Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Associação entre resiliência, saúde autoreportada, ansiedade e depressão em pessoas portuguesas com dor crónica
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado no âmbito do projeto de
investigação financiado por bolsa FCT com a
referência SFRH/ BPD/121452/2016,
apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaA dor crónica é uma experiência multidimensional, subjetiva, individual e
idiossincrática. Esta é influenciada por fatores biológicos (dano físico), fatores psicológicos
(humor e ansiedade) e sociais (suporte social percebido). A experiência da dor crónica é
desgastante, de maneira que, fatores protetores como a resiliência podem trazer benefícios para
o bem-estar do indivíduo e não apenas ajudá-lo na vivência da condição. Desta maneira, os
objetivos do estudo são: (a) caracterizar a amostra quanto aos níveis de resiliência, saúde auto
reportada, ansiedade e depressão estado e; (b) Estudar o papel preditor da resiliência na saúde
auto reportada, ansiedade e depressão estado em pessoas portuguesas com dor crónica. Os
participantes do estudo foram 93 pessoas adultas portuguesas com dor crónica lombar ou
artrose. Foram aplicados à amostra um questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de resiliência
de Connor-Davison-10 Port (CD-RISC-10 port), o 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12)
a Escala de Ansiedade e Depressão Hospitalar (HADS) e Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). A
resiliência influenciou significativamente a saúde física, ansiedade e depressão estado, mas não
teve impacto significativo na saúde mental. Os resultados questionam a possibilidade de a
resiliência ser protetora da doença mental, mas não da saúde mental na dor crónica.Chronic pain is a multidimensional subjective, individual and idiosyncratic experience.
This experience is not only influenced by biological factors (physical damage) as well as
psychological factors (humor and anxiety) and social factors (perceived social support). The
experience of chronic pain is draining, therefore, protective factors such as resilience can
benefit personal well-being, and be more than just an aid to the living condition of chronic pain.
Thus, the goals of this study are: (a) sample characterization as to the levels of resilience, selfreported
health, state anxiety and state depression; (b) Understanding the predictor role of
resilience on the self-reported health, state anxiety and state depression of a Portuguese sample
with chronic pain. The participants of the study were 93 Portuguese adults with lumbar chronic
pain or arthrosis. A sociodemographic questionary, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale
(CD-RISC-10), the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), the Hospital Anxiety and
Depression scale (HADS) and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) were applied to the sample.
Resilience showed significant influence on the physical health, state anxiety and state
depression of the sample, but failed to predict its mental health. The results question the
possibility that resilience can act as a protector of mental illness but not as a protector of mental
health
Loneliness, social support, and adjustment to aging in older portuguese gay men
Get PDFBackground Older LGBT adults are growing in visibility throughout the Western world. An emerging body of research
reveals that this population is at greater risk for a variety of negative physical and mental health problems compared to the
general population. One such problem is loneliness, which is emerging as a major public health issue around the world.
Unfortunately, loneliness has not been studied in a diverse range of older LGBT people. The purpose of this study was to
assess levels of loneliness, as well as possible demographic and psychosocial predictors, in a population of older Portuguese
gay men.
Methods Using online surveys, 110 older Portuguese gay men (mean age = 63.5) completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale
for Portuguese Older Adults, Connectedness to the LGBT Community Scale and Adjustment to Aging Scale, as well as
measures of support from family and friends.
Results Overall, high levels of loneliness were found, particularly among those with lower education levels. Low levels of
family support, friends support and connectedness to the LGBT community were all significant predictors of loneliness in
the regression analyses, but adjustment to aging was not.
Conclusions These findings add to the international literature on the correlates of loneliness among older sexual minorities.
