Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the perceived ability to cope with trauma scale in portuguese patients with breast cancer
Get PDFFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The global impact of adverse childhood experiences on criminal behavior: A cross-continental study
Get PDFBackground: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with a greater risk of
later criminal offending. However, existing research in this area has been primarily conducted in
Western developed countries and cross-cultural studies are rare.
Objectives: This study examined the relationship between ACEs and criminal behaviors in young
adults living in 10 countries located across five continents, after accounting for sex, age, and
cross-national differences.
Participants and setting: In total, 3797 young adults aged between 18 and 20 years (M = 18.97; DP
= 0.81) were assessed locally in community settings within the 10 countries.Method: The ACE Questionnaire was used to assess maltreatment and household dysfunction
during childhood and a subset of questions derived from the Deviant Behavior Variety Scale
(DBVS) was used to determine past-year criminal variety pertaining to 10 acts considered crime
across participating countries.
Results: Physical and sexual abuse, physical neglect, and household substance abuse were related
to criminal variety, globally, and independently across sexes and countries ranked differently in
the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). In addition, three out of five experiences of
household dysfunction were related to criminal variety, but subsequent analyses indicate that
some forms of household dysfunction only hold statistical significance among males or females, or
in countries ranking lower in the HDI.
Conclusions: This research strengthens the finding that there are cross-cultural mechanisms
perpetuating the cycle of violence. It also indicates that forms of household dysfunction have an
impact on criminal behavior that is shaped by gender and the country's levels of social well-being.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
COVID-19 and lockdown, as lived and felt by university students
Get PDFIn the last 2 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has spread all over the world, forcing the closure of universities, among other unusual measures in recent history. (1) Background: This work is based on the study HOUSE-ULisbon, a survey carried out during the second confinement (March–May 2021) in Portugal with the collaboration of all the Faculties of the University of Lisbon (UL). The present work aims to explore gender differences in how first-year college students experienced and felt COVID-19 and the second confinement. (2) Methods: A questionnaire was carried out. In total, 976 university students (19.66 years (SD = 4.033); Min = 17 and Max = 65) from the first year of the UL were included, of which 69.5% (n = 678) were female, and 30.5% were male (n = 298). SPSS v. 26 was used for quantitative data and MAXQDA 2020 for qualitative data. (3) Results: Overall, students reported various symptoms of physical and mental discomfort (especially females). Statistically significant differences were found in the problems that could arise from the pandemic, such as the prevalence of higher anxiety and worries by females, and online gaming by males. In coping strategies, differences were found in leisure and family relationships, with greater difficulty on the female side. Social interaction was perceived as difficult or very difficult by both genders. As strategies for future pandemics, they highlighted a concerted effort between the government and media in the transmission of messages to the population, facilitating information, knowledge and adoption of protective behaviors. (4) Conclusions: These results are important data for activating or maintaining resources and services for first-year university students, who in some university institutions were supported during the pandemic by psychological, material (e.g., computers, internet), and financial support measures, which are now diminished or extinct. The impacts on their lives will certainly not be extinguished post-pandemic, and health, education, and public policy measures should be prioritized for this group. These results are important data for activating resources and services for students, informing health and education professionals, and supporting public policies.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Assessing meaning violations in Syrian refugees: A mixed‐methods cross‐cultural adaptation of the Global Meaning Violations Scale–ArabV
Get PDFRefugees are disproportionately affected by extreme traumatic events that can
violate core beliefs and life goals (i.e., global meaning) and cause significant
distress. This mixed-methods study used an exploratory sequential design to
assess meaning violations in a sample of Syrian refugees living in Portugal. For
this purpose, we cross-culturally adapted the Global Meaning Violations Scale
(GMVS) for use with Arabic-speaking refugees. In total, 43 war-affected Syrian adults participated in the two-phase study. Participants completed measures
of trauma and narrated violations as they filled out the newly adapted GMVSArabV. GMVS-ArabV validity evidence based on response processes was investigated through Phase 1 focus groups (FGs; n = 2), whereas data from Phase 2
cognitive interviews (n = 38) were used to preliminarily explore the measure’s
internal structure through descriptive statistics as well as culture- and traumainformed content evidence through thematic analysis. The results suggested
highest goal (M = 3.51, SD = 1.46) and lowest belief (M = 2.38, SD = 1.59) violations of educational goals and religious beliefs, respectively. Themes related to
stressors, item formulation, response scale, and the global meaning construct
suggested that (a) beliefs and goals can be differentially violated by different
stressors; (b) much like war trauma, including torture, daily stressors can additionally shatter pretrauma global meaning; and (c) refugees reappraise meaning and suffer violations anew throughout their migration journeys. The GMVS Arab-V offers a promising tool for exploring shattered cognitions in refugees and
informs evidence-based approaches to trauma recovery and psychological adjustment in postmigration settings (the Arabic abstract and keywords are available
in the Supplementary Materials).Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A relação conjugal na atualidade: Atitudes face ao casamento, individualismo e desilusão relacional amorosa.
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada
no Ispa – Instituto Universitário para a obtenção de grau
de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.Os padrões de conjugalidade sofreram uma grande mudança nas últimas décadas,
sobretudo devido às alterações que também se fizeram sentir a nível pessoal e social na
sociedade ocidental. Assim, o presente estudo, de cariz quantitativo, teve como objetivo
compreender que relações existem entre as variáveis atitudes face ao casamento, individualismo
e desilusão relacional amorosa, bem como averiguar que diferenças existem nestas variáveis
consoante determinadas variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, estado civil, filhos e duração da
relação atual). A amostra foi constituída por 331 participantes com experiência mínima de dois
anos de coabitação conjugal, com idades compreendidas entre os 20 e os 59 anos. Os
instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Valores Humanos de Schwartz, a Escala de Atitudes
face ao Casamento, e a Escala de Desilusão Relacional. Os resultados revelam que os
participantes com atitudes face ao casamento mais negativas apresentam maior desilusão
relacional amorosa. Verifica-se ainda que, de forma fraca, mas significativa, os participantes
com valores menos individualistas tendem a apresentar atitudes face ao casamento mais
positivas, e aqueles com valores mais individualistas apresentam desilusão relacional amorosa
mais elevada. Para além disto, os participantes casados ou em união de facto, e os que se
encontram numa relação de maior duração, apresentam atitudes face ao casamento mais
positivas. Os participantes com filhos apresentam maior desilusão relacional amorosa. Por fim,
os participantes casados ou em união de facto, os que se encontram numa relação cuja duração
seja mais elevada, e os que têm filhos, são menos individualistas.ABSTRACT: The patterns of conjugality have undergone a major change in recent decades, mainly
due to changes that have also been felt at a personal and social level in western society. The
present study, of a quantitative nature, aimed to understand what relationships exist between
the variables attitudes towards marriage, individualism and marital disillusionment, as well as
to find out what differences exist in these variables according to certain sociodemographic
variables (gender, marital status, children and duration of current relationship). The sample
consisted of 331 participants with a minimum experience of two years of marital cohabitation,
aged between 20 and 59 years. The instruments used were the Portrait Values Questionnaire
(PVQ-21), the Marital Attitudes Scale, and the Marital Disillusionment Scale. The results
suggest that participants with more negative attitudes towards marriage have greater marital
disillusionment. It is also found that, weakly, but significantly, participants with less
individualistic values tend to have higher attitudes towards marriage, and those with more
individualistic values show higher marital disillusionment. In addition, participants who are
married or in cohabitation, and those who are in a longer-term relationship, have more positive
attitudes towards marriage. Participants with children show greater marital disillusionment.
Finally, participants who are married or in cohabitation, those who are in a longer-term
relationship, and those who have children, are less individualistic
Foodlit-pro: Food literacy project food literacy conceptualisation, assessment, and intervention with portuguese adults
Get PDFDissertation submitted in partial fulfilment for degree of Doctor in
Philosophy, specialty in Health Psychology, to Ispa - Instituto
Universitário, in 2022,Individuals’ food-related education and empowerment is crucial not only to transform
knowledge, competencies, and behaviours towards healthier and more sustainable food
choices, but also to provide for skills that allow consumers to successfully navigate within
food systems. The central aim of this dissertation was to contribute to further advancements in
the field of food literacy by exploring its conceptual understanding, facilitate its assessment,
and developing a theory-supported intervention. To this end, we developed a mixed-methods
and sequentially designed project entitled ‘FOODLIT-PRO: Food Literacy Project’ that
comprises three stages described in five chapters. Presented in chapters 2 and 3, Stage 1
demonstrated a wider outlook on the comprehension of food literacy, providing for a
conceptual and empirical framework with a multidimensional definition of the construct, a
characterisation of its determinants, and the identification of inter-sectorial fields of action.
