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Adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of the regulation of eating behavior scale (REBSp)
Get PDFThe aim of present study was two-fold: i) to translate and adapt the Regulation of Eating Behavior Scale to Portuguese (REBSp), and ii) to analyze its psychometrics properties (factorial validity with gender invariance analyses, reliability and construct validity). The study sample was composed by 471 Portuguese participants (68.4% females) with a mean age of 30.5 years (SD = 11.2). Structural equation modeling was used to verify the psychometric properties of the scale using SPSS v. 23.0 and AMOS 24.0 software. The analysis showed that the Portuguese 24-item scale presented a good fit, achieving good reliability and convergent validity. Some issues arose with discriminant validity within autonomous and controlled regulations, discussed in light of the simplex pattern expected by self-determination theory literature. Additionally, the scale presented concurrent validity and evidence of gender measurement invariance. Latent mean analysis between genders showed that women presented higher means for intrinsic motivation and integrated regulation when compared to men. In conclusion, analyses suggest that the 24-item Portuguese version of REBS can be used safely to assess the eating regulation in both genders.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Bold, mean and disinhibited: getting specific about the mediating role of self-control and antisocial outcomes in youth
No full textSelf-control and psychopathy are correlated with antisocial behaviors among diverse
samples, and a spate of recent studies examined their direct associations with criminal
outcomes. However, research has largely overlooked mediation effects between
psychopathy, self-control and deviant outcomes. The current study examined self-control
mediation effects related to the triarchic psychopathy construct and juvenile delinquency,
crime seriousness, conduct disorder (CD), and aggression outcomes. The sample consisted
of N ¼ 567 (M ¼ 15.91 years, SD ¼ 0.99, range ¼ 14–18 years) southern-European youth
from Portugal. Study design was cross-sectional, quantitative and non-experimental.
Mediation analysis using path analysis procedures indicated that low self-control mediates
the relation between the Boldness, Disinhibition and Meanness factors of the triarchic
psychopathy construct and the delinquency, crime seriousness, CD and aggression
outcomes. Findings suggest that self-control is a mediator of triarchic psychopathic features
and diverse externalizing behavior outcomes, which adds specificity to their
interrelationship as general predictors of antisocial behavior.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Use of oral health impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) in different contexts. What Is being measured?
Get PDFThe Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) has been used to assess the impact that oral
health problems can have on an individual’s life. Different theoretical models were proposed to
evaluate the results. The aims of this study were to evaluate the fit of different factorial models of the
OHIP-14 to non-dental patients (NDP) and dental patients (DP) samples from Brazil and Finland and
to estimate the differential functioning of the items in the OHIP-14 between the samples. Two studies
were conducted, one in Brazil and the other in Finland, composed of five samples (Brazil—Sample
1 (S1): DP, n = 434, age: 25.3 [SD = 6.3] years; S2: NDP, n = 1486, age: 24.7 [SD = 5.6] years; S3: DP,
n = 439, age: 29.0 [SD = 6.7] years; Finland—S4: DP, n = 482, age: 26.3 [SD = 5.4] years; S5: NDP,
n =·2425, age: 26.7 [DP = 5.5] years). The fit of the OHIP-14 models to the data was estimated using a
confirmatory strategy (validity based on the internal structure). Differential item functioning (DIF)
between samples was estimated. For NDP from both countries, the response pattern severely violated
the normality assumption in six items of the OHIP-14, indicating that the instrument does not fit for
these samples. For DP, the model with the best fit was unifactorial, which deals with the estimation
of the general impact of oral health on an individual’s life, without addressing specific dimensions.
Configural invariance was refuted between samples. DIF indicated that the characteristic of the
sample (NDP and DP) in both countries interfered in the response given to the items, with the
response level being more adequate for the latent PD trait. The validity of data related to the impact
of oral health problems on an individual’s life was confirmed through a unifactorial model. OHIP-14
works properly in DP samples and was limited in NDP samples, being also influenced by cultural
context and age.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Impacto da pandemia COVID-19 nas intenções de vacinação
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no
ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaObjetivo: Estudar se em Portugal a vivência da atual pandemia COVID-19, as dúvidas
resultantes dessa vivência e do aparecimento das novas vacinas COVID-19, conduziram a um
decréscimo na intenção dos indivíduos se vacinarem; avaliar qual o efeito de variáveis como a
Literacia em Saúde, Perceção da Doença (COVID-19) e Perceção do Risco nas intenções de
vacinação contra a COVID-19 segundo o modelo de correlação de Pearson e pelo modelo de
mediação tendo como variáveis mediadoras a Perceção da Doença e a Perceção do Risco.
Método: Foram incluídos na análise 454 participantes adultos residentes em Portugal. Para
recolha de dados, os instrumentos utilizados foram o Newest Vital Sign (NVS) para medir a
Literacia em Saúde, The Brief IPQ, um questionário para medir a Perceção do Risco percebida
e comparada e um outro para medir Intenção de Vacinação com o último item dedicado às
dúvidas sobre a vacinação (COVID-19).
Resultados: Observou-se que não existe correlação entre as variáveis Literacia em Saúde,
Perceção da Doença e Perceção do Risco e a Intenção de Vacinação. Não se confirmou o
modelo de Mediação com as variáveis mediadoras Perceção da Doença e Perceção do Risco.
Os diferentes tipos de dúvidas quanto à vacinação (COVID-19) tiveram um impacto negativo
na Intenção de Vacinação.
Conclusões: As preocupações com a segurança da vacina devem ser abordadas antes e durante
a implementação do programa de vacinaçãoObjective: To study if in Portugal, the experience of the pandemic COVID-19, the doubts
resulting from it and the appearance of new vaccines for COVID-19, lead to a decrease in
people’s intention to be vaccinated; to evaluate the effect of variables such as Health Literacy,
Illness Perception (Covid-19) and Risk Perception on the intention of vaccination, through
Pearson correlation model and the mediation model, which have as mediating variables the
Illness Perception and the Risk Perception.
Methods: There were included in the analysis 454 adult participants living in Portugal. For the
data collection, the instruments used were the Newest Vital Sign (NVS), to measure the Health
Literacy, The Brief IPQ, a questionnaire to measure the perceived and compared risk perception
and another one for the vaccination intention as the last item was dedicated to doubts regarding
the vaccine (COVID-19).
Results: It was observed that there isn't any correlation between the variables Health Literacy,
Illness Perception and Risk Perception and the Intention of Vaccination. It also wasn't
confirmed the mediation model with the Illness Perception and the Risk Perception. The
different types of doubts regarding the vaccine (COVID-19) had a negative impact in the
intention to be vaccinated.
Conclusions: The safety issues regarding the vaccine must be addressed continuously, before
and after the implementation of the vaccine program
Dense cold‐water coral garden of paragorgia johnsoni suggests the importance of the Mid‐atlantic ridge for deep‐sea biodiversity
No full textMid-ocean ridges generate a myriad of physical oceanographic processes that favor
the supply of food and nutrients to suspension- and filter-feeding organisms, such as
cold-water corals and deep-sea sponges. However, the pioneering work conducted
along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge failed to report the presence of large and dense living
coral reefs, coral gardens, or sponge aggregations. Here, we describe the densest,
near-natural, and novel octocoral garden composed of large red and white colonies
of Paragorgia johnsoni Gray, 1862 discovered at 545–595 m depth on the slopes of
the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the Azores region. This newly discovered octocoral garden
is a good candidate for protection since it fits many of the FAO criteria that define
what constitutes a Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem. The observations described here
corroborate the existence of a close relationship between the octocoral structure
and the ambient currents on ridge-like topographies, providing new insights into the
functioning of mid-ocean ridges' ecosystems. The ubiquitous presence of biogenic
and geological topographies associated with mid-ocean ridges, which could act as
climate refugia, suggests their global importance for deep-sea biodiversity. A better
understanding of the processes involved is, therefore, required. Our observations
may inspire future deep-sea research initiatives to narrow existing knowledge gaps of biophysical connections with benthic fauna at small spatial scales along mid-ocean
ridges.FEDER; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Expanding the concept of social behavior to interspecific interactions
Get PDFIn pretty much any species, an individual's survival and reproduction depends crucially on the outcome of interactions with other individuals. Key interactions may take
place between individuals of the same species but also between individuals belonging to different species. However, the most accepted definition of social behavior
only considers interactions between conspecifics. Here, we argue that the distinction between intra- and interspecific interactions is largely artificial and hinders the
integration of the historically separately developed concepts. At the ultimate level,
given that the ecological landscape of organisms is composed both by interactions
with conspecifics and with heterospecifics, and both types of interactions may have
evolutionary consequences. Although intraspecific interactions usually have a higher
impact in fitness because in most species interactions relevant for reproduction (mating, parenting) exclusively involve conspecifics, and interactions relevant for survival
are more probable between conspecifics because they share the same ecological
niche, hence competing for the same resources (e.g., food, shelter), there are notable
exceptions in both fitness components (e.g., heterospecific mating in parthenogenic
all-female species; heterospecific brood parasitism; heterospecific aggression in sympatric species that compete for shared resources). At the proximate level, behaviors
and cognitive decision-making rules used to interact with other organisms may be
shared between intra- and interspecific interactions, and the mechanistic differences
between conspecific social behaviors used in distinct functional domains, such as
mating, aggression, or parenting, can be more expressive than those found within the
same functional domain between conspecific and heterospecific behavior. Therefore,
there are neither fundamental conceptual (ultimate) reasons, nor key differences in
mechanisms underlying behaviors involved in conspecific vs. heterospecific interactions that support the exclusion of interspecific interactions from the conceptual
framework of social behaviorFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Preditores de produtividade no trabalho
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.Introdução: Importa conhecer os fatores que influenciam a produtividade, incluindo o
bem-estar dos trabalhadores, avaliando questões de saúde, felicidade e utilização da
internet. O objetivo do estudo é explorar se as variáveis sociodemográficas e de saúde,
dependência da internet, felicidade e florescimento preveem a influência na produtividade
no trabalho. Método: No total, 1.000 indivíduos (mulheres: n=684), com idades entre 19-
75 anos (M=40.76; DP=10.575) preencheram um questionário para avaliar informação
sociodemográfica e relacionada com a saúde, dependência da internet (Internet Addiction
Test), felicidade (PERMA), florescimento (Flourishing Scale) e produtividade
relacionada com o trabalho (Health and Work). O modelo de equações estruturais foi
utilizado para explorar a relação entre a variável dependente (performance) e as variáveis
independentes. Resultados: O modelo estrutural revelou um ajustamento sofrível
(χ
2
/df=3.809; CFI=0.872; TLI=0.865; RMSEA=0.053). Participantes melhor qualidade
do sono apresentam melhores níveis de concentração e satisfação no trabalho
(.090<β<.051; .001<p<.011), participantes que não apresentam dependência da internet
revelam melhores níveis de produtividade, concentração e satisfação fora do trabalho (-
.091<β<.132;.002<p<.001), participantes com bons maiores níveis felicidade apresentam
melhores níveis em quase todas as dimensões da performance (.919<β<-.115;
.001<p<.004) e participantes com níveis de florescimento mais elevados revelam
melhores níveis de concentração e satisfação fora do trabalho (.321<β<-.136;p<.001).
Finalmente, participantes mais velhos (β=.082;p<.001) e participantes masculinos
apresentaram maior concentração (β=-.057;p=.014). Conclusão: A dependência da
internet pode comprometer recursos importantes, sendo benéfico as empresas investirem
em estratégias de promoção do significado, envolvimento, crescimento nas relações
positivas dos colaboradores no local de trabalho, proporcionando um ambiente
empresarial vantajoso.Introduction: It is important to know what predicts productivity, without neglecting the
well-being of employees at the workplace. So, issues related to health, happiness and
internet usage become essential to assess. The aim of this study is to explore whether
sociodemographic and health variables, as well as internet dependence, happiness and
flourishing predict work-related productivity. Methods: Overall, 1.000 individuals
(women: n=684), aged 19-75 years (M=40.76; SD=10.575) filled in a questionnaire to
assess sociodemographic and health-related information, internet addiction (Internet
Addiction Test), happiness (PERMA), flourishing (Flourishing Scale) and work-related
performance (Health and Work). Structural equation modelling was used to explore the
relationship of the dependent variable (performance) and the independent variables.
Results: The structural model revealed a sufferable fit (χ2
/df=3.809; CFI=0.872;
TLI=0.865; RMSEA=0.053). Participants with good sleep quality show good levels of
concentration and job satisfaction (.090<β<.051; .001<p<.011), participants with internet
dependence show good levels of productivity, concentration and satisfaction outside of
work (-.091<β<-.132; .002<p<.001), participants with good levels happiness show good
levels on all dimensions of performance (.919<β<-.115; .001<p<.004) and participants
with good levels of flourishing associate with concentration and satisfaction outside of
work (.321<β<-.136;p<.001). Finally, older (β=.082;p<.001) and male participants
presented higher concentration (β=-.057;p=.014). Discussion: Furthermore, internet
dependence can compromise important resources. Enterprises and leaders would benefit
from investing in strategies to promote meaning, engagement, positive relationships, as
well as growth and resilience (which might aid with a healthy and functional use of the
internet) of Collaborators at the workplace, building a win-win reality in a corporate
environment
Parental burnout : Perceived changes during the lockdown, focus on gender and emotional regulation
No full textDissertação apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre Psicologia Clinicafamilies when dealing with such external stressors as a lockdown. Thus, this study
focuses on the role of gender and emotion regulation strategies on the experience of
parental burnout during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Portugal. Data were collected
following a quantitative design with a sample of 496 parents (415 mothers; 81 fathers).
The results show that parents have perceived medium-low levels of parental burnout
when comparing with the pre-pandemic period, with marginally significant differences
according to gender during the lockdown (mothers show higher contrast than fathers).
In terms of emotion regulation strategies, individuals using a low level of reappraisal
showed higher levels of parental burnout; while for suppression there were no
differences between higher and lower usage of this strategy. In a context of significant
shifts in almost all aspects of everyday life, managing emotional resources was a
challenge especially for parents; despite parents have not perceived heightened values
of parental burnout, reappraisal may act as a useful strategy to reduce and prevent from
this symptom
Characterization of an extinct seabird colony on the island of Santa Luzia (Cabo Verde) and its potential for future recolonizations
Get PDFIslands worldwide have sufered seabird extinctions after the arrival of humans and the alien species they introduced. On
Santa Luzia (Cabo Verde), an uninhabited island of 35 km2
,the presence of an impressive quantity of petrel bones in coastal
dunes suggested the previous existence of an important seabird colony. Yet, these remains had not been identifed and no
seabird extinctions have been reported for the island. This paper characterizes the extinct seabird colony of Santa Luzia and
discusses the chronology and possible causes of its demise. A total of 130 grid points in a 5 km2
area and 38 supplementary
points within and outside the main study area were excavated to collect bone remains. A total of 1318 anatomical elements,
identifed as White-faced Storm Petrel Pelagodroma marina eadesorum (85.3% of the minimum number of individuals,
MNI), Boyd’s Shearwater Pufnus lherminieri boydi (11.8% MNI) and Cape Verde Storm Petrel Hydrobates jabejabe (2.9%
MNI), were found in 18% of the sampling points, within 1.25 km2
. Neither of the two former species currently breeds on
Santa Luzia. In addition, two bones of the Cape Verde Shearwater Calonectris edwardsii and Pterodroma sp. were detected
in the supplementary points. Radiocarbon dating of White-faced Storm Petrel (n=10) and Boyd’s Shearwater bones (n=13)
suggests that the colony probably went extinct during the frst half of the twentieth century. The recent extinction of these
species on Santa Luzia might be consequent on the arrival of humans and their domestic animals on the island. We estimate
that the extinct seabird populations must have been at least hundreds of thousand strong, far larger than current populations
of the same species in Cabo Verde. We suggest that, following feral cat eradication, Santa Luzia has a signifcant potential
for seabird restorationFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A face da reincidência : consequências da representação implícita da reincidência na prossociabilidade
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA
– Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia ForenseDesde o apoio políticas públicas a decisões legais, os enviesamentos estão na base da
discriminação. Uma vez que a perceção de faces afeta as decisões tomadas, neste estudo
estudamos o impacto da representação implícita da face de criminosos com alta probabilidade
de reincidência sobre o comportamento prossocial e os mecanismos que conduzem ao mesmo.
Foi também avaliado o efeito moderador do recurso a um instrumento de avaliação de risco -
LS/CMI nos efeitos da reincidência na prossociabilidade. Num estudo piloto (n = 44) utilizouse a metodologia de correlação reversa para aceder às faces e antifaces da reincidência com ou
sem instrumento de suporte à avaliação. Num estudo com 269 avaliadores independentes, os
resultados mostraram que a representação visual do reincidente tem um efeito indireto
negativo nas intenções de comportamentos prossociais. Esse efeito é mediado pela
similaridade, seja através da atribuição de emoções, seja pela identificação com o outro. O
recurso ao LS/CMI não teve impacto na prossociabilidade, mas diminuiu um efeito prévio da
representação da reincidência sobre a valência das emoções atribuídas. Uma análise de
moderação com orientação de dominância social medida não mostrou resultados
significativos. O estudo contribuí para a descrição dos mecanismos entre os enviesamentos
implícitos e a discriminação levantando questões sobre as suas consequências e implicações
para o sistema criminalFrom support to public policies to legal decisions, biases underlie discrimination. Since the
perception of faces affects decisions, in this study we study the impact of the implicit
representation of the face of criminals with a high probability of recidivism on prosocial
behavior and the mechanisms that lead to it. The moderating effect of using a risk assessment
instrument - LS / CMI on the effects of recidivism on prossociality was also evaluated. In a
pilot study (n = 44) the reverse correlation methodology was used to access the faces and
antifaces of recidivism with or without an assessment support instrument. In a study with 269
independent evaluators, the results showed that the visual representation of the repeat offender
has an indirect negative effect on the prosocial behavior intentions. This effect is mediated by
similarity, either through the attribution of emotions or through self-other identification. The
use of LS/CMI had no impact on prosociality, but it reduced a previous effect of the
representation of recidivism on the valence of attributed emotions. A moderation analysis
with measured social dominance orientation obtained no results. The study contributed to the
description of the mechanisms between implicit biases and discrimination, raising questions
about its consequences and implications for the criminal system