Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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The effect of a concept mapping Intervention on shared cognition and adaptive team performance over time
Get PDFResearch has demonstrated the value of team adaptation for organizational
teams. However, empirical work on interventions that teams can take to
increase adaptive team performance is scarce. In response, this study proposes
a concept mapping intervention as a way to increase teams’ ability to
adapt following a task change. Particularly, this study examines the effect of
a concept mapping intervention on team transition adaptation (the drop in
performance after a change) and reacquisition adaptation (the slope of
performance after the change) via its effect on task mental models and
transactive memory systems. We conducted a longitudinal experimental
study of 44 three-person teams working on an emergency management
simulation. Findings suggest that the concept mapping intervention promotes reacquisition adaptation, task mental models, and transactive memory systems.
Results also suggest that task mental models mediate the effect of the
concept mapping intervention on reacquisition adaptation. A post hoc analysis
suggests that the concept mapping intervention is only effective if it leads to
high task mental model accuracy. Our study presents concept mapping
as a practical intervention to promote shared cognition and reacquisition
adaptation.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Effect of different types of regular exercise on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity: Systematic review and meta‐analyses
No full textThis systematic review examined the effect of exercise training interventions on physical fitness in adults with overweight or obesity and compared the effectiveness of different types of exercise training. Four electronic databases were searched. Articles were included if they described randomized controlled trials of exercise training interventions and their effect on maximal oxygen consumption or muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity. Changes in outcome parameters were analyzed using random effects meta-analyses for different training types (aerobic, resistance, combined aerobic plus resistance, and high-intensity interval training). Eighty-eight articles satisfied the inclusion criteria of which 66 (3964 participants) could be included in the meta-analyses. All training types increased VO2max (mean difference 3.82 ml/min/kg (95% CI 3.17, 4.48), P < 0.00001; I2 = 48%). In direct comparisons, resistance training was less effective in improving VO2max than aerobic training, HIIT was slightly more effective than aerobic training, and no difference between aerobic and combined aerobic plus resistance training was found. For muscle strength benefits, incorporation of resistance exercise in the training program is indicated. Exercise training increases VO2max and muscle strength in adults with overweight or obesity. Differences between training types should be weighed with other needs and preferences when health professionals advise on exercise training to improve physical fitness.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Programas de intervenção de escrita inventada : comparando instruções explícitas e implícitas
Get PDFAbstract: This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two invented spelling intervention programs, one with explicit instruction of graph-phonetics matches and another based on questioning and reflection on the graph-phonetic correspondences (implicit instructions). Ninety pre-school children, whose invented spellings use conventional letters unconventionally to represent sounds, were allocated to three groups, two experimental and one control. All groups were equivalent in age, intelligence, letter knowledge, and phonological awareness. We manipulated the type of instructions (implicit vs. explicit) between the pre- and post-tests in two experimental groups where children participated in an intervention programme of invented spelling. Children who participated in the implicit intervention programme showed a significant improvement in the number of correct letters mobilized in their spelling and phonemic awareness compared with children of control and explicit instruction group. Children from explicit instruction group showed significant more improvements than the children from the control group. These results suggest that questioning and reflection applied to invented spelling programmes seems to enhance a more significant knowledge about the relations between the oral and written code.Resumo: Este estudo tem como objetivo comparar a eficácia de dois programas de intervenção de escrita inventada, um com instrução explícita de correspondências grafo-fonéticas e outro baseado no questionamento e reflexão sobre as correspondências grafo-fonéticas (designadas como instruções implícitas). Noventa crianças em idade pré-escolar, cujas escritas inventadas não mobilizavam letras convencionais para representar os sons, foram distribuídas por três grupos, dois experimentais e um de controlo. Todos os grupos eram equivalentes na idade, inteligência, conhecimento de letras e consciência fonológica. Manipulámos o tipo de instruções (implícitas vs. explícitas) entre os pré e pós-testes nos dois grupos experimentais onde as crianças participaram num programa de intervenção de escrita inventada. As crianças que participaram no programa de intervenção implícita mostraram uma melhoria significativa no número de letras mobilizadas corretamente nas suas produções escritas e na consciência fonémica em comparação com as crianças dos grupos de controlo e com instrução explícita. As crianças do grupo de instrução explícita mostraram melhorias significativas relativamente às crianças do grupo de controlo. Estes resultados sugerem que o questionamento e a reflexão aplicados aos programas de escrita inventada parecem potenciar um conhecimento mais significativo sobre as relações entre o código oral e o escrito.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceções dos investigadores face ao ecossistema da Ciência Aberta
Get PDFResumen Estudio preliminar sobre el impacto de la Ciencia
Abierta en todo el ciclo científico, desde el inicio de la
investigación hasta su publicación, buscando comprender, describir y explicar las percepciones de un
grupo de investigadores sobre el ecosistema de la
Ciencia Abierta. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa,
mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados
identifican las dudas de los investigadores sobre el
cumplimiento de las premisas de la ciencia abierta. La
sistematización de sus ideas permite cuestionar si estarán preparados para estas nuevas experiencias en
el campo de la ciencia y si tendrán las habilidades necesarias para garantizar su autonomía en la identificación de dónde publicar, cómo publicar, cómo gestionar
los datos de investigación, cómo difundir los resultados
de la investigación, cómo y por qué elegir los canales
formales e informales de la ciencia, cómo utilizar las
tecnologías en beneficio de su visibilidad y, finalmente,
cómo asegurar la continuidad de su producción científica. El nuevo lenguaje utilizado también plantea muchas dificultades para los investigadores. Por ello, la
creación de programas de formación para investigadores es un objetivo estratégico en los procesos de implementación de este paradigma de la ciencia.ABSTRACT: Preliminary study on the impact of Open Science in the
scientific cycle, from the beginning of the research to
its publication, seeking to know, describe and explain
the perceptions of a group of researchers regarding the
Open Science ecosystem. A qualitative methodology
was used, through a semi-structured interview. The results identify the researchers' doubts regarding the fulfilment of Open Science's premises. The systematization of their ideas allows us to question if they are prepared for these new experiences in the field of science
and if they have the skills to ensure their autonomy to
identify where to publish, how to publish, how to manage scientific data, how to disseminate research results, how and why to choose formal and informal
channels of science, how to use technologies for the
benefit of their visibility and, finally, how to ensure the
perennity of their scientific production. Also, the new
language used in Open Science raises many difficulties for researchers. Creating training programs for researchers is a strategic goal for the implementation
process of this science paradigm.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Estigmatização na experiência com doença mental em refugiados e imigrantes: Um estudo com vinhetas sobre esquizofrenia e depressão
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia
Clínica.Problema. A literatura tem uma lacuna no que toca à abordagem da estigmatização da
saúde mental das minorias. Objetivo. Avaliar se há diferenças na estigmatização das
minorias (refugiados e imigrantes) com doença mental (esquizofrenia e depressão major)
tendo como comparação um caso português. Método. 223 participantes foram expostos a
duas histórias com dois quadros sintomatológicos diferentes e responderam a um
questionário adaptado de um estudo de Angermeyer et al. (2013) que avalia as causas da
perturbação, o tipo de ajuda e perguntas que indicam estigma. Resultados. Não foram
encontradas diferenças significativas ao nível das minorias nem quando comparadas com
o caso português. Foram, no entanto, encontradas diferenças significativas quanto à
estigmatização em relação ao género e ao grupo etário. Quando comparadas as patologias
entre si foram encontradas diferenças significativas ao nível do tipo de causa para cada
uma das perturbações e qual o tipo de ajuda adequada. Conclusão. As características
sociodemográficas continuam a ser um preditor que influencia o estigma. A esquizofrenia
é reconhecida mais facilmente como uma perturbação mental do que a depressão.Problem. There is a literature gap when it comes to addressing the stigmatization of the
mental health of minorities (refugees and immigrants). Goal. To assess whether there are
differences in the stigmatization of minorities with mental illness (schizophrenia and
major depression), having a Portuguese case for comparison. Method. 223 participants
were exposed to two stories with two different symptomatological pictures and answered
a questionnaire adapted from a study by Angermeyer et al. (2013) which assesses the
causes of the disorder, the type of help and questions that indicate stigma. Results. No
significant differences were found regarding the minorities or when comparing to the
Portuguese case. However, significant differences were found regarding stigmatization
in relation to gender and age group. It was not possible to confirm the existence of stigma
as the average values are below what would be necessary to conclude that the stigma
exists. When comparing the pathologies with each other, significant differences were
found in terms of the type of cause of each disorder and the type of appropriate
help. Conclusion. Sociodemographic characteristics continue to be a predictor that
influences stigmatization. Schizophrenia is more easily recognized as a mental disorder
than depression
Avoid the dark side - A relação entre a tríade negra da personalidade e a satisfação laboral
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para a obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Social e das OrganizaçõesO principal objetivo desta dissertação prende-se com o estudo da relação entre a presença
de traços Dark Triad (i.e., maquiavelismo, narcisismo e psicopatia) em chefias e
colaboradores, e a satisfação laboral dos colaboradores. Esta dissertação pretende ainda
testar o papel moderador destes mesmos traços nos colaboradores, na relação descrita.
Neste estudo, participaram 312 profissionais de socorro e de saúde. Foi elaborado, e
aplicado, um questionário online constituído pelas versões portuguesas do Dirty Dozen
(DD) e do Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire – versão reduzida (MSQ).
Os resultados demonstraram que a presença de traços da Dark Triad nas chefias influencia
negativamente a satisfação com o trabalho dos colaboradores. Verificou-se também que
esta relação é moderada pela presença reduzida de traços psicopatas em colaboradores.
Contudo, não foi encontrado qualquer tipo de efeito de moderação em colaboradores com
traços maquiavélicos, traços narcísicos, bem como em colaboradores cuja presença de
traços psicopatas é elevada.ABSTRACT: The main goal of this study was to provide further information on the study of the
relationship between leaders’ dark triad traits (i.e., machiavellianism, narcissism, and
psychopathy) and their subordinates’ job satisfaction, as well as the moderating role of
the subordinates’ dark triad traits in this relationship. A total of 312 health and rescue
professionals participated in this study. These had to answer an online questionnaire that
was made up with the portuguese versions of the Dirty Dozen (DD) and the Minnesota
Satisfaction Questionnaire – Short Form (MSQ). The results showed that leaders with
dark triad traits influence, in a negative way, their subordinates’ job satisfaction.
Additionally, the results showed that subordinates with low levels of psychopathic traits
have a moderating role in the relationship mentioned previously. This moderating effect
does not happen if the subordinates have either machiavellian or narcissistic traits, or high
levels of psychopathic traits
Climatic alterations influence bacterial growth, biofilm production and antimicrobial resistance profiles in aeromonas spp.
Get PDFClimate change is expected to create environmental disruptions that will impact a wide
array of biota. Projections for freshwater ecosystems include severe alterations with gradients across
geographical areas. Life traits in bacteria are modulated by environmental parameters, but there is
still uncertainty regarding bacterial responses to changes caused by climatic alterations. In this study,
we used a river water microcosm model to evaluate how Aeromonas spp., an important pathogenic
and zoonotic genus ubiquitary in aquatic ecosystems, responds to environmental variations of temperature
and pH as expected by future projections. Namely, we evaluated bacterial growth, biofilm
production and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Aeromonas species in pure and mixed cultures.
Biofilm production was significantly influenced by temperature and culture, while temperature and
pH affected bacterial growth. Reversion of antimicrobial susceptibility status occurred in the majority
of strains and tested antimicrobial compounds, with several combinations of temperature and pH
contributing to this effect. Current results highlight the consequences that bacterial genus such as
Aeromonas will experience with climatic alterations, specifically how their proliferation and virulence
and phenotypic resistance expression will be modulated. Such information is fundamental to predict
and prevent future outbreaks and deleterious effects that these bacterial species might have in human
and animal populations.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Early attachment to mothers and fathers: Contributions to preschoolers' emotional regulation
Get PDFChildren acquire and develop emotional regulatory skills in the context of parent-child
attachment relationships, nonetheless empirical studies have focused mainly on mother
and less information is available regarding the role of both parent-child attachment
relationships. Furthermore, despite its importance, there is no information regarding
preschool years. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the potential influences of
both mother-child and father-child attachments on preschooler’s later emotion regulation
observed in the peer group. Fifty-three Portuguese nuclear families (mother, father and
focal child) participated in the study; 47% of the children were boys and 53% were girls.
Attachment Security was assessed at home using the Attachment Behavior Q-set when
children were 3 years of age, and emotion regulation was observed in the preschool
classrooms attended by the children at age 5, using the California child Q-sort to derive
an Emotion Regulation Q-Scale. Results showed that the combined influence of both
parent-child attachment security predicted better emotion regulation results, than did
the specific contributions of each parent per se. Findings are consistent with integrative
approaches that highlight the value of including both mother- and father-child attachment
relationships, as well as their combined effect, when studying emotion regulation.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
El papel transformador de los preprints en la aceleración de la comunicación científica
No full text[ES]Los preprints son versiones de trabajos de investigación disponibles antes de su publicación formal. El término lleva utilizándose dese hace décadas. Se trata de informes preliminares de investigación, que no han sido objeto de escrutinio editorial y de revisión por pares. El intercambio de preprints entre los investigadores en el área científica fue una política común anterior a la web, sobre todo en el ámbito científico-técnico. En ciertas disciplinas altamente dinámicas, como es la física, donde ya preexistía un sistema de comunicación científica, en el que los preprints eran un elemento fundamental, ya se ha operado el cambio, siendo éste el principal medio para la comunicación de los resultados de investigación. El valor fundamental de los preprints es que permiten a los científicos acceder a los hallazgos de vanguardia más rápidamente que cuando los autores envían sus hallazgos directamente a las revistas tradicionales, que a menudo tardan meses en completar las revisiones. La principal crítica al modelo es que frente a la ventaja que implica la velocidad de publicación, es que generan dudas en cuanto a su fiabilidad y credibilidad. En el documento se analiza la capacidad de citación y el valor de los preprints como elementos transformadores y aceleradores de la comunicación científica.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Entre o online e o offline : a relação entre o cyberstalking e a ansiedade, a depressão, o stress e os comportamentos autolesivos e a ideação suicida
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para a obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A literatura refere que o Cyberstalking é um fenómeno que prevalece mais nas mulheres e que origina diversas consequências psicológicas nas vítimas (Stevens et al., 2020). Contudo, os estudos sobre a relação entre o Cyberstalking e os Comportamentos Autolesivos são escassos. Desta forma, este estudo tem como objetivos analisar se existem diferenças entre o sexo e a faixa etária nas vítimas de Cyberstalking, verificar se a Ansiedade, a Depressão, o Stress, os Comportamentos Autolesivos e a Ideação Suicida estão correlacionadas com o Cyberstalking e, por fim, compreender se existem diferenças na frequência dos Comportamentos Autolesivos, consoante o facto de se ser ou não vítima de Cyberstalking. A amostra é constituída por 309 participantes, com idades entre os 18 e os 30 anos, e utilizou-se um Questionário Sociodemográfico, a Escala de Avaliação de Cyberstalking, a Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress, o Inventário de Comportamentos Autolesivos e o Questionário de Ideação Suicida. Os resultados demonstraram que, relativamente às vítimas de Cyberstalking, existem efeitos principais em relação ao sexo, no entanto, não existem na faixa etária. Verificou-se também uma correlação entre o Cyberstalking, a Ansiedade, a Depressão, o Stress, os Comportamentos Autolesivos e a Ideação Suicida. Além disso, existem diferenças na frequência de Comportamentos Autolesivos entre vítimas e não vítimas deste fenómeno. Para estudos futuros, sugere-se a realização de estudos que incluam mais faixas etárias e de estudos que explorem de forma mais aprofundada o Cyberstalking e os Comportamentos Autolesivos.Literature refers that Cyberstalking is a phenomenon that is more prevalent in women and that it causes various psychological consequences for victims (Stevens et al., 2020). However, studies on the relationship between Cyberstalking and Self-Harm Behaviours are scarce. This study aims to analyze if there are differences between sex and age in victims of Cyberstalking, to verify if Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Self-Harm Behaviours and Suicidal Ideation are correlated with Cyberstalking and understand if there are differences in the frequency of Self-Harm Behavior, depending on if it’s or not one is a victim of Cyberstalking. The sample consists of 309 participants, aged between 18 and 30 years, and were used a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Cyber Obsessional Pursuit, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Inventory of Deliberate Self-Harm Behaviours and Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. The results showed that, regarding cyberstalking victims, there are main effects in relation to sex, however, they do not exist in the age group. There was also a correlation between Cyberstalking, Anxiety, Depression, Stress, Self-Harm Behaviours and Suicidal Ideation. Furthermore, there are differences in the frequency of Self-Harm Behaviours between victims and non-victims of this phenomenon. For future studies, it is suggested studies that include more age groups and studies that explore Cyberstalking and Self-Harm Behaviours in more depth