Such findings may inform the development of psychosocial interventions and promote healthcare engagement among older
sexual minorities, which are important steps toward reducing health disparities that affect this population.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The update of semantic memories in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Get PDFIt is still controversial to what extent neocortical consolidated memories are susceptible of change by processes of reconsolidation and transformation throughout experience, and whether the medial temporal lobes are necessary for this update of semantic consolidated memories, as they are for episodic remembering. We hypothesize that patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who have deficits in episodic memory may also have difficulties in updating information on added new features of objects. Sixteen participants with aMCI and 20 healthy control participants performed a semantic word-to-picture task, in which they were asked to identify as belonging to a given semantic category NEW objects, that have incorporated novel features, as well as OLD items, semantically and visually SIMILAR items and UNRELATED items. Patients with aMCI made a greater percentage of errors than healthy controls. Participants globally made greater percentages of errors in difficult types of items, namely NEW and SIMILAR, as compared to easier ones, OLD and UNRELATED. Importantly, an item by diagnostic group interaction effect was observed, and post hoc analysis showed that patients with aMCI made a higher percentage of errors than controls in NEW items only. In conclusion, patients with aMCI had a particular difficulty in identifying the NEW items of the word-to-picture task as compared to the control participants, supporting the concept of a flexible and dynamic conceptual knowledge system, involving the update of semantic memories and the integration of new attributes in a constant transformation process, which is impaired in these patients.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Em Portugal, de quarentena : impactos sobre o bem-estar e a saúde mental nos estudantes universitários
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado rapresentada no ISPA –
Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais
e da Vida, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.Objetivo: Vários países tiveram de entrar em quarentena devido à pandemia do COVID-19,
sendo que diferentes estudos sugerem que esta medida tem impactos negativos para o
funcionamento psicológico. Visto que a pandemia trouxe alterações súbitas ao quotidiano,
muitos estudos sobre a saúde mental estão limitados a reportar taxas de prevalência.
Pretende-se descrever os impactos da quarentena de 2020, comparando os dados de um
conjunto de sujeitos portugueses ao nível do bem-estar, da ansiedade e da depressão durante a
quarentena, com os que foram reportados num período prévio à pandemia chegar a Portugal.
Método: Recorreu-se a uma amostra de conveniência de 103 estudantes univesitários
portugueses (81.6% do sexo feminino) com uma média de idades de 22.58 ( DP = 7.04) anos.
Foi utilizado um delineamento quantitativo, que inclui análises comparativas transversais e
longitudinais, bem como análises correlacionais. As escalas WEMWBS e PHQ-4 foram
utilizadas nas suas versões traduzidas para português para se compreender os níveis de
bem-estar e de ansiedade e depressão, respetivamente. Resultados: Em média, houve uma
deterioração nos níveis de bem-estar e um aumento dos sintomas de depressão, mas não de
ansiedade. Ao nível sintomatológico, os estudantes do sexo feminino foram mais impactados
do que os do sexo masculino. Estes resultados vão ao encontro de estudos prévios. Foram
também identificados alguns factores significativamente correlacionados com as escalas de
saúde mental.Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has led many countries to engage in quarantine.
Different studies have shown that such measure can be harmful to psychological functioning.
Given the abrupt changes in daily life caused by the pandemic, many studies about mental
health are limited to reports of prevalence rates. Thus, we aim to describe the impacts of the
quarantine of 2020 by comparing the data surveyed with Portuguese participants on measures
of well-being, anxiety and depression during the period of isolation with the reports collected
before the pandemic had reached Portugal. Method: A convenience sample of 103
portuguese college students (81.6% female) was used, with a mean age of 22.58 ( SD = 7.04).
Our methodology is quantitative in nature. We employ transversal and longitudinal
comparisons, as well as correlational analyses. The portuguese translated versions of the
WEMWBS and the PHQ-4 scales were used to assess well being and symptoms of depression
and anxiety, respectively. Results: On average, well-being decreased whilst symptoms of
depression, but not of anxiety, increased. Females were more affected than males on
measures of symptomatology. These results are in line with previous studies. Additionally,
we identified some factors that were significantly correlated with mental health measures
during the quarantine
Os discursos de género em educação
Get PDFTese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos
necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em
Ciências de Educação
apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário no ano
de 2020Esta investigação teve como principal desiderato verificar se existem diferenças de
discurso por parte de educadores e por parte da família em relação aos meninos e meninas, ou
seja, que conceções de género são manifestadas no seio da família e na escola e que implicações
tem na socialização das crianças, que frequentam o pré-escolar ou o 1º ciclo do ensino básico
em Lisboa e Santarém. A construção de género é iniciada antes do nascimento de cada criança
no seio da respetiva família, trata-se de uma construção social que se rege por regras criadas
também pela sociedade que acolhe a criança e que estabelece diferenças entre o que é próprio
para homens e para mulheres. Por seu turno, as crianças iniciam na mais tenra idade a sua
própria identidade de género, que lhe permite ser aceite pelos seus pares e pela sociedade que
a rodeia. Quer isto dizer que cada sociedade impõe determinados estereótipos de género e que
as crianças são influenciadas e produtos destes mesmos estereótipos. Com objetivo de
investigar que discursos são frequentemente utilizados por educadores e pelas famílias no que
respeita ao género foi desenhada uma entrevista para os educadores e professores do pré-escolar
e do 1º ciclo e ainda um inquérito para ao pais e mães com crianças destas idades. Foram
entrevistados 8 educadores de infância e 22 docentes do 1º ciclo e ainda validados 641
inquéritos. Os resultados apontam que as perceções dos professores e das famílias são diferentes
nos companheiros de brincadeira das crianças, mas similares no que respeita ao tipo de
brincadeiras. Por seu turno encontramos representações de feminilidade e masculinidade no
tipo de vestuário, calçado, acessórios, brinquedos e no material escolar escolhido ou adquirido
para as crianças. Não foram percecionadas diferenças no processo de aprendizagem das
meninas e dos meninos, mas foram percecionadas diferenças no comportamento em sala de
aula, sendo ainda necessário continuar a investigar as diferenças nos percursos que podemos ou
não relacionar com o abandono a nível escolar, uma vez que existem desigualdades de género
a este nível.This investigation had as main objective to verify if there are differences of discourse on the
part of educators and on the part of the family in relation to boys and girls, in other words, that
gender conceptions are manifested within the family and at school and what implications it has
on socialization of children, who attend pre-school or 1st cycle of basic education in Lisbon
and Santarém. The construction of gender begins before the birth of each child in the family, it
is a social construction that is governed by rules created also by the society that welcomes the
child and that establishes differences between what is proper for men and for women. In turn,
children start their own gender identity at an early age, which allows them to be accepted by
their peers and by the society around them. This means that each society imposes certain gender
stereotypes and that children are influenced and products of these same stereotypes. In order to
investigate which speeches are frequently used by educators and families with regard to gender,
an interview was designed for educators and teachers of pre-school and primary schools and
also a survey for parents of children of these ages. 8 kindergarten teachers and 22 teachers from
the 1st cycle were interviewed and 641 inquiries were still validated. The results show that the
perceptions of teachers and families are different in children's playmates, but similar in terms
of the type of play. In turn, we find representations of femininity and masculinity in the type of
clothing, footwear, accessories, toys and school supplies chosen or purchased for children. No
differences were perceived in the learning process of girls and boys, but differences were
observed in behaviour in the classroom, and it is still necessary to continue investigating the
differences in the paths that we may or may not relate to dropout at school, since there are
gender inequalities at this level
Exercise training in the management of overweight and obesity in adults: Synthesis of the evidence and recommendations from the European Association for the Study of Obesity Physical Activity Working Group
Get PDFThere is a need for updated practice recommendations on exercise in the management of overweight and obesity in adults. We summarize the evidence provided by a series of seven systematic literature reviews performed by a group of experts from across Europe. The following recommendations with highest strength (Grade A) were derived. For loss in body weight, total fat, visceral fat, intra-hepatic fat, and for improvement in blood pressure, an exercise training program based on aerobic exercise at moderate intensity is preferentially advised. Expected weight loss is however on average not more than 2 to 3 kg. For preservation of lean mass during weight loss, an exercise training program based on resistance training at moderate-to-high intensity is advised. For improvement in insulin sensitivity and for increasing cardiorespiratory fitness, any type of exercise training (aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic or resistance) or high-intensity interval training (after thorough assessment of cardiovascular risk and under supervision) can be advised. For increasing muscular fitness, an exercise training program based preferentially on resistance training alone or combined with aerobic training is advised. Other recommendations deal with the beneficial effects of exercise training programs on energy intake and appetite control, bariatric surgery outcomes, and quality of life and psychological outcomes in management of overweight and obesity.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Predictors of attitudes toward lesbian and gay parenting in an ecuadorian sample.
Get PDFIn the past few years, Ecuador has experienced legal changes toward the
recognition of sexual minority rights. However, lesbian and gay (LG) individuals
and couples still face legal obstacles to become parents and social
barriers that place their families in disadvantage compared to their heterosexual
counterparts. To date, it is not known whether the legal changes
reflect society’s move toward a more progressive and accepting climate.
This study analyzed the attitudes toward LG parenting in an Ecuadorian
online-recruited sample. Three hundred thirty-eight (338) participants
answered an online questionnaire about the negative effects and the benefits
of having LG parents. The strongest belief among participants was
that children of LG parents would be victimized because of their parents’
sexual orientation. Analyses indicated differences in attitudes based on
age, sexual orientation, marital status, education level, as well as religiosity.
Finally, regression models suggested that beliefs about the origins of sexual
orientation and contact with LG people predicted attitude scores.
Implications of these findings are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Controlo com esforço avaliado através do relato parental e de observação laboratorial e ajustamento na idade pré-escolar
No full textAbstract: Effortful control is a key aspect of children’s self-regulation showing a remarkable progress in early childhood. This study explored the relationship between effortful control, externalizing and internalizing problems and prosocial behaviour in young children. The sample was composed by 31
Portuguese children, aged between 3 and 6-years-old, and their parents. Effortful control was assessed by behavioural tasks (Tower of Patience, Bead Sorting) and the very short form of the Child Behavior Questionnaire administered to the parents. Internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as prosocial behaviour, were measured through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, answered by the parents. The results show that higher levels of effortful control are related to less externalizing problems and higher levels of prosocial behaviour. No significant associations were found between effortful control and internalizing problems. The mechanisms that may explain the different patterns of associations between effortful control and internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood are discussed.Resumo: O controlo com esforço é um aspeto fundamental da autorregulação das crianças, revelando um desenvolvimento acentuado durante os anos pré-escolares. Este estudo explorou a relação entre o
controlo com esforço, problemas de externalização e internalização e o comportamento pró-social em crianças pequenas. A amostra foi composta por 31 crianças portuguesas, com idades compreendidas entre os 3 e os 6 anos, e respetivos pais. O controlo com esforço foi avaliado através de tarefas comportamentais (Torre da Paciência e Ordenar Elásticos) e através da versão muito breve do Questionário sobre o Comportamento da Criança administrado aos pais. Os problemas de internalização e externalização, bem como o comportamento pró-social, foram avaliados através do
Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades, preenchido pelos pais. Os resultados revelam que níveis mais elevados de controlo com esforço estão relacionados com menos problemas de externalização e níveis mais elevados de comportamento pró-social. Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre o controlo com esforço e problemas de internalização. Os mecanismos que podem explicar os diferentes padrões de associações entre o controlo com esforço e os problemas de internalização e externalização na idade pré-escolar são discutidos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Relatório vacinação estratégias de comunicação e literacia em saúde eficazes para população jovem
No full textUm conjunto de duas dezenas de profissionais portugueses de várias áreas da saúde refletiu em conjunto sobre as questões que levam os jovens a não se interessarem pela vacinação contra o COVID-19 e a forma mais eficaz de se ultrapassarem estas crenças negativas e barreiras à vacinação.
As preocupações destes jovens sobre os efeitos seguros da vacinação, a proteção de familiares e amigos e o regresso às atividades sociais parecem ser fatores motivadores para a ação de vacinação e proteção. Neste sentido, e reunindo o conhecimento sobre as campanhas de marketing em saúde e os conteúdos comunicativos que podem influenciar positivamente esta mobilização para a vacinação, estes profissionais apresentam neste relatório um conjunto de dados científicos, estratégicos e operacionais que podem apontar alguns caminhos.
Este grupo de trabalho avaliou o perfil dos jovens (dados demográficos e psicográficos), as crenças, as necessidades, a perceção do risco e as motivações que podem ser atendidas para que se criem, com a brevidade possível, através dos recursos públicos e das autoridades sanitárias, onde se inclui a Direção-Geral da Saúde (DGS), formas de melhor promover os objetivos inequívocos: vacinar a população jovem em Portugal com a brevidade possível.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Creating a supportive classroom environment through effective feedback: effects on students’ school identification and behavioral engagement
Get PDFPrevious research revealed the connection between students’ behavioral and emotional
engagement and a supportive classroom environment. One of the primary tools teachers
have to create a supportive classroom environment is effective feedback. In this study, we
assessed the supportive classroom environment using the perception shared by all
students from the same classroom of teachers’ use of effective feedback. We aimed
to explore the effect of such an environment on students’ behavioral engagement and
school identification. Using a probabilistic sample of 1,188 students from 75 classrooms
across 6th, 7th, 9th, and 10th grades, we employed multilevel regression modeling with
random intercept and fixed slopes. We explored the effects of both individual perceptions
of teachers’ use of effective feedback and the supportive classroom environment on
student engagement. The analyses identified that students who perceived that their
teachers use more effective feedback had a higher level of behavioral engagement and
school identification. Once we controlled the effects of these individual perceptions of
teachers’ effective feedback, we still observed the effect of a supportive classroom
environment on student engagement. So, in classrooms where teachers used more
effective feedback creating a supportive classroom environment, students had higher
school identification and behavioral engagement levels, regardless of their individual
perceptions of teachers’ feedback. The association between variables remained
significant even after controlling students’ characteristics (gender, nationality, mother’s
level of education, history of grade retention) and classroom characteristics (grade level,
type of school, number of students at grade level). Our findings support the potential of
teachers’ feedback practices to foster students’ school identification and behavioral
engagement to build a more inclusive school environment and value students’ diversity.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio