Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida

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    Open to Work or close to work? O impacto do selo open to work na probabilidade de contratação de um perfil profissional no LinkedIn

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    Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de analisar a relação entre o uso do selo “Open to work” e a probabilidade de contratação de um perfil em contexto de pré-seleção via LinkedIn. Adicionalmente, foi testado o papel moderador da senioridade e da área do candidato nesta relação e se os efeitos são mediados pela competência e simpatia percebida do candidato. A amostra é constituída por 181 participantes com idades compreendidas entre os 18-66 anos (M = 38.84, DP = 13.84). Através de um questionário online, os participantes foram colocados numa posição de contratação, onde cada um observou um dos oito perfis fictícios, manipulados para o estudo. Para este efeito, foram manipuladas as variáveis, selo (selo vs. sem selo), senioridade (sénior vs. júnior) e área (TI vs. Gestão). Após a análise do perfil, foi pedido para indicar a probabilidade de contratação do mesmo e, posteriormente para responder aos itens relacionados com a competência e simpatia percebida do perfil. Os resultados demonstram que a utilização do selo levou a uma menor probabilidade de contratação, mas apenas para candidatos Seniores na área de T.I, sugerindo que a interação entre o selo e a probabilidade de contratação, é moderada pela senioridade e área. Análises de mediação evidenciam que, quando um candidato sénior de T.I utiliza o selo é percebido como menos competente, levando a uma menor probabilidade de contratação, estando este efeito a ser mediado pela habilidade/competência percebida. Foi realizada uma apreciação, discussão global e apresentadas implicações teóricas e práticas, limitações e sugestões para estudos futuros.This study aims to analyze the relationship between the use of the "Open to work" feature and the probability of hiring a profile in a pre-selection context via LinkedIn. Additionally, the role of séniority and area of the candidate in this relationship was tested and whether the effects are mediated by perceived competence and warmth. The sample consists of 181 participants ranging in age from 18-66 (M = 38.84, SD = 13.84). Using an online questionnaire, participants were placed in a hiring position, where each of the participants observed one of eight fictitious profiles, manipulated for the study. For this purpose, the variables, feature (feature vs. un feature), séniority (sénior vs. júnior), and area (IT vs. Management) were manipulated. After analyzing the profile, they were asked to indicate the probability of hiring the profile, and then to respond to items related to the profile's perceived competence and warmth. The results show that the use of the feature led to a lower probability of hiring, but only for sénior I.T. candidates, suggesting that the interaction between the feature and the probability of hiring is moderated by séniority and area. Mediation analyses highlight that when a sénior I.T. candidate uses the feature they are perceived as less competent, leading to a lower probability of hire, with this effect being mediated by perceived skill/competence. An appreciation, overall discussion is made and theoretical and practical implications, limitations, and suggestions for future studies are presented

    Higher education students’ achievement emotions and their antecedents in e-learning amid COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-country survey

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    The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a wide range of negative consequences for higher education students. We explored the generalizability of the control-value theory of achievement emotions for e-learning, focusing on their antecedents. We involved 17019 higher education students from 13 countries, who completed an online survey during the first wave of the pandemic. A structural equation model revealed that proximal antecedents (e-learning self-efficacy, computer self-efficacy) mediated the relation between environmental antecedents (cognitive and motivational quality of the task) and positive and negative achievement emotions, with some exceptions. The model was invariant across country, area of study, and gender. The rates of achievement emotions varied according to these same factors. Beyond their theoretical relevance, these findings could be the basis for policy recommendations to support stakeholders in coping with the challenges of e-learning and the current and future sequelae of the pandemic.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Imagined and extended contact experiences and adolescent bystanders' behavioral intentions in homophobic bullying episodes

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    Bystanders' helping interventions in bias‐based bullying are rare, although they have the potential to intervene on behalf of the victim and quickly stop the aggression. Two studies tested, experimentally, the impact of adolescents' imagined (Study 1, N = 113, Mage = 16.17) and extended contact experiences (Study 2, N = 174, Mage = 15.79) on assertive bystanders' behavioral intentions in the context of homophobic bullying, an under‐ researched but highly detrimental behavior that emerges mainly during early adolescence. Potential mediators (empathic concern, social contagion concerns, and masculinity/ femininity threat) were also examined. Results showed that female younger participants revealed more behavioral intentions to help victims of homophobic bullying when asked to imagine an interaction with an outgroup member (Study 1). Younger participants revealed less masculinity/femininity threat in the positive extended contact condition, and female participants revealed less empathic concern in the negative extended contact condition (Study 2). Overall, these findings identify specific conditions (e.g., younger females) where indirect contact interventions (i.e., extended and imagined) are likely to have a stronger impact. Age and sex differences were found to illustrate how adolescents vary in their behavioral intentions, empathic concern, and threat; and also highlight the need to further examine age and sex differences regarding responses to homophobic bullying episodes.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    A colaboração de bibliotecários em equipas de investigação em saúde e os desafios do mundo digital: Uma revisão da literatura

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    Methods to detect spatial biases in tracking studies caused by differential representativeness of individuals, populations and time

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    Aim Over the last decades, the study of movement through tracking data has grown exceeding the expectations of movement ecologists. This has posed new challenges, specifically when using individual tracking data to infer higher-level distributions (e.g. population and species). Sources of variability such as individual site fidelity (ISF), environmental stochasticity over time, and space-use variability across species ranges must be considered, and their effects identified and corrected, to produce accurate estimates of spatial distribution using tracking data. Innovation We developed R functions to detect the effect of these sources of variability in the distribution of animal groups when inferred from individual tracking data. These procedures can be adapted for their use in most tracking datasets and tracking techniques. We demonstrated our procedures with simulated datasets and showed their applicability on a real-world dataset containing 1346 year-round migratory trips from 805 individuals of three closely related seabird species breeding in 34 colonies in the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, spanning 10 years. We detected an effect of ISF in one of the colonies, but no effect of the environmental stochasticity on the distribution of birds for any of the species. We also identified among-colony variability in nonbreeding space use for one species, with significant effects of population size and longitude. Main conclusions This work provides a useful, much-needed tool for researchers using animal tracking data to model species distributions or establish conservation measures. This methodology may be applied in studies using individual tracking data to accurately infer the distribution of a population or species and support the delineation of important areas for conservation based on tracking data. This step, designed to precede any analysis, has become increasingly relevant with the proliferation of studies using large tracking datasets that has accompanied the globalization process in science driving collaborations and tracking data sharing initiatives.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Pessimistic cognitive bias is associated with enhanced reproductive investment in female zebrafish

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    Optimistic and pessimistic cognitive biases have been described in many animals and are related to the perceived valence of the environment. We, therefore, hypothesize that such cognitive bias can be adaptive depending on environmental conditions. In reward-rich environments, an optimistic bias would be favoured, whereas in harsh environments, a pessimistic one would thrive. Here, we empirically investigated the potential adaptive value of such bias using zebrafish as a model. We first phenotyped female zebrafish in an optimistic/pessimistic axis using a previously validated judgement bias assay. Optimistic and pessimistic females were then exposed to an unpredictable chronic stress protocol for 17 days, after which fish were euthanized and the sectional area of the different ovarian structures was quantified in both undisturbed and stressed groups. Our results show that zebrafish ovarian development responded to chronic stress, and that judgement bias impacted the relative area of the vitellogenic developmental stage, with pessimists showing higher vitellogenic areas as compared with optimists. These results suggest that pessimism maximizes reproductive investment, through increased vitellogenesis, indicating a relationship between cognitive bias and life-history organismal decisions.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Validação do Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) para a população portuguesa

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    Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia ClínicaAo longo dos anos, a prevalência da depressão a nível mundial tem vindo a aumentar. Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, estima-se que mais de 300 milhões de pessoas sofrem de depressão, o equivalente a 4,4% da população mundial (WHO, 2017). O que leva à necessidade de haver instrumentos válidos que permitam a sua deteção rápida. Objetivo: Rever os instrumentos que medem a depressão e selecionar os instrumentos ideais que tornem acessível aos profissionais de saúde formas de avaliação rápida e válida do estado de saúde mental dos pacientes, assim como do seu progresso terapêutico. Método: Foram recolhidos instrumentos através das bases de dados “Ebsco” e “Web of Science”, e através do Website PsychologyTools. Resultados: Foram encontrados 14 instrumentos diferentes. Após a definição dos critérios ideais para a avaliação do estado de saúde dos pacientes e respetiva monitorização do seu progresso terapêutico, identificou-se o instrumento “Patient Health Questionnaire-9”, como o instrumento ideal, por ser o único que preenchia todos os critérios

    Discover the ocean with Kids dive: Impact of a digital ocean education program during COVID-19 pandemic

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    Thesis for the attainment of the degree of master’s in marine biology and ConservationO programa Kids Dive é um programa prático de literacia do oceano que inclui atividades subaquáticas. Durante a pandemia da Covid-19, foi totalmente substituído por um programa virtual para fazer face às restrições sociais impostas na altura. O novo programa envolveu escolas-alvo em atividades como: uma experiência de mergulho com máscaras de realidade virtual em cartão (VR360); sessões de campo ao vivo a partir de margens rochosas intertidais locais, e visitas virtuais guiadas ao Oceanário e ao Jardim Zoológico de Lisboa. O impacto deste programa virtual foi avaliado através de inquéritos ao nível de literacia do oceano, das atitudes e comportamento dos estudantes em relação à proteção marinha, e avaliando também a curiosidade para continuar a explorar o oceano com mergulho autónomo. Os 201 inquéritos válidos de pré e pós-programa foram distribuídos igualmente entre géneros e incluíram estudantes do 8º ao 11º ano de diferentes regiões de Portugal Continental. Foi observado um efeito positivo e significativo relativamente ao aumento geral da literacia do oceano, com impacto sobretudo nos alunos do 8º e 10º ano, realçando o importante papel da educação informal nas escolas. Este programa não trouxe mudanças significativas nas atitudes ambientais dos estudantes, mas considera-se que as mudanças comportamentais foram limitadas durante o tempo de confinamento social. Foram encontradas diferenças notáveis relativas à curiosidade de continuar a explorar o oceano com ferramentas virtuais. No futuro, a junção de atividades práticas e virtuais poderá aumentar o impacto dos programas de educação, adaptável a situações de confinamento pandémico.ABSTRACT.: Every year, millions of children are victims of child abuse. In Portugal, in 2020, around 70 thousand processes were introduced to promote and protect children and young people at risk or in danger. It is extremely important to study this problem, so that it is possible to effectively prevent this phenomenon and minimize its consequences. In the present study, we explore the relationship between the experience of childhood maltreatment and altruistic attitudes and behaviors, as well as the relationship of these two variables with empathy, in the Portuguese adult population. Thus, 507 individuals of Portuguese nationality participated in this study. Data collection should be based on self-report instruments, namely the Childhood Trauma Assessment Questionnaire – Short version, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Altruistic Attitudes Scale and a performance instrument – Reading the mind in the eyes (RMET). The results revealed several statistically significant associations between the different components of each variable. From the linear regressions performed, it is highlighted that emotional neglect is a negative predictor of all dimensions of the scale of Altruistic Attitudes and Behaviors. We also verified that different forms of abuse (sexual, physical and emotional) are positive predictors of several dimensions of the Altruistic Behaviors and Attitudes scale and Empathy proved to be a motivator of altruistic behaviors and attitudes

    Fatores de proteção e risco para alterações psicossociais do adolescente durante o COVID-19

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    Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.O objetivo do presente estudo é apresentar uma revisão crítica de literatura, sobre o impacto e os efeitos da pandemia causada pela COVID-19, junto de adolescentes e quais as estratégias que eles desenvolveram para lidar melhor com a pandemia da COVID-19. Com o intuito de sumarizar os seus principais resultados e servir de base para investigações futuras foi, primeiramente, realizada uma análise das palavras-chave consideradas relevantes para o estudo, considerando alguns desafios pré-pandémicos já existentes, agrupados em 7 categorias distintas: resiliência, capacidades, adaptabilidade, enfrentamento, fatores protetores, fatores de risco e saúde mental. Cumprindo com o objetivo proposto, foram selecionados e analisados 18 artigos científicos, entre março de 2020 ao atual ano de 2022, onde se pretendeu conhecer e explorar quais os aspetos e fatores mais impactantes e desafiantes que esta pandemia está a causar nas vidas dos adolescentes. Destaca-se a relevância desta temática para as capacidades e a resiliência que os jovens usaram para enfrentar o período do confinamento que foram usados como fatores de proteção.ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present study is to present a critical review of the literature, on the impact and effects of the pandemic caused by COVID-19, with adolescents and what strategies they have come up with to better deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to summarize its main results and serve as a basis for future investigations, an analysis of the keywords considered relevant to the study was first carried out, considering some existing pre-pandemic challenges, grouped into 7 distinct categories: resilience, capabilities, adaptability, coping, protective factors, risk factors and mental health. Fulfilling the proposed objective, 18 scientific articles were selected and analyzed, between March 2020 to the current year 2022, where it was intended to know and explore which aspects and factors are more impacting and challenging what this pandemic has having on the lives of teenagers. The relevance of this theme for the capabilities and resilience that young people used to face the period of confinement, which were used as protective factors, is highlighted

    Estilos educativos parentais e ajustamento psicológico na adolescência: Uma abordagem dimensional

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    Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de Grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Educacional.O presente trabalho desenvolveu-se através de uma abordagem dimensional, com o objetivo de compreender que relações se estabelecem entre os estilos educativos parentais percebidos pelos adolescentes e o seu ajustamento psicológico, a par de paralelamente, se propor a analisar como se caracterizam e diferenciam estes constructos mediante o efeito de algumas variáveis. Este estudo de design transversal estruturou-se através de uma metodologia de carácter quantitativo, do tipo correlacional e comparativo, no qual colaboraram 118 estudantes com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos e com frequência do 3.º ciclo do Ensino Básico e Ensino Secundário, de duas escolas públicas. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um protocolo online, constituído pelo Questionário de Estilos Educativos Parentais revisto (QEEP-r); e Questionário de Avaliação da Personalidade para Crianças e Adolescentes (QAP). Os principais resultados sugerem congruência com os estudos realizados anteriormente, onde (1) os adolescentes percecionam os estilos educativos parentais de forma diferenciada para o pai e para a mãe, sendo que (2) as mães são percebidas pelas raparigas com níveis mais elevados de clima positivo. Em termos do seu ajustamento psicológico, os estudantes revelaram que (3) é no 3.º ciclo que se percecionam níveis mais elevados de dependência, enquanto que (4) no ensino secundário se evidencia uma visão mais negativa do mundo, sendo ainda (5) as raparigas quem se percebe como mais dependente e com menor autoestima. Como principal conclusão (6) verificou-se existir uma correlação negativa significativa entre os estilos educativos parentais e o desajustamento psicológico nos adolescentes, constatando-se que a forma como é percecionado o funcionamento dos progenitores está de fato associado ao bem-estar do individuo.ABSTRACT: The present research was developed through a dimensional approach, with the purpose of understanding what relationships are established between the parenting styles perceived by adolescents and their psychological adjustment, as well as analyzing how these constructs are characterized and differentiated through the effect of some variables. Regarding the methodology, this quantitative cross-sectional study was structured through correlational and comparative methods, with 118 students aged between 12 and 18 years old and attending the Middle School and High School, from two public schools. Data were collected from an online protocol, consisting of the Parenting Behavior Questionnaire revised (QEEP-r); and Personality Assessment Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (QAP). The main results suggest congruence with previous studies, considering that (1) adolescents perceive parenting styles differently for fathers and mothers, and (2) mothers are perceived by girls with higher levels of positive climate. In terms of their psychological adjustment, the students revealed that (3) it’s in Midlle School that higher levels of dependence are perceived, while (4) in High School a more negative view of the world is evident, and that (5) girls perceive themselves as more dependent and with lower self-esteem. As a main conclusion (6) it was verified that there is a significant negative correlation between the parenting educational styles and psychological maladjustment in adolescents, confirming that the way in which the functioning of the parents is perceived is in fact associated with an individual well-being

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