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Experiências perinatais em Portugal em tempo de pandemia COVID-19
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no
Ispa - Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na
especialidade de Psicologia Clínicaroblema: A pandemia COVID-19 tem mostrado ter tido um impacto profundo no bem-estar
psicossocial da mulher durante a gravidez, o parto e o pós-parto a nível global. Em Portugal as restrições
impostas no atendimento aos cuidados perinatais conduziram a uma mobilização social de contestação
sem precedentes, mostrando o descontentamento com as condições em que as mulheres e os seus bebés
estavam a ser acompanhados pelo sistema de saúde.
Objetivo: Este estudo propõe-se a explorar a experiência subjetiva da vivência da perinatalidade durante
o período de Pandemia COVID-19 em Portugal e perceber a acessibilidade e/ou recurso a cuidados de
saúde mental nesta fase.
Método: Foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa, através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas a sete
mulheres com experiência pessoal do ciclo perinatal em tempo de pandemia COVID-19. Os dados
recolhidos foram alvo de análise temática com recurso a software (MaxQDA).
Resultados: Foram desenvolvidos 3 temas: fatores protetores, fatores barreira, e experiência de parto.
Os fatores protetores com maior expressão, percebidos como facilitadores na experiência perinatal,
foram o sentimento de vivência das dinâmicas da família nuclear de forma segura e resguardada, o apoio
percebido do pai, o contacto com o bebé e a qualidade da relação com os prestadores de cuidados. Os
principais fatores barreira, percebidos como negativos na vivência perinatal, foram as mudanças nos
protocolos de prestação de cuidados perinatais, a incerteza quanto às consequências da infeção por
COVID-19, os desafios da reorganização da família nuclear, quadros de desconforto ou patologia
fisiológica, o afastamento social e a qualidade da interação com prestadores de cuidados. As restrições
protocolares no atendimento ao parto e a incerteza quanto às consequências do coronavírus levaram a
vários movimentos de ponderação e alteração no plano de parto e a escolha de intervenções durante o
parto. A nenhuma das mulheres foram sugeridos ou disponibilizados cuidados de saúde mental no
circuito de prestação de cuidados perinatais, revelando a fraca participação dos e/ou acessibilidade aos
cuidados especializados de saúde mental nos circuitos previstos para a prestação de cuidados nesta fase
de vida.
Conclusão: Este estudo fornece uma maior clareza acerca dos fatores que são valorizados por mulheres
portuguesas como facilitadores de uma vivência perinatal positiva. Sugere-se a inclusão dos
conhecimentos da área da saúde mental na construção de políticas de saúde e de protocolos de prestação
de cuidados perinatais, bem como a inclusão de técnicos de saúde mental, nomeadamente psicólogos,
de forma acessível nos circuitos previstos para o atendimento à mulher e às famílias durante o ciclo
gravídico-puerperal em Portugal.ABSTRACT: Problem: The COVID-19 pandemic has been shown to have a profound impact on women's
psychosocial well-being during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period globally. In Portugal,
the restrictionsimposed on perinatal care led to an unprecedented social mobilization of protest,showing
dissatisfaction with the conditions in which women and their babies were being monitored by the health
system.
Objective: This study aims to explore the subjective experience of experiencing perinatality during the
period of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal and to understand the accessibility and/or use of mental
health care at this stage.
Method: A qualitative methodology, of thematic analysis, was used in approaching personal experience
reports of the perinatal cycle during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analyzed data were collected through
semi-structured interviews with seven women, with subsequent transcription.
Results: Three central themes were identified: protective factors, barrier factors, and childbirth
expirience. The factors perceived as facilitators in the perinatal experience with greater expression were
the feeling of experiencing the dynamics of the nuclear family in a safe and protected way, the perceived
support of the father, the contact with the baby and the quality of the relationship with the care providers.
The main factors perceived as hindering the perinatal experience were changes in perinatal care
protocols, uncertainty regarding the consequences of the COVID-19 infection, the challenges of
reorganizing the nuclear family, conditions of discomfort or physiological pathology, social distancing
and the quality of interaction with care providers. Protocol restrictions on childbirth care and uncertainty
regarding the consequences of the coronavirus led to several movements of weighting and changing the
birth plan and the choice of interventions during childbirth. None of the women were suggested or
offered mental health care in the perinatal care circuit, revealing poor participation and/or accessibility
to specialized mental health care in the Portuguese circuits provided for the provision of care at this
stage of life.
