Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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The integration of librarians in health research teams: the researchers’ perspective
Get PDFIntroduction: Librarians have adopted various strategies that reflect their professional relevance, incorporating their specific knowledge into teaching and learning initiatives, but also into research. Close collaboration in health research projects, conducted by both teachers and health professionals, is a developing objective. The scientific literature has little explored the pattern of collaboration between the academic and the librarian on research topics other than the library or information science. Medical literature is the exception, where the librarian collaborates regularly in the preparation and publication of review articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. To a lesser extent, the health librarian has also collaborated on other, equally important tasks in the research process, such as preparing documentation for funding, writing manuscripts, or collecting and analyzing data. Aim of the study: To reflect on the perspective that researchers have of librarians’ competencies to integrate health research teams. Methods: The methodology used is based on two moments: the literature review and the interview about the researchers’ perspective. The interview is semi-structured, it took place together with a selective sample of researchers and its results were analyzed qualitatively. Results: The literature review listed a set of skills that researchers define as essential for the integration of librarians in health research teams: the elaboration of preliminary information searches for a better definition of the scope under study; the selection of databases according to contents, search terms and search platform/interface; the translation of the research question into main concepts; the development of the search string; the documentation of procedures and research results; the optimization of results and references management; the contribution for the writing of the final manuscript; the procedures related to the curatorship of research data; the scrutiny related to intellectual property; the documentation for publication; the publication guidance for journals, i.e., where to publish according to the research scope, funding criteria and journal visibility; the identification of predatory publishers; the dissemination of the published article; the identification of funding sources for research; and, finally, having a solid knowledge of the English language and communication skills. The results point to a collaboration culture and a valuable partnership between researchers and librarians when facing major health challenges. Conclusions: Librarians and researchers can ensure a collaborative culture in health research teams. With the skills inherent in their profession and the investment to gathering new knowledge, librarians can be a prerequisite for involvement and successful participation in the health research team.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Os grupos etários heterogéneos no jardim de infância
No full textRelatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada apresentado no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar,O tema do nosso trabalho centra-se na temática dos grupos etários heterogéneos em Pré-Escolar.
Com este trabalho pretendemos compreender: qual é o papel do educador numa sala etária heterogénea e de que forma gere o grupo e organiza as dinâmicas neste contexto; que tipo de interações se estabelecem entre as crianças e como é que as interações/relações podem influenciar a aprendizagem das crianças; também pretendemos perceber se a heterogeneidade etária beneficia a aprendizagem de todos ou prejudica alguma faixa etária e por fim saber a perspetiva dos pais sobre as salas etárias heterogéneas.
Neste trabalho utilizou-se um estudo de metodologia mista, onde recorremos a questionários para analisar a opinião dos pais, à análise documental, e aos dados recolhidos durante a Prática Supervisionada em Pré-Escolar como notas de campo e registo fotográfico.
Com este estudo pudemos concluir que a interação entre crianças de diferentes idades é benéfica no desenvolvimento global para as crianças mais novas e para as crianças mais velhas. O educador tem um papel muito importante na gestão do grupo, bem como na organização das dinâmicas de forma a garantir a aprendizagem e desenvolvimento de todas as crianças.The theme of our work focuses on multi-age grouping in Pre-School classrooms.
With this work we intend to understand the role of the kindergarten teachers in multi-age groups management , and in the organization and educational strategies used in this context; what kind of interactions are established between the children and how these interactions / relationships can influence the children’s learning; We also intend to observe if mixed-age grouping benefits everyone's learning or prejudice to some age group and finally to know about parent’s perspective about mixed-age classrooms.
This study was conducted with a mixed method approach, using questionnaires to analyse parents’ opinions, a documentary analysis, and also information, field notes and photographic records collected during a Pre-School Supervised Practice.
With this study it was possible to conclude that interactions between children of different ages have benefits to their development not only for younger children but also for the oldest. The educator has a very important role in the management of the group, as well in learning strategies organization in order to guarantee the learning and development of all the children
Effectiveness of grade retention: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Get PDFResearch on the effectiveness of grade retention has a long history, yet, has seen an upsurge
during the last decade. In this study, we review 84 recent, methodologically sound studies estimating
effects of retention in grades K-12 on repeaters’ and nonrepeaters’ development, in a
variety of countries across the world, disentangling grade and age comparison results. Based on
vote counting analysis and three-level metaregression analysis we find grade retention to have an
average zero effect, indicating that repeaters and non-repeaters seem to show a similar development,
on average. At the same time, we find grade retention effects to differ according to some
specific effect and study characteristics. More specifically, grade retention seems less effective in
countries applying a mixture of grade retention and tracking to tackle student heterogeneity, and
when repeaters are compared with non-repeaters of the same age. Conversely, grade retention
seems more effective in countries using strategies such as ability grouping, setting, and streaming
to deal with student heterogeneity. Positive effects also seem to arise when studying students’
psychosocial functioning, when investigating short-run effects, when comparing repeaters with
their younger non-retained grade-mates, and when evaluating effects via a regression discontinuity
method.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The meaning making model applied to community-dwelling adults with chronic pain
Get PDFPurpose: Chronic pain is a multidimensional experience that is influenced by biological,
psychological, social, and spiritual factors. The Meaning Making Model is a recent cognitive
behavioral model that has been developed to understand how psychosocial factors influence
adjustment to stressful events, such as having a chronic illness. This qualitative study aims to
understand the potential utility of this model for understanding the role of meaning making in
adjustment to chronic pain.
Materials and Methods: Eighteen community-dwelling adults with chronic low back pain
or chronic pain due to osteoarthritis participated in four focus groups. Participants were
asked open-ended questions about their pain experience, pain-related beliefs, meaning of
pain, and the perceived association between pain and their meaning in life and sense of
purpose. Data were submitted to thematic analysis and the identified themes were considered
in light of the Meaning Making Model.
Results: Three overarching themes emerged, each of which included two themes. The first
overarching theme – “appraised meaning of pain” – included the themes “causal attributions”
and “primary appraisals.” The second – “meaning making processes” – included the themes
“assimilation” and “accommodation.” The third – “meanings made” – included the themes
“pain as an opportunity” and “acceptance.”
Conclusion: The key themes that emerged as individuals with chronic pain discussed pain
and its impact are consistent with those that would be hypothesized as important from the
Meaning Making Model, providing preliminary support for the utility of this model in the
context of chronic pain. People with chronic pain appear to appraise pain in terms of its
cause, controllability, threat, loss, or challenge. When a discrepancy between the appraised
meaning of pain and one’s global meaning emerged, participants engaged in meaning making
processes (accommodation and assimilation), resulting in meanings made, such as
a reappraised meaning of pain, perceptions of growth, and acceptance.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Does the linguistic expectancy bias extend to a second language?
Get PDFThe linguistic expectancy bias (LEB) reflects the tendency to describe expectancyconsistent
behavior more abstractly than expectancy-inconsistent. The current
studies replicate the LEB in Portuguese and examine it in a second language
(English). Earlier studies found differences in processing a first language (L1) and
a second language (L2) shaping affective and cognitive processes. We did not
expect these differences to shape the LEB because controlled lexical decisions
(e.g., use of verbs and adjectives) are unlikely, even when using L2. Participants
wrote stereotypically male or female behavioral descriptions for male and female
targets. A new group of participants read those descriptions and was asked about
their causes. Expectancy-consistent behavior was described more abstractly and
shaped more dispositional inferences in L1 and L2. Aside from replicating the
LEB in a different language, these studies indicate that structural features of language
preserve a linguistic bias with implications for social perception even
when using a second language.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Patterns of psychological responses among the public during the early phase of COVID-19: A cross-regional analysis
Get PDFThis study aimed to compare the mediation of psychological flexibility, prosociality and
coping in the impacts of illness perceptions toward COVID-19 on mental health among seven regions.
Convenience sampled online survey was conducted between April and June 2020 from 9130
citizens in 21 countries. Illness perceptions toward COVID-19, psychological flexibility, prosociality,
coping and mental health, socio-demographics, lockdown-related variables and COVID-19 status
were assessed. Results showed that psychological flexibility was the only significant mediator in the
relationship between illness perceptions toward COVID-19 and mental health across all regions (all
ps = 0.001–0.021). Seeking social support was the significant mediator across subgroups (all ps range
= <0.001–0.005) except from the Hong Kong sample (p = 0.06) and the North and South American
sample (p = 0.53). No mediation was found for problem-solving (except from the Northern European
sample, p = 0.009). Prosociality was the significant mediator in the Hong Kong sample (p =0.016) and
the Eastern European sample (p = 0.008). These findings indicate that fostering psychological flexibility
may help to mitigate the adverse mental impacts of COVID-19 across regions. Roles of seeking
social support, problem-solving and prosociality vary across regions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Ocorrência e distribuição espacial de cetáceos no Parque Marinho Professor Luiz Saldanha (PMPLS) e na Reserva Natural Das Berlengas (RNB) : contributo da ciência cidadã no estudo dos mamíferos marinhos
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Biologia Marinha e ConservaçãoOs cetáceos, como predadores de topo, são elementos chave do meio marinho e devem ser priorizados em estratégias de conservação marinha. Os projetos de ciência cidadã contam com a participação de qualquer cidadão na recolha de dados científicos, favorecendo assim o avanço da ciência. O presente estudo disponibiliza informação, com base em fontes de informação não-convencionais (ciência cidadã e inquéritos dirigidos), relativa à abundância e distribuição horizontal de cetáceos e avalia o contributo da ciência cidadã para o estudo da ocorrência e distribuição espacial de cetáceos no Parque Marinho Professor Luiz Saldanha (PMPLS) e na Reserva Natural das Berlengas (RNB), em Portugal. O golfinho-comum e o golfinho-roaz foram as espécies mais reportadas via ciência cidadã na plataforma BioDiversity4All (Projeto CETASEE) e mencionadas num maior número de inquéritos, nas AMPs em estudo e zonas adjacentes. Algumas espécies, como o grampo e a orca também foram reportados na plataforma nas áreas de estudo. A ciência cidadã poderá tornar-se uma fonte de recolha de dados sistemáticos sobre a ocorrência e distribuição espaciotemporal de cetáceos e, nesse sentido, deve integrar estudos científicos e ser tida em consideração em medidas de conservação e gestão aplicadas às AMPs. Outras metodologias, como a utilização de DNA ambiental e de censos visuais e a criação de programas de monitorização acústica passiva e de monitorização de populações são também apontadas para preencher a lacuna de conhecimento científico relativa à ocorrência e distribuição de cetáceos em Portugal.Cetaceans, as top predators, are key elements of the marine environment and should be prioritized in marine conservation strategies. Citizen science projects count on the participation of any citizen in the collection of scientific data, thus favoring the advancement of science. The present study provides information, based on non-conventional sources of information (citizen science and targeted surveys), regarding the abundance and horizontal distribution of cetaceans and assesses the contribution of citizen science to the study of the occurrence and spatial distribution of cetaceans in the Professor Luiz Saldanha Marine Park (PMPLS) and in the Berlengas Nature Reserve (RNB), in Portugal. The common dolphin and bottlenose dolphin were the most reported species via citizen science on the BioDiversity4All platform (CETASEE Project) and mentioned in a greater number of surveys, in the AMPs under study and adjacent areas. Some species, such as the clamp and the orca, were also reported on the platform in the studied areas. Citizen science can become a source of systematic data collection on the occurrence and spatiotemporal distribution of cetaceans and, in this sense, it must integrate scientific studies and be taken into account in conservation and management measures applied to AMPs. Other methodologies, such as the use of environmental DNA and visual censuses and the creation of passive acoustic monitoring and population monitoring programs are also aimed at filling the scientific knowledge gap regarding the occurrence and distribution of cetaceans in Portugal
Técnicas de medição de elasmobrânquios: uma revisão com vista à sua aplicação em cativeiro
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Biologia Marinha e Conservação.A classe Chondrichthyes apresenta diversas espécies cujas características da história de vida faz com que os indivíduos sejam bastante suscetíveis à sobre-exploração. Atualmente, diversos representantes deste grupo estão presentes em cativeiro. O estudo de indivíduos nestes locais é extremamente importânte, pois contribui para o aumento de conhecimentos destes espécimes, possibilitando assim o seu mantimento em cativeiro, mas, também, auxilia a sua conservação e preservação no habitat natural.
A presente revisão visa compreender e analisar todas as técnicas existentes que atualmente permitem a recolha de dados zoométricos em elasmobrânquios e, posteriormente, prever qual a que melhor se adapta a cativeiro. Para tal, foram analisados 46 artigos cujas metodologias correspondessem às delimitações implementadas. Após a análise foi possível encontrar cinco técnicas de medição; fotogrametria utilizando a distância até ao indivíduo, fotogrametria com barra, fotogrametria com lasers, stereo-DOV e stereo-BRUV. Observou-se que as técnicas utilizadas atualmente, são ótimas alternativas a métodos que envolvam a captura ou a morte dos indivíduos, pois são práticas simples de utilizar, pouco invasivas e bastante precisas. Relativamente à adaptação em cativeiro, referiu-se que o stereo-DOV era a técnica que melhor se apropriava a este propósito. Escolheu-se esta, atendendo a que é fácil de manobrar nestes locais, permite a amostragem de espécies bentónicas e pelágicas e, se bem realizada, apresenta um erro bastante reduzido.The Chondrichthyes class has several species whose life history characteristics make the individuals very susceptible to overexploitation. Currently, several representatives of this group are present in captivity. The study of individuals in these places is extremely important, as it contributes to increase the knowledge of these specimens, therefore enabling them to be kept in captivity, but it also helps their conservation and preservation in the natural habitat.
The present review aims to understand and analyse all existing techniques that currently allow the collection of zoometric data in elasmobranchs and, later, to predict which one is the best one to adapt in captivity. To this end, 46 articles were analysed whose methodologies corresponded to the implemented delimitations. After the analysis it was possible to find five measurement techniques; photogrammetry using the distance to the individual, photogrammetry with bar, photogrammetry with lasers, stereo-DOV and stereo-BRUV. It was observed that the techniques currently used are great alternatives to methods that involve the capture or death of individuals, as they are practical, simple to use, little invasive and very accurate. Regarding the adaptation in captivity, it was chosen that the stereo-DOV was the technique that is best suited for this purpose. This one was chosen because it is easy to maneuver in these places, it allows the sampling of benthic and pelagic species and, if well done, it presents a very small manger error
Historical biogeography of the Iberian Peninsula: multilocus phylogeny and ancestral area reconstruction for the freshwater fish genus Squalius (Actinopterygii, Leuciscidae)
No full textThe Iberian Peninsula is one of the most ancient geological areas in Europe. Its complex
orography is a consequence of several geological episodes related with two orogenic
episodes that occurred from Late Devonian (Variscan orogeny) to the Cenozoic
(Alpine orogeny). Unraveling the evolutionary history of strict freshwater fauna, such
as leuciscid fishes, may contribute to our understanding of the paleogeographic history
of a region and its configuration along time. Within the Iberian freshwater fish
fauna, the genus Squalius is one of the oldest and most diversified leuciscids. Here, we
used phylogenetic, phylogeographic, and ancestral area reconstruction approaches
to infer relationships among Iberian drainages and the biogeographic history of these
Squalius species, particularly of two of the most widely distributed species, S. carolitertii
and S. pyrenaicus. Our results confirmed, in agreement with previous studies, an
underestimation of the real diversity of Squalius in the Iberian Peninsula and identified
divergent evolutionary lineages, highlighting the reticulate evolutionary history of the
Iberian Squalius species. The ancestral reconstruction analyses indicated that several
vicariance and dispersal processes occurred among different Squalius lineages, linked
to the paleogeographic configuration of the Iberian Peninsula during the Cenozoic
period.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Caregivers’ perceived emotional and feeding responsiveness toward preschool children: Associations and paths of influence
Get PDFAlthough there is a large body of research connecting emotion to eating behaviors, little is
known about the role of caregivers’ responses to children’s emotions in the context of child feeding.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between caregivers’ emotional responsiveness
and feeding responsiveness. The mothers of 137 children between 2 and 6 years of age reported on
their responses to children’s negative emotions using the Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions
Scale and on their feeding practices using the Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire. The
results showed that mothers’ supportive emotion responses (e.g., problem-focused, emotion-focused,
and expressive encouragement reactions) tend to be positively associated with responsive feeding
practices (e.g., encouraging, modelling, and teaching healthy food-related behaviors). Instead,
mothers’ unsupportive responses (e.g., distress, punitive and minimization reactions) tend to be
positively associated with nonresponsive feeding practices (e.g., food as reward or to regulate
emotions, and pressure to eat) and negatively associated with responsive feeding practices. Our
results suggest that emotional and feeding responsiveness may be intertwined and that differences
in parent’s emotional responsiveness may translate into differences in their feeding styles, setting the
stage for parents’ use of positive vs. negative feeding practices.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio