Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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O plano individual de trabalho e o tempo de estudo autónomo como promotores da autonomia dos alunos no 1º ciclo do ensino básico
Get PDFRelatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada
apresentado no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.ºCiclo do Ensino Básico, criado por Aviso n.º 11548/2020, publicado no Diário da República, 2.ª série, n.º 153, de 7 de Agosto de 2020.O presente relatório surge no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, articulado com a Unidade Curricular de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada em 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico.
O estágio foi desenvolvido numa Instituição Particular de Solidariedade Social (IPSS), mais especificamente numa turma do 2.º ano de escolaridade, com dezassete crianças, sendo seis do sexo feminino e onze do sexo masculino.
A professora titular de turma rege-se pelo Modelo do Movimento da Escola Moderna, onde o desenvolvimento da competência da autonomia está presente na rotina diária do grupo, mais especificamente nos momentos de Tempo de Estudo Autónomo (TEA), que são organizados pelo Plano Individual de Trabalho (PIT). Desta forma, a presente investigação teve como principal objetivo compreender de que forma o instrumento de pilotagem PIT, associado ao momento da agenda semanal TEA estão relacionados com a promoção da autonomia dos alunos.
A metodologia utilizada foi de natureza qualitativa, sendo que as técnicas e instrumentos de investigação usados no desenvolvimento do presente relatório centraram-se numa observação naturalista, observação sistemática e realização de entrevistas. Os registos efetuados no diário de bordo, bem como no portefólio de estágio são, também, instrumentos que apoiaram a concretização deste estudo.
A informação recolhida, bem como a sua análise permitiram compreender melhor as vantagens da utilização do Plano Individual de Trabalho e da realização do Tempo de Estudo Autónomo face à promoção da autonomia das crianças.This report comes within the scope of the Master in Pre-School Education and Teaching of the 1st Cycle of Basic Education, articulated with the Curricular Unit of Supervised Teaching Practice in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education.
The internship was carried out in a Private Institution of Social Solidarity (IPSS), more specifically in a 2nd year class, with seventeen children, six female and eleven male.
The class teacher is governed by the Modern School Movement Model, where the development of autonomy competence is present in the daily routine of the group, more specifically in the moments of Autonomous Study Time (AST), which are organized by the Individual Work Plan (IWP). In this way, the main objective of this investigation was to understand how the IWP piloting instrument, associated with the moment of the AST weekly schedule, is related to the promotion of student autonomy.
The methodology used was of a qualitative nature, and the research techniques and instruments used in the development of this report focused on naturalistic observation, systematic observation and conducting interviews. The records made in the logbook, as well as in the internship portfolio are also instruments that supported the realization of this study.
The information collected, as well as its analysis, allowed a better understanding of the advantages of using the Individual Work Plan and carrying out the Autonomous Study Time in terms of promoting children's autonomy
Unexpectedly deep diving in an albatross
Get PDFAlbatrosses are the iconic aerial wanderers of the oceans, supremely adapted for long-distance dynamic soaring flight. Perhaps because of this they are considered poorly adapted for diving1, in contrast to many smaller shearwater and petrel relatives, despite having amphibious eyes2, and an a priori mass advantage for oxygen-storage tolerance3. Modern biologging studies have largely confirmed this view4,5, casting doubt on earlier observations using capillary tube maximum depth gauges1, which may exaggerate depths, and emphasising albatrosses’ reliance on near-surface feeding. Nevertheless, uncertainty about albatross diving remains an important knowledge gap since bycatch in human fisheries (e.g. birds becoming hooked when diving for longline bait fish) is thought to be driving many population declines in this most threatened group of birds6. Here we show, using miniature electronic depth loggers (TDRs), that black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris, can dive to much greater depths (19 m) and for much longer (52 s) than previously thought — three times the maxima previously recorded for this species (6 m and 15 s), and more than twice the maxima reliably recorded previously for any albatross (from 113.7 bird-days of tracking4,5,7). Further evidence that diving may be a significant behavioural adaptation in some albatrosses comes from co-deployed 3-axis accelerometers showing that these deeper dives, which occur in most individuals we tracked, involve active under-water propulsion without detectable initial assistance from momentum, sometimes with bottom phases typical of active prey pursuit. Furthermore, we find (from co-deployed GPS) that diving occurs primarily in the distal portions of long-distance foraging trips, with deeper dives occurring exclusively during daylight or civil twilight, confirming the importance of visual guidance.Fundação para a Ciênica e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Comportamento social e emocional dos filhos : papel da regulação emocional materna, da sintomatologia psicopatológica materna e do funcionamento familiar
Get PDFAbstract: Research has demonstrated that maternal emotion regulation strategies (self-criticism and self-compassion), mental health, and family functioning impacts child functioning. Due to the paucity of studies, we aimed to analyze: (1) the associations between maternal emotion regulation strategies, psychopathological symptomatology, family functioning, and mother’s perceived child social and emotional behavior (SEB); (2) the differences in mother’s perceived child SEB, according to maternal, child and family characteristics; (3) the predictive role of maternal emotion regulation in mother’s perceived child SEB. A sample of 431 mothers (25-59 years), with children aged 4-17 years (55.5% male), answered the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Systemic Clinical Outcome and Routine Evaluation, the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Forms of Self-Criticizing/Attacking and Self-Reassuring Scale, and the Self-Compassion Scale. The results showed positive associations between self-criticism, maternal psychopathological symptomatology, worse family functioning and child social and emotional problems, as well between maternal self-compassion and child prosocial behaviors. Mothers who reported low income, elementary school education, a history of psychiatric illness and whose children had early behavior changes perceived more social and emotional difficulties in their children. Maternal self-criticism was the main predictor of child social and emotional difficulties. In conclusion, maternal emotion regulation strategies and psychopathological symptomatology are associated with family functioning and child SEB.Resumo: A investigação demonstra que as estratégias de regulação emocional maternas (autocrítica e autocompaixão), saúde mental e funcionamento familiar têm impacto no funcionamento da criança e do adolescente. Devido à escassez de estudos, temos como objetivos analisar: (1) as associações entre estratégias de regulação emocional materna, sintomatologia psicopatológica, funcionamento familiar, e a perceção materna do comportamento social e emocional dos filhos ; (2) as diferenças na perceção materna do comportamento social e emocional dos filhos consoante as características da mãe, dos filhos e da família; (3) o papel preditivo da regulação emocional materna na perceção materna do comportamento social e emocional dos filhos. Uma amostra de 431 mães (25-59 anos), com filhos de 4-17 anos (55,5% do sexo masculino), respondeu ao Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades, Systemic Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation (SCORE-15), Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos, Escala das Formas do Autocriticismo e Autotranquilização e Escala de Autocompaixão. Os resultados mostraram associações positivas entre o autocriticismo, a sintomatologia psicopatológica materna, pior funcionamento familiar e problemas sociais e emocionais dos filhos, e entre autocompaixão materna e comportamento prossocial dos filhos. Mães que relataram baixos rendimentos, educação escolar básica, história de doença psiquiátrica e cujos filhos tiveram alterações no comportamento precoce perceberam mais dificuldades sociais e emocionais nos seus filhos. O autocriticismo materno foi o principal preditor das dificuldades sociais e emocionais das crianças e adolescentes. Em conclusão, as estratégias de regulação emocional materna e a sintomatologia psicopatológica estão associadas ao funcionamento familiar e ao comportamento social e emocional dos filhos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Fintech services and the drivers of their implementation in small and medium enterprises
Get PDFFintech has been one of the biggest agents of change in the financial sector worldwide, deserving an in-depth analysis as the aim of this study (including factors leading to its adoption, consequences, etc.). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the financial area and Fintech services allied to technology has increased efficiency, convenience, and security. To better understand this type of service, the research follows a quantitative methodology. The quantitative method included a questionnaire survey of companies that are Fintech customers, totaling 49 valid responses from firms (collected over a three-month period and which involved sending over a thousand emails to numerous companies). The response rate was low due to both the pandemic and the conjuncture with major war, which are generating uncertainty in business. The analysis was based on descriptive statistics, an assessment of the metric qualities of the scales, reliability and an Exploratory Factor Analysis, Pearson correlations and Hypothesis testing. The positive and significant effect of the technological context (perceived convenience, usefulness and effectiveness and perceived safety and trust) and the organizational context (ecological footprint reduction and internal cost reduction) on Fintech service adoption intention was confirmed. Hypothesis Three was partially confirmed since only consumer trends and reputation perception have a positive and significant effect on the intention to adopt Fintech by SMEs. The moderating effect of the environmental context in the relationship between the technological context and the intention to adopt Fintech by SMEs was partially proven, but the same was not verified in the relationship between the organizational context and the intention to adopt Fintech by SMEs. Portugal seems to be on the same adoption path as the rest of the western world, and Fintech services will undoubtedly increase, in a kind of revolution in which the strongest and those able to adapt to the markets and their needs will survive.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceived changes in sexual interest and distress about discrepant sexual interest during the first phase of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Country Assessment in Cohabiting Partnered Individuals
Get PDFDue to COVID-19 pandemic, different restrictive measures in terms of physical distancing and lockdowns have been introduced in most European countries, affecting all facets of social life. Currently, little is known about how partnered individuals perceive changes in their sexual life during this complex emergency. This study explored retrospectively assessed changes in sexual interest for one’s partner and levels of distress related to perceived sexual interest discrepancy during the first phase of the pandemic in a large-scale online sample of partnered individuals (n = 4813; Mage = 38.5 years, SD = 10.74) recruited between May and July 2020 in seven European Union countries and Turkey. We also examined the possible role of approach/avoidance motives for sex in reported changes in sexual interest and associated distress. Most participants (53%) reported no change in their sexual interest during the pandemic, followed by those who reported an increase (28.5%). The pattern was similar across the eight countries. Distress about discrepant sexual interest, which was only weakly related to changes in sexual interest, was significantly associated with relationship quality and emotional closeness with a partner, coping with and worrying about the pandemic, and specific motivation for sex. In contrast to avoidant and relationship-focused approach motivation, ego-focused approach motivation was related to stable sexual interest during the pandemic. The current study contributes to the understanding of the link between sexual interest and complex emergencies. Considering that the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the reported experiences and perceptions are prone to change.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Learning to suppress a location does not depend on knowing which location
Get PDFThe present study investigated whether explicit knowledge and awareness regarding the regularities present in the display
afects statistical learning (SL) in visual search. Participants performed the additional singleton paradigm in which a salient distractor was presented much more often in one location than in all other locations. Previous studies have shown that
participants learn this regularity as the location that is most likely to contain a distractor becomes suppressed relative to all
other locations. In the current study, after each trial, participants had to either indicate the location of the distractor or the
location of the target. Those participants that reported the distractor location, were very much aware of the regularity present
in the display. However, participants that reported the target location were basically unaware of the regularity regarding
the distractor. The results showed no diference between these groups in the amount of suppression of the high-probability
location. This indicates that regardless of whether participants had explicit knowledge or not, the suppression was basically
the same. We conclude that explicit knowledge and awareness does not contribute to learning to suppress a location. This
conclusion is consistent with the notion that statistical learning is automatic, operating without conscious efort or awareness.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Predicting effective adaptation to breast cancer to help women BOUNCE back: Protocol for a Multicenter Clinical Pilot Study
Get PDFBackground: Despite the continued progress of medicine, dealing with breast cancer is becoming a major socioeconomic
challenge, particularly due to its increasing incidence. The ability to better manage and adapt to the entire care process depends
not only on the type of cancer but also on the patient’s sociodemographic and psychological characteristics as well as on the
social environment in which a person lives and interacts. Therefore, it is important to understand which factors may contribute
to successful adaptation to breast cancer. To our knowledge, no studies have been performed on the combination effect of multiple
psychological, biological, and functional variables in predicting the patient’s ability to bounce back from a stressful life event, such as a breast cancer diagnosis. Here we describe the study protocol of a multicenter clinical study entitled “Predicting Effective
Adaptation to Breast Cancer to Help Women to BOUNCE Back” or, in short, BOUNCE.
Objective: The aim of the study is to build a quantitative mathematical model of factors associated with the capacity for optimal
adjustment to cancer and to study resilience through the cancer continuum in a population of patients with breast cancer.
Methods: A total of 660 women with breast cancer will be recruited from five European cancer centers in Italy, Finland, Israel,
and Portugal. Biomedical and psychosocial variables will be collected using the Noona Healthcare platform. Psychosocial,
sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables will be measured every 3 months, starting from presurgery assessment (ie,
baseline) to 18 months after surgery. Temporal data mining, time-series prediction, sequence classification methods, clustering
time-series data, and temporal association rules will be used to develop the predictive model.
Results: The recruitment process stared in January 2019 and ended in November 2021. Preliminary results have been published
in a scientific journal and are available for consultation on the BOUNCE project website. Data analysis and dissemination of the
study results will be performed in 2022.
Conclusions: This study will develop a predictive model that is able to describe individual resilience and identify different
resilience trajectories along the care process. The results will allow the implementation of tailored interventions according to
patients’ needs, supported by eHealth technologies.
Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05095675; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05095675
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/34564info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A influência das características implícas de idade no recrumento e a imutabilidade associada aos trabalhadores mais velhos
No full textDissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para
obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia Social e das Organizações.O envelhecimento populacional tem sido um dos grandes desafios da atualidade, sabendo
que as pessoas são coagidas a trabalhar até mais tarde motivadas na sua essência por
questões financeiras. Tendo vindo a ser documentada a discriminação contra os
trabalhadores mais velhos em processos de recrutamento, achou-se importante analisar
como as características estereotípicas de uma faixa etária influenciam a contratação de
um colaborador com uma idade mais avançada dependentemente das características da
função. Tendo como base a preferência implícita por jovens em relação aos mais velhos
e também que a juventude é associada a maiores níveis de competência, espera-se que os
jovens sejam julgados como mais adequados à contratação. No entanto, espera-se também
que os trabalhadores mais velhos podem ser avaliados de forma mais positiva se as
características da função forem consistentes com o estereotipo de idoso. Para testar estas
hipóteses, realizou-se um estudo com um total de 140 participantes, todas eles de
nacionalidade portuguesa, onde foi pedido que julgassem a adequação da contratação de
um candidato a uma vaga, sendo distribuídos num total de 6 condições que variavam em
Perfil do Trabalhador (trabalhador mais velhos vs. trabalhador jovem) e em Informações
de Idade do candidato (perfil sem informação de idade vs. perfil com 25 anos vs. perfil
com 56 anos). Os resultados foram de encontro as hipóteses colocadas e discute-se ainda
as implicações para o mundo do trabalho e os possíveis enviesamentos do estudoABSTRACT: The aging population has been one of the great challenges of today, knowing that people
are coerced to work until later in life motivated in essence by financial issues. As
discrimination against older workers in recruitment processes has been documented, it
was felt important to analyze how stereotypical characteristics of an age group influence
the hiring of an older employee depending on the characteristics of the job. Based on the
implicit preference for young over older people and also that youth is associated with
higher levels of competence, it is expected that young people will be judged as more
suitable for hiring. However, it is also expected that older workers may be judged more
positively if the job characteristics are consistent with the elderly stereotype. To test these
hypotheses, we conducted a study with a total of 140 participants, all of them of
Portuguese nationality, where they were asked to judge the appropriateness of hiring a
candidate for a vacancy and were given a total of 6 conditions that varied in Employee
Profile (older vs. younger worker) and Candidate Age Information (profile with no age
information vs. 25 years old vs. 56 years old profile). The results were in line with the
hypotheses and the implications for the world of work and possible biases of the study
are discussed
A relação entre a paixão, a atração física e a amizade.
No full textDissertação de Mestrado
apresentado no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para
obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de
Psicologia ClínicaNum período em que surgem novas formas de os indivíduos se relacionarem, em que os
conceitos de amizade e atração física nas relações amorosas reclamam a atualização das suas
definições e em que os laços afetivos acarretam com o peso da mudança constante, torna-se
fundamental trazer novos pontos de vista para a sua compreensão. Desta forma, a presente investigação tem como principal objetivo estudar a relação entre a paixão, a atração física e a
amizade prévia. A amostra deste estudo foi constituída por 345 indivíduos, 112 do sexo masculino e 233 do sexo feminino. Para este estudo foi utilizado um Questionário Sociodemográfico, a Escala do Amor Apaixonado (PLS), o Questionário da Paixão Sexual em Relacionamentos Comprometidos e uma adaptação da Escala da Qualidade da Amizade (FQUA). A atração
física prévia ao relacionamento correlaciona-se com uma melhor qualidade da amizade prévia
e um menor tempo de amizade antes do relacionamento. A qualidade da amizade prévia ao
relacionamento está associada a níveis de atração física durante o relacionamento e paixão mais
elevados, particularmente com a paixão harmoniosa. A paixão obsessiva e inibida, tendem a
diminuir quanto maior for a qualidade da amizade prévia. Quando a atração física no relacionamento aumenta, a paixão harmoniosa também aumenta e a inibida diminui. Apenas nos homens se verificou que quanto maior o tempo de amizade prévia, maior a paixão harmoniosa.
Os resultados mostram, então, que há uma interligação entre a qualidade da amizade prévia ao
relacionamento e a paixão e atração física que ocorrem posteriormente no relacionamento.ABSTRACT: In a period in which new ways of how individuals relate to each other emerge, where
the concepts of friendship and physical attraction in love relationships demand an update of
their definitions, and in which affective ties carry the weight of constant change, it becomes
essential to bring new points of view for their understanding. In this way, the present investigation has as its main objective to study the relationship between passion, physical attraction,
and previous friendship. The sample of this study consisted of 345 individuals, 112 males, and
233 females. For this study, a Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Passionate Love Scale
(PLS), the Questionnaire of Sexual Passion in Committed Relationships, and an adaptation of
the Friendship Quality Scale (FQUA) were used. Pre-relationship physical attraction correlates
with a better pre-relationship friendship quality and a shorter pre-relationship friendship time.
The quality of friendship before the relationship is associated with higher levels of physical
attraction and passion during the relationship, particularly with harmonious passion. Obsessive
and inhibited passion tend to diminish with the greater the quality of the previous friendship.
When physical attraction in the relationship increases, harmonious passion also increases and
inhibited passion decreases. Only in men it was found that the longer the time of previous
friendship, the greater the harmonious passion. The results then show that there is an interconnection between the quality of friendship prior to the relationship and the passion and physical
attraction that occur later in the relationship
A influência da cultura organizacional na relação entre a resistência à mudança e o desempenho percecionado em empresas familiares e não familiares
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.A constante evolução dos mercados contribuiu para que as empresas familiares
reajustassem o seu modelo de negócio, afastando-se dos setores tradicionais, para estarem
presentes em domínios mais modernos, como serviços e indústrias. Associada à evolução, surge
a necessidade de identificar e compreender os comportamentos e processos inerentes às
empresas familiares e não familiares.
O presente estudo, procura incrementar o conhecimento sobre as variáveis Cultura
Organizacional, Resistência à Mudança e Desempenho Percecionado, explorando as diferenças
existentes entre empresas familiares e empresas não familiares, procurando ainda avaliar o
impacto da Resistência à Mudança no Desempenho Percecionado e se tal impacto é mediado
pela Cultura Organizacional, num contexto de empresas familiares e não familiares.
A amostra total é composta por 138 participantes, dos quais 66 pertencem a empresas
familiares e 72 a empresas não familiares.
Os resultados obtidos revelam que não existem diferenças significativas entre
empresas familiares e empresas não familiares relativamente às três variáveis em estudo.
Verifica-se que a Resistência à Mudança impacta significativamente de forma negativa o
Desempenho Percecionado dos colaboradores, apenas em empresas familiares, uma vez que tal
evidência não foi corroborada em empresas não familiares. O efeito de mediação da variável
Cultura Organizacional sobre a relação Resistência à Mudança e Desempenho Percecionado,
não se revelou significativo no contexto de empresas familiares e empresas não familiares.
Conclui-se que apesar de não existir total corroboração das questões de investigação e
das hipóteses, o presente estudo contribui de forma significativa para a compreensão das
variáveis no contexto de empresas familiares e empresas não familiares.The constant evolution of the markets has contributed to family companies to readjust
their business model, moving away from traditional sectors, to be present in more modern areas,
such as services and industries. Associated with evolution, there is a need to identify and
understand the behaviors and processes inherent to family and non-family businesses.
The present study seeks to increase knowledge about the variables Organizational
Culture, Resistance to Change and Perceived Performance, exploring the differences between
family businesses and non-family businesses, also seeking to assess the impact of Resistance
to Change on Perceived Performance and whether such impact is mediated by Organizational
Culture in a context of family and non-family businesses.
The total sample is composed by 138 participants, of which 66 belong to family
businesses and 72 to non-family businesses.
The results obtained reveal that there are no significant differences between family
businesses and non-family businesses regarding the three variables under study. It appears that
Resistance to Change significantly negatively impacts the Perceived Performance of
employees, only in family businesses, since such evidence was not corroborated in non-family
businesses. The mediation effect of the Organizational Culture variable on the Resistance to
Change and Perceived Performance relationship was not significant in the context of family
businesses and non-family businesses.
It is concluded that although there is no corroboration of the research questions and
hypotheses, the present study contributes significantly to the understanding of the variables in
the context of family businesses and non-family businesses.Family Business; Non-Family Business; Organizational Culture; Resistance to
Change; Percieved Performanc