Conclusion This study provides initial insights into the factors that are valued by Portuguese women as
facilitators of the perinatal experience. It is suggested the inclusion of knowledge in the area of mental
health in the construction of health policies and protocols for the provision of perinatal care, as well as
the inclusion of mental health technicians, namely psychologists, in an accessible way in the circuits
provided for the care of women and families during pregnancy and childbirth in Portugal
Avaliação de estratégias de coping numa amostra de doentes com hipertensão arterial
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Ansiedade, depressão e estresse em pacientes hematológicos crônicos, na pandemia de Covid-19
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Mental, physical and socio-economic status of adults living in spain during the late stages of the state of emergency caused by COVID-19
Get PDFResearch has shown that the confinement measures implemented to curb the spread of COVID-19 can have negative effects on people’s lives at multiple levels. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to better understand the mental, physical, and socio-economic status of adults living in Spain during the late stages of the state of emergency caused by COVID-19. Five hundred and forty-four individuals responded to an online survey between 3 June and 30 July 2020. They were asked to report data about their mental and physical health, financial situation, and satisfaction with the information received about the pandemic. Means, percentages, t-test, ANOVAs, and logistic regressions were computed. A third of the participants reported symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress, and worries about their health and the future. Participants also described mild levels of fatigue and pain during lockdown (66%), and a reduction in household income (39%). Respondents that were female, younger, single, and with lower levels of education reported experiencing a greater impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The data showed that the negative effects of lockdown were present in the late stages of the state of emergency. The findings can be used to contribute to the development of programs to prevent or mitigate the negative impact of confinement measures.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A perceção dos professores sobre o trabalho colaborativo e o papel da liderança na educação inclusiva
No full textTese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Educação na área de especialização Psicologia e Educação, apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da VidaAs sociedades democráticas, baseadas em conceitos de equidade, igualdade e justiça, provocam nas escolas grandes transformações, pois permitem o acesso à educação de Todos os alunos exigindo uma constante busca de soluções para remover barreiras à aprendizagem. Neste sentido, alguns autores apresentam o trabalho colaborativo, como solução para potenciar o sucesso educativo de todos os alunos e a educação inclusiva. Assim sendo, esta investigação tem como objetivo descrever a perceção dos docentes sobre a frequência e a eficácia da colaboração, bem como, os benefícios, os entraves e o papel da liderança no desenvolvimento de práticas colaborativas.
Da investigação fazem parte dois estudos. No primeiro estudo os dados foram apurados através de questionário, preenchido online, a 1064 professores portugueses do 1º, 2º, 3º ciclos e secundária e educação especial. Os dados revelaram que as práticas colaborativas de sala de aula são as que apresentam a frequência e a eficácia mais baixa, sendo a sua utilização mais frequente no grupo da educação especial, seguido do 1º, 2º e 3º ciclo e secundários. A correlação entre a frequência e a eficácia, no geral, oscilam entre o forte e o moderado. Quanto à correlação entre a frequência da colaboração e a escala da liderança os resultados são fracos ou muito fracos, o mesmo acontece quando se correlaciona a escala da eficácia com a da liderança.
No segundo estudo os dados foram apurados através de entrevista semiestruturada, realizada por telefone, a 42 professores de Portugal Continental. O seu objetivo foi clarificar resultados, esclarecer a perceção dos professores face ao papel da liderança e, apurar os benefícios e entraves à colaboração. Os resultados foram explicados por fatores humanos, políticos, formativos, motivacionais e administrativos. Para os professores a colaboração permite partilhar e gerar motivação, para os alunos, melhora resultados escolares, gera conhecimento, motiva e impulsiona valores de cidadania. Os entraves são de ordem logística, pessoal, profissional e formativa. Quanto ao papel da liderança da escola, as orientações que emanam só se materializam se o professor sentirem que as mesmas são benéficas para os alunos. O envolvimento dos professores na colaboração é voluntário, uma vez que a maioria das práticas colaborativas acontecem fora do horário letivo ou dentro da sala de aula, local onde habitualmente a direção não interfere.Democratic societies, based on the concepts of equity, equality and justice, cause great transformations in schools, as they allow access to education for all students, requiring a constant search for solutions to remove barriers to learning. In this sense, some authors present collaborative work as a solution to enhance the educational success of all students and inclusive education. Therefore, this research aims to describe the teachers' perception of the frequency and effectiveness of collaboration, as well as the benefits, obstacles and role of leadership in the development of collaborative practices.
Two studies are part of the investigation. In the first study, the data were collected through a questionnaire, completed online, to 1064 Portuguese teachers, from the 1st
grade until the 12th grade and special education. The data revealed that collaborative classroom practices are the ones with the lowest frequency and effectiveness, with their most frequent use in the special education group, followed by the 1st grade until the 9th
grade and from 10th grade until the 12th grade grade. The correlation between frequency and effectiveness generally ranges from strong to moderate. As for the correlation between the frequency of collaboration and the scale of leadership, the results are weak or very weak, the same happens when the scale of effectiveness is correlated with that of leadership.
In the second study, the data were collected through a semi-structured interview, carried out via telephone telephone, with 42 teachers from mainland Portugal. Its objective was to clarify results, clarify teachers' perception of the role of leadership, and determine the benefits and obstacles to collaboration. The results were explained by human, political, training, motivational and administrative factors. For the teachers, collaboration allows sharing and generates motivation, for students, it improves school results, generates knowledge, motivates and drives values of citizenship. The obstacles are logistical, personal, professional and the training. As for the role of school leadership, the guidelines that emanate only materialize if the teacher feels that they are beneficial for the students. Teachers' involvement in collaboration is voluntary, since most collaborative practices take place outside school hours or inside the classroom, where the direction usually does not interfere
Alcohol and tobacco use in Portuguese adolescents: The relationship with social factors, future expectations, physical and psychological symptoms
Get PDFThe influence that social factors (relationship with
teachers, peers and family support), future expectations,
physical and psychological symptoms exert on the adolescents’ tobacco and alcohol consumption is analyzed,
and the differences between users and non-users are analyzed as well. This work is part of the HBSC study. The
results show that substance use is associated with more
physical and psychological symptoms, worse relationship with teachers and peers, less family support, and
lower future expectations. It is important to intervene
towards the construction of more positive future expectations and relationships and the promotion of physical and psychological well-being, as protective factors
against substance use.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The spatial grounding of politics
Get PDFIn three studies, we advance the research on the association between abstract concepts and spatial dimensions by examining the spatial anchoring of political categories in three different paradigms (spatial placement, memory, and classification) and using non-linguistic stimuli (i.e., photos of politicians). The general hypothesis that politicians of a conservative or socialist party are grounded spatially was confirmed across the studies. In Study 1, photos of politicians were spontaneously placed to the left or right of an unanchored horizontal line depending on their socialist-conservative party affiliation. In Study 2, the political orientation of members of parliament systematically distorted the recall of the spatial positions in which they were originally presented. Finally, Study 3 revealed that classification was more accurate and faster when the politicians were presented in spatially congruent positions (e.g., socialist politician presented on the left side of the monitor) rather than incongruent ones (e.g., socialist on the right side). Additionally, we examined whether participants’ political orientation and awareness moderated these effects and showed that spatial anchoring seems independent of political preference but increases with political awareness.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Structural relations among implicit theories, achievement goals, and performance in writing
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That person is now with or without a mask: how encoding context modulates identity recognition
Get PDFPrevious research has mostly approached face recognition and target identifcation by focusing on face perception
mechanisms, but memory mechanisms also appear to play a role. Here, we examined how the presence of a mask
interferes with the memory mechanisms involved in face recognition, focusing on the dynamic interplay between
encoding and recognition processes. We approach two known memory efects: (a) matching study and test condi‑
tions efects (i.e., by presenting masked and/or unmasked faces) and (b) testing expectation efects (i.e., knowing in
advance that a mask could be put on or taken of ). Across three experiments using a yes/no recognition paradigm,
the presence of a mask was orthogonally manipulated at the study and the test phases. All data showed no evidence
of matching efects. In Experiment 1, the presence of masks either at study or test impaired the correct identifca‑
tion of a target. But in Experiments 2 and 3, in which the presence of masks at study or test was manipulated within
participants, only masks presented at test-only impaired face identifcation. In these conditions, test expectations led
participants to use similar encoding strategies to process masked and unmasked faces. Across all studies, participants
were more liberal (i.e., used a more lenient criterion) when identifying masked faces presented at the test. We discuss
these results and propose that to better understand how people may identify a face wearing a mask, researchers
should take into account that memory is an active process of discrimination, in which expectations regarding test
conditions may induce an encoding strategy that enables overcoming perceptual defcits.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Green turtles highlight connectivity across a regional marine protected area network in west Africa
Get PDFNetworks of marine protected areas (MPAs) are invaluable for the protection of species
with high dispersal capacity, yet connectivity within networks is poorly understood. We
demonstrate the connectivity within the regional MPA network in West Africa (RAMPAO),
mediated by the largest green turtle population in the eastern Atlantic Ocean. We
equipped with satellite tags 45 female green turtles nesting in the Bijagó
s Archipelago,
Guinea-Bissau, and tracked them during internesting, migration, and foraging to quantify
the degree of coverage the RAMPAO network provides during each of these critical
periods. During the internesting period, turtles were largely concentrated around the
nesting islands, with a mean of 94.8% (SD 0.1%, range: 46% - 100%, n = 40 turtles) of
tracking positions falling within MPA limits. Among the 35 turtles successfully tracked into
the foraging period, we identified variable migratory strategies, with 12 turtles remaining
near-resident at distances of 40-90 km from breeding sites, 10 turtles migrating 300-400
km to The Gambia and Senegal, and 13 turtles traveling >1000 km to northern Mauritania.
Of the 35 foraging turtles, 26 used MPAs, with a mean of 78.0% (SD 34.8%, range: 3.7% -
100%) of their tracking positions falling within the limits of RAMPAO MPAs, across
Guinea-Bissau, Senegal and Mauritania. Migration corridors with high concentrations of
passing turtles were mostly located nearshore, and 21% of these high passage areas fell
within the MPA network. Overall, we found that this population connects five RAMPAO
MPAs, yet some foraging sites (e.g., in the Bijagó
s) and important migration areas (e.g.,
Cap-Vert peninsula) described here are currently unprotected. These results are relevant
to any considerations of MPA extension or establishment within the regional network,
which would contribute towards meeting the Convention on Biological Diversity targets for
national marine protected area estate coverage. By documenting biological connectivity
across RAMPAO, this study represents an important example of the relevance of
international protected area networks for green turtle conservation and for wider
conservation action at a regional scale.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio