga do Cuidador. Os resultados
sugerem a influência da sintomatologia depressiva na QV dos pacientes [F(1)=6.390; p<0.05] e da sintomatologia depressiva, ansiosa e sobrecarga na QV dos cuidadores [F(3)=7,815; p<0.001]. Foi ainda evidenciada uma associação positiva entre a sintomatologia depressiva dos pacientes e
cuidadores (r=0.458; p=0.011) e diferenças ao nível da sintomatologia ansiosa, com um com um resultado mais elevado no grupo dos pacientes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Illness perceptions of COVID-19 in Europe: Predictors, impacts and temporal evolution
Get PDFObjective: Illness perceptions (IP) are important predictors of emotional and behavioral
responses in many diseases. The current study aims to investigate the COVID-19-related
IP throughout Europe. The specific goals are to understand the temporal development,
identify predictors (within demographics and contact with COVID-19) and examine the
impacts of IP on perceived stress and preventive behaviors.
Methods: This was a time-series-cross-section study of 7,032 participants from
16 European countries using multilevel modeling from April to June 2020. IP were
measured with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Temporal patterns were
observed considering the date of participation and the date recoded to account the
epidemiological evolution of each country. The outcomes considered were perceived
stress and COVID-19 preventive behaviors.
Results: There were significant trends, over time, for several IP, suggesting a small
decrease in negativity in the perception of COVID-19 in the community. Age, gender,
and education level related to some, but not all, IP. Considering the self-regulation model,
perceptions consistently predicted general stress and were less consistently related to
Dias Neto et al. Illness Perceptions of COVID-19
preventive behaviors. Country showed no effect in the predictive model, suggesting that
national differences may have little relevance for IP, in this context.
Conclusion: The present study provides a comprehensive picture of COVID-19 IP in
Europe in an early stage of the pandemic. The results shed light on the process of IP
formation with implications for health-related outcomes and their evolution.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Memory awareness in patients with major depressive disorder
Get PDFSubjective Memory Complaints (SMC) along with cognitive deficits are frequently observed in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The relationship between SMC and objective memory performance in patients with MDD was evaluated, in comparison with patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer's Disease (MCI-AD) and healthy controls (HC).Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Emotional profiles regarding maths among primary school children – A two-year longitudinal study.
Get PDF. . . Learning maths is challenging for many primary school students, and teachers must
understand students’ learning and emotional processes specific to learning maths. The
current research, grounded in control-value theory, focused on achievement emotions
regarding maths. Primary school students (N = 71) were studied with the primary objective
of examining the longitudinal trajectories of achievement emotions of third graders
over two years. The Portuguese Achievement Emotions Questionnaire for Elementary
Students was administered biannually to assess enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom regarding
maths. The results indicate that enjoyment decreased and boredom increased over
time, revealing three emotional profiles: positive, negative and moderate. The positive
profile showed the highest scores in maths achievement. Profile membership was moderately
stable and became increasingly stable and structured. In examining the complexity
of students’ emotional profiles and processes, the importance of understanding them to
enhance educational support, development, and learning was highlighted. .Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
New Indomalayan Nebularmis species (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) provoke a discussion on its intrageneric diversity
Get PDFRecent years have brought undeniable progress in tardigrade taxonomy, and speciose complexes were detected in a number of phylogenetic lineages. The family Echiniscidae is one such lineage; it is one of the most diverse groups of limno-terrestrial tardigrades and can be characterized as having achieved great evolutionary success. In this contribution, using populations representing several species that originated from the Indomalayan region, we reconstructed phylogenetic affinities within Nebularmis, a recently erected genus within the Echiniscus lineage. Nebularmis auratus sp. nov. and Nebularmis burmensis sp. nov. are described from the Eastern Yoma Mountains and the Shan Hills (Myanmar), Nebularmis bhutanensis sp. nov. is described from the Eastern Himalayas (Bhutan), and Nebularmis indicus sp. nov. is described from the foothills of the Western Ghats (Goa, India). Moreover, males are reported in populations of the last two species. All known members of the genus can be phenotypically differentiated based on minute details of their dorsal sculpture and claws. Moreover, a very wide tropical distribution is demonstrated for Nebularmis cirinoi, recorded for the first time from islands of the Malay Archipelago. Furthemore, novel morphological, genetic, and geographic data allowed for the clarification of the generic diagnosis. Currently available data favor a scenario under which Nebularmis evolved in Southeast Asia and later dispersed to other regions of the globe.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Assessment conceptions and practices: perspectives of primary school teachers and students
Get PDFStudents’ and teachers’ conceptions of assessment are important because they guide
how teachers’ assessments are implemented in the classroom and determine how
students study. This multiple-case design study examined 1) how teachers and
students view assessment, 2) how teachers assess their students’ learning, and 3) the
similarities and disparities that occur when students’ and teachers’ conceptions and
teachers’ practices of assessment are compared. Data were obtained from five third grade
classes, involving a total of five teachers and 82 students. Data were gathered through
individual interviews with teachers and focus group discussions with students. Classroom
observations and documents produced by the students (worksheets and tests) during
maths lessons were also analyzed. The results of the content analysis of the data indicate
that teachers mostly conceive assessment as being for improvement, while their
assessment practices and students’ conceptions focus on school and student
accountability. The results obtained lead us to suggest that students’ conceptions of
assessment are constructed from their classroom assessment experiences. The study
also suggests that teachers adopt conceptions of assessment inconsistent with their
practices, that allow them to work within social and contextual constraints.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Diet and trophic position of two mackerel species in the archipelago of Madeira, Portugal
No full textThe Atlantic chub mackerel Scomber colias and the Blue jack mackerel Trachurus picturatus are two abundant species in the Macaronesia region which include the archipelago of Madeira, Portugal. Both are key species in the trophic web, being important prey for several local top predators, such as seabirds and marine mammals. However, little is known about their feeding ecology in oceanic environments. In this study, we describe the seasonal variation of the diet of S. colias and T. picturatus in the oceanic region of Madeira throughout a year. Visual inspection of stomach contents revealed that S. colias fed on a broader range of prey groups than T. picturatus, but for both species, zooplankton (particularly calanoid copepods) and fish were the most important food items. The diet of S. colias included a higher proportion of fish, namely Atlantic saury Scomberesox saurus and S. colias, than that of T. picturatus, that included mostly the Longspine snipefish Macroramphosus scolopax. Trachurus picturatus consumed a higher proportion of decapods and other copepods. Seasonal variation was found in the diet of both species, with zooplanktonic species being more important in colder months (February to April) for S. colias and during warm months (May to October) for T. picturatus. Their diet in other seasons were dominated by fish. Despite consuming similar prey, Carbon and Nitrogen stable isotope analysis of muscle of S. colias and T. picturatus showed little overlap in their diets, and T. picturatus showed higher δ15 N and a narrower isotopic niche.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Eficácia da técnica de recuperação de memória por categorias com adultos entre os quarenta e os sessenta anos
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA
- Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau
de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A Entrevista Cognitiva Melhorada (ECM) é uma das técnicas de entrevista mais conceituadas, que permite a recolha de informação em contexto forense. Uma nova técnica, proveniente da ECM, denominada Recuperação de Memória por Categorias (RMC), tem vindo a ser testada nos últimos anos e acrescido o seu valor, essencialmente, na qualidade do relato. No presente estudo, comparou-se a quantidade e a qualidade da informação obtida através do Relato Livre (RL) em comparação com a técnica de Recuperação de Memória por Categorias, em função da idade (mais e menos de quarenta anos) e da motivação intrínseca para a necessidade de cognição ou de fé na intuição. Foi ainda incluído um método de desinformação, para avaliar o efeito deste fenómeno nas várias condições. A amostra foi constituída por 38 participantes, 20 com menos de quarenta anos e 18 com idades iguais ou superior a quarenta anos, todos portugueses. Os resultados deste estudo permitiram confirmar que a técnica de RMC aumentou a qualidade da informação obtida e que os participantes com menos de quarenta anos relataram mais detalhes gerais e corretos sobre o evento em estudo. O efeito de desinformação não se revelou significativo. Os participantes com alto nível de fé na intuição não relataram mais detalhes do que os restantes participantes. E, finalmente, verificou-se a tendência para o relato de uma maior quantidade de detalhes acerca das pessoas e das ações presentes no vídeo.The Enhanced Cognitive Interview (ECI) is one of the most used interview techniques worldwide. A new technique has been tested in recent years, named Category Clustering Recall (CCR) and added to its value, essentially, in the quality of the report. The performance of the participants interviewed with this technique was compared to the performance of those interviewed with a free report technique. We compared two age groups, adults over and under forty years old, and the participants intrinsic motivations for the need of cognition or faith in intuition. We also included a misinformation task to assess the effect of this phenomenon on the various conditions. The sample was composed of 38 participants, 20 under 40 years old and 18 aged 40 or over, all Portuguese. Our results confirmed that the CCR increased the quality of the information provided. Our findings also revealed that participants under the age of forty provided more general and correct details. The misinformation effect was not significant. Participants with high levels of faith in intuition didn’t provide more details than the remaining participants. Lastly, we found a tendency to report more details about people and actions present in the video, than the other categories of information
Editorial: Microplastics in the marine environment: Sources, distribution, biological effects and socio-economic impacts
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