Described in chapter 4, Stage 2 allowed to translate the multifaceted conceptualisation of food
literacy into a quantitative assessment tool, providing for an adaptable and validated measure
to assess food literacy, its determinants, and influential factors in Portuguese adult samples.
Presented in chapter 5 and 6, Stage 3 enabled the first known mapping of food literacy content
into digitally delivered behaviour change techniques and allowed to verify the theoretical
suitability of the Health Action Process Approach in predicting food literacy outcomes. These
findings suggest that a broader approached should be taken when striving to promote food
literacy, acknowledging the impact of surrounding areas and identified determinants.
Emphasising the synergy between consumers’ food literacy and wider fields of action, the
FOODLIT-PRO underlines the need to consider multidisciplinary approaches towards global
food-related sustainability.A educação e o empoderamento alimentar dos indivíduos é crucial não só para transformar
conhecimentos, competências, e comportamentos com vista a escolhas alimentares mais
saudáveis e sustentáveis, mas também para permitir que estes consigam lidar com sucesso
com os desafios inerentes aos sistemas alimentares. Esta dissertação teve como principal
objectivo contribuir para a expansão do campo da literacia alimentar através da investigação
do seu entendimento conceptual, da facilitação da sua mensuração, e do desenvolvimento de
intervenção com base na evidência. Para tal, foi delineado um projecto sequencial e de
métodos mistos designado ‘FOODLIT-PRO: Food Literacy Project’ que compreendeu três
fases descritas em cinco capítulos distintos. Apresentada nos capítulos 2 e 3, a Fase 1
evidenciou uma perspectiva mais ampla do conceito de literacia alimentar, resultando num
modelo conceptual e empírico com uma definição multidimensional do constructo, a
caracterização dos seus determinants, e a identificação de áreas de actuação relacionadas.
Descrita no capítulo 4, a Fase 2 permitiu a operacionalização desta conceptualização
multidimensional através do desenvolvimento e validação de um instrumento quantitativo
adaptável para mensurar literacia alimentar, os seus determinantes, e factores de influência em
amostras de adultos Portugueses. Apresentada nos capítulos 5 e 6, a Fase 3 possibilitou o
primeiro mapeamento das dimensões de literacia alimentar em estratégias de mudança
comportamental aplicadas em formato digital e permitiu verificar a adequação teórica dos
mecanismos do modelo Health Action Process Approach como preditores de literacia
alimentar. Estes resultados sugerem a consideração de uma abordagem mais ampla na
promoção de literacia alimentar, reconhecendo o impacto dos seus determinantes e das áreas
de acção identificadas. Destacando a intersecção entre a literacia alimentar dos consumidores
e estas vastas áreas de acção, o projecto FOODLIT-PRO sublinha a necessidade de considerar
abordagens multidisciplinares na priorização da sustentabilidade alimentar
O impacto das atitudes dos pacientes face à terapia online e da genuinidade na aliança terapêutica
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto Universitário
para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.Tendo em consideração a obrigatoriedade do autoisolamento imposto pela pandemia da
COVID-19, e não obstante a psicoterapia online estar já abrangida por regulamentação a nível
mundial, torna-se pertinente a temática do presente estudo face ao aumento de procura de
atendimento psicológico, verificado não só durante, mas também após, o período pandémico.
Objetivo: Esta revisão de literatura tem como objetivo compreender através da literatura já
existente o que já foi estudado sobre a Aliança Terapêutica nas psicoterapias online, mais
especificamente, nas psicoterapias por videoconferência. Método: O acesso a artigos e textos
sobre a Aliança Terapêutica no contexto da videoconferência, foi efetuado através de bases de
dados, nomeadamente, a Pepsic, a Scielo, a EBSCOhost e o Google Académico. Foram
utilizadas as seguintes palavras-chaves: Psicoterapia; Terapia online; Aliança Terapêutica.
Conclusão: A grande maioria dos estudos encontrados apontam para uma semelhança entre a
modalidade de psicoterapia presencial versus a online, destacando no entanto peculiaridades
no setting terapêutico para a passagem do atendimento online, em consequência das alterações
na maneira como os indivíduos se relacionam. Estes estudos centraram-se principalmente na
Aliança Terapêutica como principal fator de sucesso, tanto na terapia presencial como na
terapia online.ABSTRACT: Considering the compulsory self-isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and even
though online psychotherapy is already covered by regulations worldwide, the theme of this
study becomes relevant given the increased demand for psychological care, not only during,
but also after the pandemic period. Objective: This literature review aims to understand
through the existing literature what has already been studied about the Working Alliance in
online psychotherapy, more specifically, in psychotherapy by videoconference. Method:
Articles and texts on the Working Alliance in the context of videoconferencing were accessed
through the Pepsic, Scielo, EBSCOhost and Google Academic databases. The following
keywords were used: Psychotherapy; Online Therapy; Working Alliance. Conclusion: Most
of the studies found point to a similarity between face-to-face versus online psychotherapy
modality, highlighting however peculiarities in the therapeutic setting for the passage of online
care, as a result of changes in the way individuals relate to each other. These studies focused
mainly on the Working Alliance as the main success factor in both face-to-face and online
therapy
Intervenções do psicoterapeuta e mudanças de narrativa produzidas nos pacientes
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.Objetivo: O objetivo passou por rever a literatura sobre fatores específicos e comuns aos modelos terapêuticos e o impacto destes na aliança terapêutica e no outcome em psicoterapia. Método: Efetuou-se uma pesquisa em várias bases de dados eletrónicas com os termos de pesquisa “fatores comuns”, “fatores específicos” e “psicoterapia” em português e inglês. Resultados: A literatura tem considerado "fatores comuns" como um indicador de que todas as formas de tratamento são igualmente eficazes. Sugere também que os fatores comuns são mais importantes para um resultado positivo do que as técnicas específicas. Conclusões: Recomenda-se que os programas de formação clínica mantenham um foco nos fatores comuns, em particular na aliança terapêutica. No futuro deve investigar-se a importância dos fatores comuns tal como são percebidos pelos clínicos, utilizar amostras maiores e tentar diferenciar entre perceções e orientação teórica.Objective: The aim was to review the literature on specific and common factors across therapeutic models and their impact on the therapeutic alliance and outcome in psychotherapy. Method: A search was conducted in several electronic databases using the search terms "common factors", "specific factors" and "psychotherapy" in Portuguese and English. Results: The literature has considered "common factors" as an indicator that all forms of treatment are equally effective. It also suggests that common factors are more important for a positive outcome than specific techniques. Conclusions: It is recommended that clinical training programs maintain a focus on common factors, in particular the therapeutic alliance. Future research should investigate the importance of common factors as perceived by clinicians, use larger samples, and try to differentiate between perceptions and theoretical guidance
Características sociodemográficas, sintomatológicas e de personalidade dos homens portugueses vítimas de violência no contexto das relações de intimidade
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário, para obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo explorar as características dos
homens adultos portugueses vítimas de violência no contexto das relações de intimidade,
comparativamente às mulheres vítimas deste fenómeno, no que concerne a dados
sociodemográficos, sintomatologia e traços de personalidade. A investigação nasceu da
necessidade de se compreender melhor este fenómeno em Portugal, decorrente da
escassez de estudos nacionais e internacionais que analisem a experiência de vitimização
masculina. Participaram neste estudo 245 indivíduos, 127 do sexo feminino e 118 do sexo
masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 75 anos. A recolha de dados teve
por base um questionário sociodemográfico, o Inventário de Violência Conjugal (IVC),
o Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18) e o NEO–FFI–20. Os resultados demonstraram
que a violência nas relações de intimidade é um fenómeno independente do nível de
escolaridade e do nível socioeconómico das vítimas. Verificou-se também uma
predominância da violência psicológica face à violência física, apesar de os homens
vítimas reportarem sofrer significativamente mais de maus-tratos físicos do que as
mulheres. Por fim, verificou-se que os participantes que reportaram terem sido vítimas de
violência em contexto de intimidade manifestaram scores superiores ao nível da
sintomatologia e do neutoriticismo, do que os participantes que reportaram não terem sido
vítimas de violência.ABSTRACT: The main objective of this study was to explore the characteristics of Portuguese
adult men who are victims of violence in intimate relationships, compared to women
victims of the same phenomenon, with regard to sociodemographic data, symptomatology
and personality traits. The research was born from the need to understand this
phenomenon in Portugal, due to the scarcity of national and international studies that
analyse the experience of male victimization. The study included 245 individuals, 127
females and 118 males, aged between 18 and 75 years old. Data collection was based on
a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Inventory of Marital Violence (IVC in
Portuguese), the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18) and the NEO-FFI–20. The results
showed that violence in intimate relationships is a phenomenon independent of the level
of education and socio-economic level of the victims. There was also a predominance of
psychological violence instead of physical violence, although male victims reported
suffering significantly more from physical abuse than women. Finally, it was found that
the participants who reported being victims of violence in the context of intimacy
manifested higher scores of symptomatology and neutoriticism than participants who
reported not being victims of violence
Potential for a consumer control on the takeover of the Ria Formosa lagoon by the invasive seaweed
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa – Instituto
Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre
na especialidade de Biologia Marinha e
ConservaçãoA herbivoria é fundamental no controlo de algas marinhas invasoras. A enemy release
hypothesis prevê a propagação de algas marinhas invasoras devido à falta de inimigos coevoluídos (ex., herbívoros) enquanto a biotic resistance hypothesis suporta que alguns podem
ser capazes de consumir plantas invasoras e, portanto, controlar a sua propagação.
Caulerpa prolifera é uma alga marinha verde que está a ter um comportamento invasor
sem precedentes na Ria Formosa, estando a expandir-se rapidamente pela lagoa desde o ano
2015. Esta rápida expansão pode ter várias causas, sendo a falta de controlo top-down realizado
por herbívoros uma causa muito provável, a qual permanece, em grande parte, inexplorada.
Neste estudo, realizamos ensaios alimentares para caracterizar as interações entre
macroherbívoros nativos, nomeadamente o ouriço-do-mar Paracentrotus lividus e o peixe
Sarpa salpa, e a alga C. prolifera para compreender os mecanismos do controlo top-down face
a sua expansão.
Ambos herbívoros foram capazes de se alimentar de C. prolifera. Embora as taxas de
consumo de P. lividus tenderam a ser maiores na alga nativa Ulva sp. do que na invasora C.
prolifera, apenas S. salpa apresentou diferenças significativas, consumindo em média o dobro
da quantidade de Ulva sp. do que C. prolifera. Além disso, S. salpa preferiu claramente a alga
nativa Ulva sp. quando foi oferecida junto da invasora C. prolifera.
Os nossos resultados fornecem evidências experimentais a favor da enemy release
hypothesis sendo que os principais herbívoros presentes na Ria Formosa parecem estar a exercer
um controlo top-down limitado sobre C. prolifera. Esta falta de controlo pode estar a favorecer
a rápida expansão desta alga invasora pela lagoa.ABSTRACT: Herbivory plays an important role in controlling non-native seaweeds. The enemy
release hypothesis predicts the success of invasive plants due of a lack of co-evolved enemies
(i.e., herbivores), while the biotic resistance hypothesis states that some may be able to feed on
invasive, controlling its spread.
The opportunistic green seaweed Caulerpa prolifera is drastically and unprecedently
spreading in the Ria Formosa since 2015. The quick spread of C. prolifera on the Ria Formosa
may have several causes, among which the top-down control by native herbivores remains
largely unexplored. In this study we performed a suite of feeding assays to characterize novel
interactions between native macroherbivores, namely the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus and
the fish Sarpa salpa, and the invasive C. prolifera, in order to better understand the mechanisms
behind the expansion of the seaweed across the lagoon.
Both herbivores were able to feed on C. prolifera. Even though P. lividus consumption
rates tended to be higher on native seaweed Ulva sp. than on C. prolifera, only S. salpa showed
significant differences, consuming on average twice the amount of Ulva sp. than C. prolifera.
Moreover, S. salpa clearly preferred the native seaweed Ulva sp. to C. prolifera. Our findings
provide experimental evidence in favor of the enemy release hypothesis, as main herbivores
appear to exert a limited top-down control in terms of consumption rate and feeding preference
on C. prolifera in the Ria Formosa lagoon. This might be favoring the spread of this
opportunistic seaweed across the lagoon