Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Using a modified version of photovoice in a European cross‐national study on homelessness
Get PDFThis study proposes an innovative use of a modified version of photovoice for
cross‐national qualitative research that allows participants to express their ideas,
experiences, and emotions about a topic through photographic language. We
examine factors affecting social service providers' work on people experiencing
homelessness in Europe. We highlight five advantages of using photovoice in
cross‐national research: visual language, methodological flexibility, participatory
data analysis, the bottom‐up process, and the promotion of social change.
Moreover, we identify key stages of the process: writing a detailed protocol for
the implementation and fidelity of the projects, using two levels of data analysis,
and disseminating the results. This study provides lessons learned for others who
may want to use photovoice in cross‐national research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Developmental predictors of offending and persistence in crime: A systematic review of meta-analyses
Get PDFMeta-analyses have provided major findings about developmental predictors of offending. However, there has
been little focus on their relative ability to predict offending behaviour. Therefore, we conducted a systematic
review of meta-analyses with two aims: 1) to summarize all well-established knowledge about developmental
(explanatory) predictors of offending, and 2) to sort those predictors according to their effect size. The strongest
predictors of general offending were related to family/parental dimensions. Delinquent peers, school/employment problems, family problems, certain types of mental health problems, and alcohol/substance abuse were the
most important predictors of persistence in crime. Our findings suggest the crucial role of family-related
developmental predictors in preventing offending. The predictors of persistence in crime highlight the multisystemic nature of persistent antisocial behaviour.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Women’s experiences of immigration detention in Italy: Examining immigration procedural fairness, human dignity, and health
Get PDFRecent decades have witnessed a growing number of states around the world relying
on border control measures, such as immigration detention, to govern human mobility
and control the movements of those classified as “unauthorised non-citizens.” In
response to this, an increasing number of scholars from several disciplines, including
psychologists, have begun to examine this phenomenon. In spite of the widespread
concerns raised, few studies have been conducted inside immigration detention sites,
primarily due to difficulties in gaining access. This body of research becomes even
scanter when it comes to the experiences of detained women. This study is the first
of its kind to have surveyed 93 women confined in an Italian immigration detention
facility. A partial mediation model with latent variables was tested through partial least
structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed the negative impact that
unfair immigration procedures have on detained women’s human dignity, which in turn
negatively affects their self-rated physical and mental health. Overall, our study sheds
light on the dehumanisation and damage to human dignity that immigration detention
entails, as well as its negative impact on the health of those affected. This evidence
reinforces the image of these institutions as sites of persistent injustice, while stressing
the need to envision alternative justice-oriented forms to address human mobilityFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Through the lens of workers’ motivation: Does it relate to work–family relationship perceptions?
Get PDFWorkers’ motivations and the work–family relationship are two subjects that have been capturing the attention of researchers and practitioners. However, to date, little is known about the link between the two subjects. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the relationships among each type of motivation conceptualized in self-determination theory and work–family conflict, work–family enrichment, and work–family balance. In addition, the current study intended to investigate the relationships among work–family conflict, work–family enrichment, and Work–family balance. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. To test the hypotheses, the PROCESS macro was used. The results suggested that intrinsic motivation is negatively associated with work–family conflict and positively associated with work–family enrichment and work–family balance. Additionally, identified regulations seem to be positively associated with work–family enrichment and work–family balance. However, contrary to expectations, this study revealed a positive relationship between introjected regulation and work–family enrichment and work–family balance. Concerning external regulation (material and social) and amotivation, globally, the findings were consistent with the hypotheses, i.e., the higher the external regulation and amotivation, the higher work–family conflict and the lower the work–family enrichment and work–family balance. Moreover, the higher the work–family conflict, the lower the work–family balance, and the higher the work–family enrichment, the higher the work–family balance. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Adequação dum modelo bifatorial ao Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-Revised
No full textAbstract: The current study evaluated a bifactor model for the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory
Revised (OCI-R) in two samples, with (n=188) and without (n=408) obsessive-compulsive disorder
(OCD). Since the OCI-R has been traditionally conceptualized as a correlated six-factor instrument,
our goal was to evaluate the fit of a bifactor model against three competing models (one general factor,
six correlated factors and a hierarchical model). Results revealed that the bifactor model presented the
best fit and that all OCI-R items were influenced by a general factor and by one of the six dimensions.
Model-based reliability estimated via Omega hierarchical for the total score suggested that OCI-R
items are multidimensional, with the general obsessive-compulsive (OC) factor accounting for little
more than half of the variability in the items of the total score, with the remaining variability accounted
for by the specific OC domains and other sources of variance. Measurement invariance of the bifactor
model was also supported among those with and without OCD. Implications for better understanding
the structure and further use of the OCI-R are discussed.Resumo: Este trabalho avaliou a adequação dum modelo bifatorial ao Obsessive-Compulsive
Inventory Revised (OCI-R) em duas amostras, com (n=188) e sem (n=408) perturbação obsessivocompulsiva
(POC). Dado que o OCI-R tem sido tradicionalmente conceptualizado como um
instrumento de seis fatores correlacionados, o nosso objetivo foi o de avaliar o ajustamento dum modelo
bifatorial, testado contra três modelos concorrentes (um fator geral, seis fatores correlacionados e um
modelo hierárquico). Os resultados revelaram que o modelo bifatorial apresentou o melhor ajuste, e
que todos os itens do OCI-R foram influenciados por um fator geral e por uma das seis dimensões. A
fidelidade deste modelo, estimada através do Ómega hierárquico para a pontuação total, sugere que
os itens do OCI-R são multidimensionais, com o fator obsessivo-compulsivo geral (OC) a representar
pouco mais de metade da variabilidade nos itens da pontuação total, com a variabilidade restante
atribuível às dimensões específicas de OC e a outras fontes de variação. A invariância do modelo
bifatorial foi também verificada nos grupos com e sem POC. São discutidas implicações para uma
melhor compreensão da estrutura e posterior utilização do OCI-R.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Fatores de stress e proteção na saúde dos seniores: Um estudo comparativo segundo a identidade sexual
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado
apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade
de Psicologia Clínica.O envelhecimento demográfico é uma realidade em Portugal e há muito pouco
conhecimento relativo às diferentes necessidades da população sénior, especialmente sobre as
dissemelhanças entre identidades sexuais, e o impacto de fatores psicossociais e de saúde
específicos que se ligam à vivência de cada uma destas populações. Desta forma, contribuindo
para a lacuna na literatura nacional sobre estudos comparativos na população sénior, a presente
investigação teve como objetivo explorar as disparidades e as repercussões de fatores de stress
(Solidão e Idadismo) e de proteção (Resiliência e Suporte Social) no estado de saúde de
seniores LGB e heterossexuais portugueses com 60 ou mais anos. A amostra foi constituída
por um total de 646 seniores, compreendendo 366 pessoas com identidade sexual
heterossexual, com idades compreendidas entre os 60 e os 87 anos (M=68.09; DP=5.87), e 280
pessoas com identidade sexual LGB, com idades compreendidas entre os 60 e os 84 anos
(M=63.95; DP=3.98). A recolha de dados, realizada via online, foi efetuada através de seis
instrumentos: um questionário sociodemográfico e cinco medidas quantitativas (1) Escala de
Solidão UCLA (USL-6); (2) Escala Ambivalente de Idadismo (AAS); (3) Escala de Resiliência
Conner-Davidson (CD-RISC-10); (4) a Escala Multidimensional de Suporte Social Percebido
(MSPSS); (5) e o 12- Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2). Os resultados revelaram que
à população sénior heterossexual são atribuídos níveis mais elevados de fatores de proteção
(Resiliência e Suporte social), enquanto que à população sénior LGB são atribuídos níveis mais
elevados de fatores de stress (Solidão e Idadismo), bem como um pior estado de saúde.
Ademais, a Resiliência e a Solidão revelaram-se como os principais preditores do estado de
saúde na população sénior LGB, enquanto que na população sénior heterossexual destacaramse o Idadismo e o Suporte Social.Demographic aging is a reality in Portugal and there is very little knowledge regarding
the different needs of the senior population, especially on the dissimilarities between sexual
identities, and the impact of specific psychosocial and health factors that are linked to the
experience of each of these populations. Thus, contributing to the gap in the national literature
on comparative studies in the senior population, the present investigation explores the
disparities and repercussions of stress factors (Loneliness and Ageism) and protective factors
(Resilience and Social Support) on the health condition of LGB and heterosexual Portuguese
seniors with 60 years or over. The sample consisted of a total of 646 seniors, comprising 366
people with a heterosexual sexual identity, aged between 60 and 87 years (M=68.09;
SD=5.87), and 280 people with a LGB sexual identity, aged between 60 and 84 years
(M=63.95; SD=3.98). The data collection, performed online, was carried out using six
instruments: a sociodemographic questionnaire and five quantitative measures (1) UCLA
Loneliness Scale (USL-6); (2) The Ambivalent Ageism Scale (AAS); (3) The Conner-Davidson
Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10); (4) The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support
(MSPSS); (5) and The 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12v2). The results revealed that
the senior heterosexual population is attributed higher levels of protective factors (Resilience
and Social Support), while the senior LGB population is attributed higher levels of stress
factors (Loneliness and Ageism), as well as a worse health condition. Furthermore, Resilience
and Loneliness proved to be the main predictors of health condition in the LGB senior
population, while in the heterosexual senior population, Ageism and Social Support stood out
Um olhar sobre o envelhecimento: o impacto da espiritualidade e do sentido de vida sobre o bem-estar psicológico
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA- Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.O envelhecimento populacional é um desafio emergente dado existir uma tendência de crescimento da população idosa. Neste âmbito, a espiritualidade e o sentido de vida parecem ser indicadores do bem-estar psicológico da referida população. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre a contribuição destes para o bem-estar psicológico da população idosa portuguesa.
Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivos: 1) Desenvolver e validar uma escala de espiritualidade para a população idosa portuguesa; 2) Averiguar se a espiritualidade e o sentido de vida são preditores significativos do bem-estar psicológico; 3) Averiguar quais as variáveis sociodemográficas que poderão ser preditores significativos do bem-estar psicológico.
A amostra foi constituída por 393 participantes, com idades compreendidas entre os 65-94 anos, que não apresentassem demências. A escala do Bem-estar Psicológico (EBEP), o Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), a Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), a Escala da Espiritualidade, o questionário sociodemográfico e as questões acerca do sentido de vida foram aplicados.
Os resultados permitiram validar a estrutura bifatorial da escala da espiritualidade, sugerindo que é uma medida válida e confiável para avaliar a espiritualidade de população idosa portuguesa. Além disso, averiguou-se que a espiritualidade, as variáveis sociodemográficas nível de contacto das relações interpessoais de amizade, existência de irmãos, ser agnóstico, ser crente e nível socioeconómico, e o sentido de vida são preditores significativos do bem-estar psicológico.
As descobertas do presente estudo permitem elucidar acerca importância da espiritualidade, das variáveis sociodemográficas e do sentido de vida para o bem-estar psicológico de população idosa portuguesa e fornecer um instrumento para medição da espiritualidade da referida população.Population aging is an emerging challenge as there is a trend of growth of the elderly population. In this context, spirituality and meaning of life seem to be indicators of the psychological well-being of this population. However, little is known about their contribution to the psychological well-being of the Portuguese elderly population.
Thus, the present study had as objectives: 1) to develop and validate a spirituality scale for the Portuguese elderly population; 2) to ascertain whether spirituality and meaning of life are significant predictors of psychological well-being; 3) to investigate which sociodemographic variables may be significant predictors of psychological well-being.
The sample consisted of 393 participants, aged between 65-94 years and who did not present dementia. The Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the spirituality scale, the sociodemographic questionnaire and the questions about the meaning of life were applied.
The results allowed us to validate the bifactorial structure of the spirituality scale, suggesting that it is a valid and reliable measure to evaluate the spirituality of the Portuguese elderly population. Moreover, it is found that spirituality, sociodemographic variables level of contact of interpersonal relationships of friendship, existence of siblings, being agnostic, being believer and socio-economic level, and the meaning of life are significant predictors of psychological well-being.
The findings of the present study allow us to elucidate the importance of spirituality, sociodemographic variables and meaning of life for the psychological well-being of the Portuguese elderly population and to provide an instrument for measuring the spirituality of this population
Produtividade laboral: O impacto da ingestão compulsiva, do burnout e da satisfação no trabalho
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentado no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia da Saúde.Introdução: A Ingestão Compulsiva e o Síndrome de Burnout podem ter origem no stress e ansiedade laboral. Estudos mostram que indivíduos que apresentem sintomas de ingestão compulsiva, têm uma produtividade inferior a indivíduos sem este tipo de comportamento. Adicionalmente, indivíduos que manifestem sintomas de burnout e baixa satisfação no trabalho, exibem, consequentemente, falhas na produtividade. O objetivo deste estudo é perceber se a ingestão compulsiva, o burnout e a satisfação no trabalho têm impacto na produtividade laboral, em adultos profissionalmente ativos. Método: No total 353 indivíduos (272 mulheres), com uma idade média de 38,68 anos (DP=13,647), preencheram um questionário sociodemográfico, a Binge Eating Scale, o Oldenburg Burnout Inventory e o Health and Work Questionnaire. Usou-se o AMOS para a construção do modelo estrutural. Resultados: O modelo estrutural revelou um ajustamento aceitável (²/df=2,615;CFI=0,838;TLI=0,827;RMSEA=0,068). A ingestão compulsiva (p=0,958), o sexo (p=0,827) e as habilitações literárias (p=0,449) não impactam significativamente a produtividade. Diferentemente, a satisfação com o trabalho (β=0,16;p=0,004), a idade (β=-0,25;p≤0,001) e o burnout (β=-0,284;p≤0,001) tiveram um efeito significativo. Conclusão: Ao contrário do que a literatura evidencia, a ingestão compulsiva não tem impacto significativo na produtividade. O burnout e a satisfação com o trabalho, seguem a literatura e provam ter impacto significativo na mesma. Em estudos futuros, é necessário explorar outros padrões disfuncionais do comportamento alimentar na produtividade.Introduction: Binge Eating and Burnout Syndrome can originate in stress and in anxiety. Studies show that individuals with binge eating symptoms, are less productive than individuals without this type of behaviour. Additionally, indivíduals presenting burnout symptoms and low work satisfaction, produce less. The aim of this study is to assess if binge eating, burnout and work satisfaction impact work productivity, in professionally active adults. Method: A total of 353 indivuduals (272 women), with na average age of 38,68 years (DP=13,647), filled in a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Binge Eating Scale, the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and the Health and Work Questionnaire. AMOS and SPSS were used to analyse the data. Results: The structural model displayed na acceptable fit (²/df=2,615;CFI=0,838;TLI=0,827;RMSEA=0,068). Binge eating (p=0,958), gender (p=0,827) and educational qualifications (p=0,449) do not impact significantly work productivity. On the other hand, work satisfaction (β=0,16;p=0,004), age (β=-0,25;p≤0,001) and burnout (β=-0,284;p≤0,001) showed a significant impacto n work productivity. Conclusion: Contrary to what literature shows, binge eating does not have a significant impact on work productivity. Burnout and work satisfaction follow the literature and prove to have a significant impact on work productivity. In future studies, it’s necessary to explore other dysfunctional patterns of eating behaviour on work productivity
Imagined and extended contact experiences and adolescent bystanders' behavioral intentions in homophobic bullying episodes
Get PDFBystanders' helping interventions in bias‐based bullying are rare, although they have the
potential to intervene on behalf of the victim and quickly stop the aggression. Two studies
tested, experimentally, the impact of adolescents' imagined (Study 1, N = 113, Mage =
16.17) and extended contact experiences (Study 2, N = 174, Mage = 15.79) on assertive
bystanders' behavioral intentions in the context of homophobic bullying, an under‐
researched but highly detrimental behavior that emerges mainly during early adolescence.
Potential mediators (empathic concern, social contagion concerns, and masculinity/
femininity threat) were also examined. Results showed that female younger participants
revealed more behavioral intentions to help victims of homophobic bullying when asked
to imagine an interaction with an outgroup member (Study 1). Younger participants
revealed less masculinity/femininity threat in the positive extended contact condition, and
female participants revealed less empathic concern in the negative extended contact
condition (Study 2). Overall, these findings identify specific conditions (e.g., younger
females) where indirect contact interventions (i.e., extended and imagined) are likely to
have a stronger impact. Age and sex differences were found to illustrate how adolescents
vary in their behavioral intentions, empathic concern, and threat; and also highlight the
need to further examine age and sex differences regarding responses to homophobic
bullying episodes.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Crenças alimentares previnem um tipo de cancro ? estudo exploratório na população oncológica
Get PDFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio