Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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A 2021 Horizon Scan of Emerging Global Biological Conservation Issues
Get PDFWe present the results from our 12th annual horizon scan of issues likely to impact biological conservation in the future. From a list of 97 topics, our global panel of 25 scientists and practitioners identified the top 15 issues that we believe society may urgently need to address. These issues are either novel in the biological conservation sector or represent a substantial positive or negative step-change in impact at global or regional level. Six issues, such as coral reef deoxygenation and changes in polar coastal productivity, affect marine or coastal ecosystems and seven relate to human and ecosystem-level responses to climate change. Identification of potential forthcoming issues for biological conservation may enable increased preparedness by researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
How couple’s relationship lasts over time? A model for marital satisfaction
Get PDFHigh rates of divorce seem related to low marital satisfaction levels; however, there is still a lack of a model that can help understand the couple's resilience and fragility throughout the life cycle. This research explores the role of communication patterns, their own and partner's motivation for conjugality, cohesion and flexibility within a couple, and several sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., stage of the family life cycle) that can explain marital satisfaction. A sample of 331 Portuguese in a marital relationship completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and marital satisfaction measures, communication and conflict management competencies, cohesion and flexibility, and motivation. Adequate statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. Both measurement and structural model performed in the study presented a good fit, with five significant predictors of marital satisfaction (that accounted for 85% of the variability): intrinsic motivation (β = .64), communication (β = .31), families with young children (β = -.08), families with teenagers (β = -.07) and professional/academic status (β = .06). By identifying a model for marital satisfaction, this research provides clues regarding which aspects might need to be considered in couples' clinical work to promote healthier relationships.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Openness Toward Organizational Change Scale (OTOCS): Validity Evidence from Brazil and Portugal
Get PDFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
O pedido de ajuda em jovens adultos portugueses com comportamentos autolesivos
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA- Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia ClínicaA temática dos comportamentos autolesivos (CAL) tem ganhado grande destaque no
panorama mundial, em particular em Portugal. Mas nos trabalhos científicos sobre o pedido de
ajuda a informação é escassa. Deste modo e para melhor compreender o que motiva ou não o
pedido de ajuda em jovens adultos portugueses foi desenvolvido o presente estudo. Foram
utilizados instrumentos tais como: Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido
(MSPSS), o Inventário de Comportamentos Autolesivos (ICAL), o Questionário de Pedido de
Ajuda (especialmente desenvolvido para este estudo), o Questionário de Ideação Suicida e o
Questionário Sociodemográfico. O pedido de ajuda parece não estar relacionado com a
gravidade e com a frequência dos comportamentos, mas sim com as relações que os indivíduos
estabelecem com as pessoas à sua volta e com os profissionais de saúde (e saúde mental) e,
ainda, com o modo como vivenciam os próprios comportamentos.Deliberate Self-Harm Behaviours (DSH) have gained great prominence in the world
panorama, particularly in Portugal. But in scientific work about help-seeking, information
becomes insufficient. The present study was developed to better understand what motivates or
not the seek for help in young portuguese adults. For this purpose, were used instruments such
as: Perceived Social Support Multidimensional Scale (MSPSS), Inventory of Deliberate Self-
Harm Behaviours (ICAL), Help-Seeking Questionnaire (specially developed for this study),
Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire and Sociodemographic Questionnaire. The seek for help does
not seem to be related to the severity and frequency of behaviors, but to the relationships that
individuals establish with people around them and with health professionals (and mental health
professionals) as well as the way they experience their own deliberate self-harm experiences
Associações entre estratégias de regulação emocional, práticas parentais alimentares, tempo de ecrãs e consumo alimentar infantil
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaO estudo tem como temáticas de domínio central as estratégias de regulação emocional parentais, o consumo alimentar infantil e as rotinas familiares obesogénicas.
Assim, constituiu-se como principal objetivo perceber se reações parentais às emoções negativas de crianças entre os 3 e os 6 anos estão associadas ao consumo alimentar e às rotinas familiares, particularmente no que se refere às práticas parentais alimentares e ao tempo de visualização de ecrãs.
Fizeram parte do estudo 83 cuidadores e foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Estratégias de Coping para Emoções Negativas das Crianças (Fabes, Eisenberg & Bernzweig, 1990), Questionário Completo de Práticas Parentais (Musher-Eizenman & Holub, 2007), o Questionário Tempo Visualização Ecrãs, e o Questionário Consumo Alimentar (Andreassen & Fletcher, 2007).
Os resultados mostram que as estratégias de regulação emocional positivas (e.g. encorajamento expressivo, reações centradas na emoção e reações centradas no problema) se associam a práticas alimentares saudáveis (e.g. ambiente e modelagem), e que as estratégias negativas (e.g. reações de angústia, de punição e de minimização) se associam a práticas alimentares não-saudáveis (e.g. pressão, comida como recompensa e regulação emocional). As práticas não-saudáveis estão associadas a um consumo alimentar não-saudável e a um maior tempo de visualização de televisão, enquanto este último se associa a um maior consumo de alimentos não saudáveis.
Os resultados sugerem que a qualidade das reações dos cuidadores à expressão das emoções negativas das crianças está associada à qualidade das práticas alimentares a que recorrem, e que o consumo de alimentos não-saudáveis se associa ao tempo de ecrãs.This study focuses on parental emotion regulation strategies, child food consumption and obesogenic family routines. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to understand whether the emotional regulation strategies used by parents of children between 3 and 6 years old are associated with a child’s food consumption and their family’s routines, particularly as it regards to parental feeding practices and screen viewing time.
83 caregivers took part in this study, where the following instruments were used: Coping with children’s negative emotions (Fabes, Eisenberg & Bernzweig, 1990), Comprehensive Feeding Practices Questionnaire (Musher-Eizenman & Holub, 2007), Screen Viewing Time Questionnaire, and Food Consumption Questionnaire (Andreassen & Fletcher, 2007).
The results show that positive emotion regulation strategies (e.g. expressive encouragement, emotion-focused reactions and problem-focused reactions) are associated with healthy feeding practices (e.g. environment and modeling), and contrastingly, that negative strategies (e.g. distress reactions, punitive reactions and minimization reactions) are associated with unhealthy feeding practices (e.g. emotion regulation, food as reward and pressure). Unhealthy practices are linked to unhealthy food consumption and to higher television screen time, which in turn is associated with higher consumption of unhealthy food.
These results suggests that the quality of the parental reactions to children’s negative emotions is associated with the quality of the feeding practices that parents adopt, and that unhealthy food consumption is associated with screen time
Mental health status of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak
No full textIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted individuals, communities, and whole populations. Experts across many
different fields contributed their time and efforts in different ways to respond to the pandemic. Psychologists working in healthcare provided support and led many initiatives, both regionally and nationally. However, it is unknown how this has differed across Europe and its full range of activities and contributions. Aim: The current study is a survey of European member associations of EFPA, carried out to understand the current contributions and the impact those psychology contributions have had on the COVID-19 pandemic response, to share lessons learned, and to propose a roadmap for the future. Results: Overall, our study highlights how psychological expertise was integrated into many countries’ policy/decision-making, action-planning, caregiving, and the promotion of health and well-being to health professionals and the general public. Even in places where psychologists were not directly integrated into governmental systems, they played an important role in responding to this pandemic by providing their services and empirical knowledge. Discussion: Many psychologists possess the skills and tools
to adapt their practice to the digital provision of services and to provide a continuity of care during the pandemic. Research carried out by psychologists has contributed important and new knowledge on pandemic effects, consequences, and interventions; yet, more research financial support is needed. We make recommendations for augmenting psychologists’ contributions in the future. In a global health crisis, where the main possible treatment is a preventive approach concentrated on sustainable behavior change, psychologists should be included every step of the way – they can make a difference.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio
Do smartphone applications and activity trackers increase physical activity in adults? Systematic review, meta-analysis and metaregression
Get PDFTo determine the effectiveness of physical
activity interventions involving mobile applications
(apps) or trackers with automated and continuous self-monitoring
and feedback.
Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Data sources PubMed and seven additional databases,
from 2007 to 2020.
Study selection Randomised controlled trials in adults
(18–65 years old) without chronic illness, testing a
mobile app or an activity tracker, with any comparison,
where the main outcome was a physical activity measure.
Independent screening was conducted.
Data extraction and synthesis We conducted
random effects meta-analysis
and all effect sizes were
transformed into standardised difference in means
(SDM). We conducted exploratory metaregression
with continuous and discrete moderators identified as
statistically significant in subgroup analyses.
Main outcome measures Physical activity: daily step
counts, min/week of moderate-to-
vigorous
physical
activity, weekly days exercised, min/week of total
physical activity, metabolic equivalents.
Results Thirty-five
studies met inclusion criteria
and 28 were included in the meta-analysis
(n=7454
participants, 28% women). The meta-analysis
showed
a small-to-
moderate
positive effect on physical activity
measures (SDM 0.350, 95% CI 0.236 to 0.465, I2=69%,
T2=0.051) corresponding to 1850 steps per day (95% CI
1247 to 2457). Interventions including text-messaging
and personalisation features were significantly more
effective in subgroup analyses and metaregression.
Conclusion Interventions using apps or trackers seem
to be effective in promoting physical activity. Longer
studies are needed to assess the impact of different
intervention components on long-term
engagement and
effectiveness.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceção parental face aos benefícios da prática desportiva nos/as seus/suas educandos/as
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no
ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia da EducaçãoO presente estudo tem como principal objetivo analisar a perceção parental acerca dos benefícios que a prática desportiva pode ter nos/as seus/suas educandos/as.
Para alcançar este objetivo, colocam-se Questões de Investigação que pretendiam verificar quais as perceções dos participantes acerca dos jovens, nas seguintes temáticas: (1) a Atividade Desportiva fora do contexto escolar e o Desenvolvimento Integral; (2) a Atividade Desportiva fora do contexto escolar e o Desenvolvimento das Competências Académicas; (3) a Atividade Desportiva fora do contexto escolar e o Desenvolvimento das Competências Pessoais; (4) a Disciplina de Educação Física e o Desenvolvimento Integral.
A amostra deste estudo (N=338), respondeu a um Questionário Online que incluía: um Questionário Sócio-Demográfico e um Questionário, desenvolvido para este estudo, que abordava as temáticas: as Conceções Parentais acerca da Atividade Física/Educação Física, o Apoio Familiar, o Stress e a Perceção de Ameaça, as Competências Académicas e as Competências Pessoais.
Os resultados encontrados indicam que os participantes com jovens que praticam Atividade Desportiva fora do contexto escolar percecionam, de uma forma significativamente mais positiva, as suas competências, no que concerne: o seu Desenvolvimento Integral, as suas Competências Académicas e as suas Competências Pessoais. No entanto, o item “Cumprimento das Regras Estabelecidas em Casa”, foi o único onde não se verificaram diferenças significativas nas perceções dos dois grupos.
Em estudos futuros, será importante elaborar uma escala validada, que nos permita avaliar a perceção dos pais relativamente à Atividade Desportiva, para se proceder à sensibilização desta população acerca do impacto benéfico desta nos jovens.The main objective of this study is to analyze the parental perception about the benefits that the practice of sports can have on their teenagers.
In order to achieve this objective, were raised some Research Questions that intended to verify the participants' perceptions about teenagers, in the following themes: (1) Sports Activity outside the school context and Integral Development; (2) Sports Activity outside the school context and the Development of Academic Skills; (3) Sports Activity outside the school context and the Development of Personal Skills; (4) the Discipline of Physical Education and Integral Development.
The sample of this study (N=338) answered an Online Questionnaire that included: a Socio-Demographic Questionnaire and a Questionnaire, developed for this study, which addressed the themes: Parental Conceptions about Physical Activity/Physical Education, Family Support, Stress and Perception of Threat, Academic Skills and Personal Skills.
The results found indicate that participants with teenagers who practice Sports Activity outside the school context perceive, in a significantly more positive way, their competences, with regard to: their Integral Development, their Academic Skills and their Personal Skills. However, the item “Compliance with the Rules Established at Home”, was the only one where there were no significant differences in the perceptions of both groups.
In future studies, it will be important to develop a validated scale, which will allow us to assess the perception of parents regarding Sports Activity, in order to raise awareness of this population about its beneficial impact on teenagers
Connecting primate gesture to the evolutionary roots of language: A systematic review
Get PDFComparative psychology provides important contributions to our understanding of
the origins of human language. The presence of common features in human and
nonhuman primate communication can be used to suggest the evolutionary trajectories
of potential precursors to language. However, to do so effectively, our findings
must be comparable across diverse species. This systematic review describes
the current landscape of data available from studies of gestural communication in
human and nonhuman primates that make an explicit connection to language evolution.
We found a similar number of studies on human and nonhuman primates, but
that very few studies included data from more than one species. As a result, evolutionary
inferences remain restricted to comparison across studies. We identify
areas of focus, bias, and apparent gaps within the field. Different domains have been
studied in human and nonhuman primates, with relatively few nonhuman primate
studies of ontogeny and relatively few human studies of gesture form. Diversity in
focus, methods, and socio‐ecological context fill important gaps and provide
nuanced understanding, but only where the source of any difference between studies
is transparent. Many studies provide some definition for their use of gesture;
but definitions of gesture, and in particular, criteria for intentional use, are absent in
the majority of human studies. We find systematic differences between human and
nonhuman primate studies in the research scope, incorporation of other modalities,
research setting, and study design. We highlight eight particular areas in a call to
action through which we can strengthen our ability to investigate gestural communication's
contribution within the evolutionary roots of human language.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Falta : Luto desautorizado em tempos de pandemia
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClinicaO luto desautorizado, proposto por Kenneth Doka, caracteriza-se pela percepção da pessoa enlutada, da falta de reconhecimento ou legitimação, dos pares ou comunidade, pela perda e suas manifestações. Este estudo qualitativo procura compreender qual o impacto de perder um ente querido durante o Estado de Emergência em Portugal devido à pandemia Covid-19, e também tentar perceber a experiência à luz do conceito de luto desautorizado. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com oito pessoas que tinham perdido entes queridos da sua família imediata. As entrevistas foram analisadas através de uma análise temática. Os resultados indicaram dois factores essenciais para o processo de luto dos participantes: a) o contacto impedido com os entes queridos quando estes se encontravam doentes e hospitalizados, e b) a falta de acesso ao corpo após o falecimento, que incluía proibição de exéquias. Tudo isto foi percebido como actos danosos e desrespeitosos, por parte do Estado. Esta falta de reconhecimento e legitimização do sofrimento enquadram-se no conceito de luto desautorizado e são importantes para compreender a ocorrência de luto complicado/persistente durante a pandemia. Estas experiências podem constituir-se como factores que atrasam e interferem num processo de luto saudável. Esta investigação aponta para a necessidade de reenquadrar as razões de um luto menos normativo como não sendo exclusivamente internas, dada a conjuntura restritiva em que as perdas ocorreram. Sobretudo, quando a pandemia Covid-19 é uma questão de saúde pública mundial.Disenfranchised grief, a concept proposed and developed by Kenneth Doka, is identified mainly by how a bereaved person perceives that the loss of a loved one and its manifestations aren't being acknowledged or seen as legitimate, by that person's peers or community. This qualitative study aims to understand the impact of losing a loved one during the State of Emergency decreed in Portugal due to the Covid-19 pandemic, and also how that experience is framed, as per the concept of disenfranchised grief, as put forward initially. Semi-structured interviews were done with eight participants, all of which had lost members of their immediate family. The interviews were analysed thematically. The results showed two factors that were essential for the participants' grieving process: a) the halted and forbidden contact with the loved ones while sick and in hospital, and b) the lack of access to the body of the deceased, which included the ban of funeral rites. All this was perceived as damaging and disrespectful State-sanctioned acts. This lack of acknowledgment and legitimacy of the suffering are criteria that fit the concept of disenfranchised grief and are important when understanding the occurrence of prolonged grief in pandemic times. These experiences are factors that may delay and interfering with a healthy grief process. This study points towards the need to reframe the reasons of a less ordinary grief as not exclusively internal, considering the restrictive circumstances under which the losses took place. Especially when Covid-19 pandemic is a worldwide public health issue