Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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The dark side of the leaders: Relação entre traços de psicopatia, satisfação laboral em empresas familiares e não-familiares
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA –
Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Social e das Organizações.Esta tese tem como objetivo estudar traços de psicopatia em líderes formais de
Empresas Familiares e Não Familiares em Portugal, os seus níveis de satisfação laboral e,
adicionalmente, perceber se estes traços de psicopatia nos líderes formais afetam a satisfação
laboral dos colaboradores. Com este estudo, é esperado detetar diferenças significativas de
psicopatia primária nos líderes formais (1) e da satisfação laboral (2) dos colaboradores entre
as Empresas Não Familiares e as Empresas Familiares. Também se espera provar que os
resultados elevados na psicopatia primária dos líderes formais estão relacionados com níveis
de satisfação mais baixos nos colaboradores e subordinados (3). Neste estudo, a amostra é
composta de 95 participantes, dos quais 42 são colaboradores de Empresas Familiares. Os
participantes foram submetidos a três instrumentos: LSRP-VP, F-PEC Scale e o MSQ-VP.
Com base nos estudos realizados e conforme as hipóteses enumeradas, partindo-se da
análise dos dados recolhidos nos inquéritos elaborados, concluiu-se que existe uma diferença
significativa na psicopatia primária entre os líderes formais de Empresa Familiares e Não
Familiares (1). Contudo, foi possível constatar que não existe uma diferença significativa na
satisfação laboral dos diferentes colaboradores, nos dois tipos de empresas estudados (2). Foi
possível perceber também, que existe uma relação significativa e negativa entre a psicopatia
primária dos líderes formais e a satisfação laboral, o que pode ter impacto na eficácia do
colaborador e posteriormente na empresa em si (3).This thesis project aims to study psychopathy traits among managers of
Family and Non-Family Businesses in Portugal, their levels of job satisfaction and,
additionally, to understand if these psychopathy traits among managers affect
employees' job satisfaction. With this study, it is expected to detect significant
differences in the primary psychopathy of managers (1) and in the job satisfaction
(2) of employees between non-family and family businesses. It is also expected to
prove that high scores in the primary psychopathy of bosses are related to lower
satisfaction levels in employees and subordinates (3). In this study, the sample
consists of 95 participants, of which 42 are employees of Family Businesses. The
participants were subjected to three instruments: LSRP-VP, F-PEC Scale and the
MSQ-VP.
Based on the studies carried out and according to the hypotheses listed and
based on the analysis of the data collected in the surveys, it was concluded that there
is a significant difference in primary psychopathy between Family and Non-Family
Company Managers (1). However, it was possible to see that there is no significant
difference in job satisfaction among the different employees in the two types of
companies studied (2). It was also possible to see that there is a significant and
negative relationships between the primary psychopathy of managers and job
satisfaction, which may have an impact on the effectiveness of the employee and
subsequently on the company itself (3)
“Eu também tenho de fazer o meu coming out!” Trajetórias emocionais de mães e pais com filhos/filhas trans
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no
Ispa – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia e Psicopatologia do
Desenvolvimento.A afirmação da identidade de género é um fator significativo para o bem-estar de
jovens trans. Todavia, este sentimento interno não reflete o sentimento da sociedade. As
pessoas trans são alvo de discriminação social, sendo fator protetor do seu bem-estar
psicológico o suporte parental. Contudo, estas possuem menos suporte parental
comparando com pessoas cisgénero. Esta investigação explora o processo emocional
parental após o coming out do/a filho/a como trans. Foi recrutada uma amostra de doze
participantes, nove mães e três pais com filhos/as trans, maioritariamente através da
Associação AMPLOS. Realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas e a técnica da linha de
vida, via Zoom e presencialmente. Analisaram-se as entrevistas através da Análise
Temática e foram identificados cinco temas e dois subtemas. Constataram-se duas
trajetórias emocionais distintas: a dos pais e a das mães. As mães sentem Perda,
explicando, em parte, o Assoberbamento Emocional também experienciado. Estas entram
em Conflito Emocional, pois necessitam de Ajustamento Emocional, mas também têm
Preocupações / Necessidade de Apoiar os/as filhos/as. Os pais revelam Inexistência de
Sensação de Perda, focando-se nas Preocupações / Necessidade de Apoio aos/às filhos/as.
Quer os pais quer as mães têm como prioridade o Foco na Felicidade e Bom
Desenvolvimento dos/as filhos/as. Conclui-se que a experiência emocional parental é
complexa, podendo dificultar a disponibilidade necessária para apoiar os/as jovens,
desejável para promover o seu desenvolvimento adaptativo. Os pais e as mães podem
necessitar de suporte psicológico que será facilitado pela melhor compreensão da sua
experiência emocional, que se espera ter clarificado com este estudo.ABSTRACT: The affirmation of gender identity is a significant factor in the well-being of
transgender youth. However, this internal feeling does not reflect the feeling of society.
Trans people are the target of social discrimination, and parental support is a protective
factor of their psychological well-being. However, they have less parental support
compared to cisgender people. This study explores the parental emotional process after
the coming out of their child as trans. A sample of twelve participants, nine mothers and
three fathers with trans children, was collected, mostly through the AMPLOS
Association. Semi-structured interviews and the lifeline technique were conducted via
Zoom and in person. The interviews were analysed through Thematic Analysis and five
themes and two sub-themes were identified. Two distinct emotional trajectories were
found: the fathers’ and the mothers’. Mothers feel Loss, explaining, in part, their
Emotional Overwhelm. They feel an Emotional Conflict, as they need Emotional
Adjustment, but they also have Concerns / Need to Support their children. Fathers reveal
No Sense of Loss, focusing on Concerns / Need to Support their children. Both fathers
and mothers prioritize the Focus on Happiness and Good Development of their children.
It is concluded that the parental emotional experience is complex and may hinder the
availability necessary to support their trans children, which is desirable to promote their
adaptive development. Parental psychological support may be necessary and it might be
facilitated by a better understanding of their emotional experience, aimed to clarify in this
study
Primeiro confinamento devido à COVID-19: Alterações nos comportamentos de adicção às redes sociais e no funcionamento sexual
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa
– Instituto Universitário para a obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.A pandemia de Covid-19 trouxe uma série de novos desafios e consequências para a
saúde mental. Este período obrigou os sujeitos a entrarem em confinamento e alterou o dia a
dia de toda a população, inclusive em Portugal. Os objetivos deste estudo são avaliar de que
forma o primeiro confinamento devido à Covid-19 influenciou o funcionamento sexual e a
adicção às redes sociais e examinar a correlação entre as alterações no funcionamento sexual e
na adicção às redes sociais. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 771 participantes (631
mulheres e 140 homens). Utilizaram-se as seguintes medidas com o formato de resposta
adaptado para detetar alterações em relação ao período pré-confinamento: Escala de Isolamento
Social (PROMIS), Internet Addiction Test (IAT) adaptado às redes sociais, Female Sexual
Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale – Revised (FSDS-R) e o International
Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Para ambos os sexos, encontrou-se uma correlação entre
agravamento da adicção às redes sociais, por um lado e agravamento do distress sexual e pioria
do funcionamento sexual, por outro. O agravamento da adicção às redes sociais correlacionouse com aumento da frequência de visualização de pornografia e de cibersexo para ambos. No
grupo masculino, a frequência de masturbação a sós, visualização de pornografia e desejo de
masturbação aumentou, enquanto o contrário aconteceu para o grupo feminino. De um modo
geral, para homens e mulheres, a função sexual melhorou, o desejo de ter relações sexuais
aumentou, os sentimentos de solidão aumentaram e a adicção às redes sociais diminuiu.The Covid-19 pandemic has brought a series of new challenges and consequences for
mental health. This period forced the subjects to go into lockdown and changed the daily life
of the entire population, including Portugal. The aims of this study are to assess how the first
lockdown due to Covid-19 influenced sexual functioning and social media addiction and to
examine the correlation between changes in sexual functioning and social media addiction. The
sample of this study consisted of 771 participants (631 women and 140 men). The following
measures with the adapted response format were used to detect changes in relation to the preconfinement period: Social Isolation Scale (PROMIS), Internet Addiction Test (IAT) adapted
to social networks, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale –
Revised (FSDS-R) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). For both sexes, a
correlation was found between worsening addiction to social networks, on the one hand, and
worsening sexual distress and worsening sexual functioning, on the other. The worsening of
addiction to social networks was correlated with an increase in the frequency of viewing
pornography and cybersex for both. In the male group, the frequency of solo masturbation,
viewing pornography and desire for masturbation increased, while the opposite happened for
the female group. Overall, for both men and women, sexual function improved, the desire to
have sex increased, feelings of loneliness increased, and addiction to social media decreased
Loneliness profiles in adolescence: Associations with sex and social adjustment to the peer group
Get PDFLoneliness is a complex feeling associated with socio-emotional adjustment difficulties, particularly during adolescence.
Such construct is often treated as unidimensional rather than multidimensional, moreover, studies consisting of both peer and
family contexts, are very scarce. Adopting a multidimensional and person-centered approach, our study aimed to identify
distinct clusters of adolescents with similar patterns of social and emotional loneliness with peers and family and to examine
their differences in peer reported social adjustment, controlling for sex. Self-report and peer nomination data were collected
from 691 participants (48.36% boys) aged between 11 and 16 years (M = 12.95, SD = 1.15). After controlling for age and
preference for solitude, results revealed four clusters with specific configurations of loneliness forms and with different
associations with positive or negative features of social adjustment to peer group. Two clusters exhibited adaptive profiles
(lower vulnerability to maladjustment): less-lonely, and family-related loneliness profile, in which adolescents were viewed
by peers as exhibiting more prosocial behaviors. The other two clusters displayed maladaptive profiles (higher vulnerability
to maladjustment): more-lonely, and peer-related loneliness profile, in which adolescents were more likely viewed by their
peers as socially withdrawn, peer-excluded, and peer-victimized. Additionally, our results revealed sex differences, with
girls in the more-lonely profile showing significant higher social loneliness related to peer group, and higher social and
emotional loneliness in family context. Our results highlight the importance of recognizing different forms of loneliness
given the differences in adjustment to social contexts observed, shedding further light on this complex constructinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Mud-puddling on roadsides: a potential ecological trap for butterflies
Get PDFRoad-kill represents a major threat for butterflies and more generally for pollinators. Here we report an observation of conspicuous aggregations of butterflies mud-puddling on roadsides and, for this reason, being massively road-killed by farm vehicles.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCT; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Evidence of a functional clitoris in dolphins
No full textInexistenteFundação para a Ciência a Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Presença, aliança e atitudes dos clientes face à terapia online
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário, para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.Problema: A pandemia obrigou a várias mudanças que tiveram de ser implementadas
rapidamente. Uma delas foi a passagem dos acompanhamentos psicológicos do contexto
face-a-face para o contexto online. Esta mudança ocorreu sem que muitos clientes,
psicólogos e psicoterapeutas estivessem preparados para ela, ou tivessem intenção de a
realizar. Objetivos: Perceber qual a perspetiva dos clientes sobre 1) a presença
terapêutica online, 2) o estabelecimento da aliança terapêutica em contexto online, 3) as
suas atitudes face à terapia online e 4) a influencia da experiência prévia com terapia
online nas atitudes face à mesma. Método: A amostra é constituída por 225 participantes
(117 terapeutas e 108 clientes), com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 75 anos. A
recolha de dados decorreu totalmente online. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciam
níveis elevados de Presença e de Aliança Terapêutica tanto em terapeutas como em
clientes, e que as Atitudes dos Clientes face à Terapia Online são neutras. A experiência
prévia não demonstrou ter um efeito significativo nas Atitudes, na Presença e na Aliança
Terapêutica. Contudo, as Atitudes dos Clientes face à Terapia Online correlacionaram-se
e demonstraram ser preditoras da Presença e da Aliança Terapêutica dos Clientes, estando
também correlacionadas com a Presença Terapêutica dos Terapeutas. Conclusão: As
Atitudes dos Clientes face à Terapia Online, são um aspeto e um preditor importante da
Presença e da Aliança Terapêutica dos Clientes e da Presença dos Terapeutas, em
contexto online, e que por isso devem ser tidas em conta neste processo.Problem: The pandemic forced several changes that had to be implemented quickly. One
of them was the shift from face-to-face to online psychological counselling. This change
occurred without many clients, psychologists and psychotherapists being prepared for it,
or intending to make it. Objectives: To understand clients' perspectives on 1) the online
therapeutic presence, 2) the establishment of the therapeutic alliance in an online context,
3) their attitudes towards online therapy and 4) the influence of previous experience with
online therapy on attitudes towards it. Method: The sample consisted of 225 participants
(117 therapists and 108 clients), aged between 18 and 75 years. Data collection took place
entirely online. Results: The results show high levels of Presence and Therapeutic
Alliance in both therapists and clients, and that clients' Attitudes towards Online therapy
are neutral. Previous experience was not found to have a significant effect on Attitudes,
Presence and Therapeutic Alliance. However, client Attitudes toward Online Therapy
were correlated and shown to be predictors of client Presence and Therapeutic Alliance,
and also correlated with therapists' Therapeutic Presence. Conclusion: Client Attitudes
towards Online Therapy are an important aspect and predictor of Client Presence and
Therapeutic Alliance and Therapists' Presence in the online context and should therefore
be taken into account in this process
Prevalence of visual snow and relation to attentional absorption
Get PDFVisual snow is a condition of unclear prevalence characterized by tiny flickering dots throughout the entire visual field. It appears to result from visual cortex hyperactivity and possibly correlates with propensity to be engrossed in sensory and imaginary experiences (absorption). The prevalence and correlates of visual snow, and emotional reactions to it, were explored in the general Portuguese population with three studies with online surveys. In Study 1, 564 participants were shown an animated graphic simulation of visual snow and asked to rate how frequently they have similar percepts on a scale anchored by 0% and 100% of their waking time. They also reported their degree of distress and fascination resulting from visual snow. Absorption was measured with the Modified Tellegen Absorption Scale. 44% of respondents reported they see visual snow at least 10% of the time, and 20% reported seeing it between 80% and 100% of the time. Similar to findings in clinical samples, the frequency of visual snow correlated with tinnitus frequency and entoptic phenomena, but not with ophthalmologic problems. It was confirmed that visual snow is related to absorption. Although distress caused by visual snow was generally absent or minimal in our samples, a substantial minority (28%) reported moderate to high levels of distress. High fascination with visual snow was reported by 9%. In Studies 2 and 3, visual snow was measured by means of verbal descriptions without graphic simulation (“visual field full of tiny dots of light” and “world seen with many dots of light”, respectively). The results were similar to those in Study 1, but seeing visual snow 80%-100% of the time was less frequent (6.5% in Study 2 and 3.6% in Study 3). Visual snow has been insufficiently investigated. More research is needed to uncover underlying neurophysiological mechanisms and psychological and behavioral correlates.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Perceção e conhecimento de jovens que cometeram ofensas relativamente ao sistema de justiça juvenil
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa
– Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia ForensePor norma, o sistema de justiça juvenil tende a adotar uma linguagem pouco compreensível
para os/as jovens, com recurso a questões com um vocabulário técnico e complexo, o que pode
ter consequências na imagem que os/as jovens constroem acerca deste sistema. O presente
estudo tem como objetivo analisar a perceção e conhecimento de jovens que cometeram ofensas
em relação ao sistema de justiça juvenil. Para tal, optou-se por realizar um estudo de natureza
qualitativa, com recurso a uma entrevista semiestruturada, administrada a 16 jovens, quatro do
sexo feminino e 12 do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 20 anos,
que se encontravam a cumprir uma medida tutelar educativa não institucional na Equipa Lisboa
Tutelar Educativo 2. Os resultados revelaram o pouco conhecimento que os/as jovens
apresentam sobre o sistema de justiça, nomeadamente, sobre a Lei Tutelar Educativa, e a
perceção destes acerca de toda a experiência com o sistema de justiça. Apesar de esta, no geral,
revelar-se positiva, realçam-se aspetos negativos face à abordagem dos profissionais de justiça,
nomeadamente ao nível da linguagem. Por último, serão descritas as limitações do presente
estudo e apontadas sugestões para estudos futuros.ABSTRACT: As rule, the youth justice system tends to adopt a language that is barely understandable to
young people, using issues with a technical and complex vocabulary, which can have
consequences on the image that the young’s build about youth justice system. The present study
aims to analyse the perception and knowledge of young’s who have committed offenses in
relation to the juvenile justice system. To this end, it was decided to conduct a qualitative study,
using semi-structured interview, which as administered to 16 young people, four females and
12 males, aged between 14 and 20 years, who are complying with a non-institutional
educational tutelary measure in the Lisbon Educational tutelary team 2. The results reveal the
little knowledge that young people have about the justice system, namely about the educational
tutelary Law, the negatives aspects are highlighted in relation to the and their perception of all
the experience with the justice system, which is generally positive, the negative aspects are
highlighted in relation to the approach of legal professional, especially in terms of language. At
last, the limitations of the present study were described and suggestions for future studies were
pointed ou
Amizade como componente da rede de apoio no cenário dos transtornos alimentares
Get PDFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio