Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida
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O mundo online dos comportamentos autolesivos: as relações entre as representações online dos comportamentos autolesivos e a sua severidade e diversidade, ideação suicida e a identificação na adolescência
Get PDFDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto
Universitário para a obtenção de grau de
Mestre na especialidade de Mestre em
Psicologia Clínica.Este estudo procurou descrever as atividades online relativas aos comportamentos autolesivos
(CAL). Comparou-se os adolescentes com e sem uma história de CAL relativamente às
frequências das atividades online, severidade e diversidade dos comportamentos, à ideação
suicida e à identificação com os indivíduos que criam conteúdos sobre os CAL online.
Analisou-se a relação entre as variáveis e investigou-se se existiam diferenças entre os níveis
de severidade dos CAL na frequência das atividades online. Os participantes consistiram em
357 adolescentes portugueses com idades entre os 12 e os 22 anos (M = 16.61, DP = 1.84).
Distribuíram-se questionários de autorrelato que avaliavam a história, severidade e
diversidade dos CAL, as atividades online relativas aos CAL, a ideação suicida e a
identificação. Os resultados demonstraram que 84.6% dos participantes já realizou alguma
atividade online sobre os CAL. Os indivíduos com uma história de CAL reportaram níveis
significativamente maiores de frequências de comunicação online, de identificação com quem
cria conteúdos sobre os CAL online e de ideação suicida em comparação com os sem uma
história destes comportamentos. Demonstraram-se associações positivas significativas entre
as frequências de comunicação online sobre os CAL e a diversidade dos CAL, e entre as
frequências de comunicação e de partilha de conteúdos online com a ideação suicida.
Sobressai neste estudo a elevada prevalência das representações online dos CAL em Portugal,
assinalando a importância de ações preventivas e clínicas junto dos adolescentes mais em
risco que partilham e conversam sobre os CAL online.ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to describe online activities related to deliberate self-harm
(DSH). Adolescents with and without a history of DSH were compared regarding to the
frequencies of online activities, DSH severity and diversity, suicidal ideation and
identification to the people who create DSH content online. The relationship between these
variables was examined and the differences between the DSH severity levels on the
frequencies of online activities were investigated. The participants consisted of 357
portuguese adolescents aged between 12 to 22 years (M = 16.61, DP = 1.84). Self-reported
questionnaires which evaluated DSH history, severity and diversity, online activities related
to DSH, suicidal ideation and identification were distributed. Results showed that 84.6% of
the sample had engaged in online DSH activities. The participants with a DSH history had
significantly higher frequencies of online communication, levels of identification with those
who created online contents related to DSH and of suicidal ideation compared to those
without a history of this behaviours. Significantly positive associations were found between
the frequencies of DSH related online communication and DSH diversity, and between the
frequencies of communication and frequency of sharing DSH related contents with suicidal
ideation. This study highlights the high prevalence of DSH online representations and the
importance of taking preventive and clinical measures with the high risk adolescents who
share and talk about DSH online
Explorando a misoginia online : síntese das evidências qualitativas dos discursos de ódio
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Consequências da reclusão em filhos e filhas de pais e mães encarcerados: um estudo no contexto brasileiro
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Dependência das redes sociais : qual o impacto na autoestima e manipulação de fotografias?
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Mindfullness e resiliência nos bairros sociais: Um estudo qualitativo através de entrevistas narrativas
No full textDissertação de Mestrado apresentada no Ispa - Instituto Universitário, para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia e Psicopatologia do DesenvolvimentoA comunidade descendente dos PALOP residente em bairros sociais nas periferias de
Lisboa está sujeita a um conjunto característico de obstáculos. Estes obstáculos assumem um papel
limitador nos respetivos percursos de vida, sendo necessárias diversas estratégias promotoras de
uma adaptação resiliente para os superar. Como tal, o presente estudo visa elucidar relativamente
aos principais obstáculos experienciados pela população, bem como compreender o grau de
potencial de ação dos participantes face a dados obstáculos. Adicionalmente, o presente estudo
procura salientar os fatores promotores de resiliência utilizados, identificando nestes a eventual
presença do mindfulness. De modo a alcançar os objetivos propostos, foram realizadas seis
entrevistas narrativas, a adultos enquadrados na população em questão, e com percursos de vida
em ascensão. Foi feita a análise temática dos dados, com recurso ao software Nvivo 12. Os
resultados conseguidos indicam um conjunto obstáculos (p.e., a exclusão social). Foi também
possível salientar um conjunto de fatores facilitadores (p.e., a criatividade). Evidenciou-se,
também, que dados obstáculos estão fora do potencial de ação do indivíduo, uma vez serem
produto de mecanismos estruturais da sociedade. As estratégias de resiliência são um contributo
importante, pois podem vir a facilitar futuras intervenções. Outra contribuição importante é a
contradição bem fundamentada do estigma associado a esta população, uma vez que a conotação
problemática a ela habitualmente associada se demonstrou presa a mecanismos estruturais a ela
impostos. A presença do mindfulness necessita de investigação futura. Por fim, foram identificadas
limitações, por exemplo relativas ao número reduzido de participantes, e à subjetividade dos dados.ABSTRACT: The PALOP community who lives in public social housing in the suburbs of Lisbon is
subjugated to myriad of obstacles that affect deeply its life trajectories. Such obstacles require
resilience strategies for people to surpass them. Hence, the present study proposes to enhance the
knowledge on these obstacles, as well as to illustrate how much of this reality is dependent on the
individuals’ power for action. Moreover, the facilitating factors were also looked for, in order to
identify the participants’ resilience and mindfulness strategies. To do so, six narrative interviews
took place, who intentionally follow an ascending life trajectory. The thematic analyses took place
with resource to Nvivo 12 software. The results showed a number of obstacles (e.g., the social
exclusion). It was also evident pointed out a few resilience strategies, such as their creativity.
Additionally, it was emphasized that these obstacles are out of reach for the members of this
community to correct, as they are mainly caused by structural societal forces. Further studies are
needed to identify the role mindfulness can play in this scenario. The present study contributed to
optimizing future social interventions by gathering a few reoccurring resilience strategies. Also,
the stigma usually associated with the present population was also clarified to be due to structural
dynamics that are imposed to this specific community, and not to its member specifically. Lastly,
some limitations were identified, for example due to the small amount of participants in the present
study, and the subjectivity inherent on the present data
Imagined and extended contact experiences and adolescent bystanders' behavioral intentions in homophobic bullying episodes
Get PDFBystanders' helping interventions in bias‐based bullying are rare, although they have the
potential to intervene on behalf of the victim and quickly stop the aggression. Two studies
tested, experimentally, the impact of adolescents' imagined (Study 1, N = 113, Mage =
16.17) and extended contact experiences (Study 2, N = 174, Mage = 15.79) on assertive
bystanders' behavioral intentions in the context of homophobic bullying, an under‐
researched but highly detrimental behavior that emerges mainly during early adolescence.
Potential mediators (empathic concern, social contagion concerns, and masculinity/
femininity threat) were also examined. Results showed that female younger participants
revealed more behavioral intentions to help victims of homophobic bullying when asked
to imagine an interaction with an outgroup member (Study 1). Younger participants
revealed less masculinity/femininity threat in the positive extended contact condition, and
female participants revealed less empathic concern in the negative extended contact
condition (Study 2). Overall, these findings identify specific conditions (e.g., younger
females) where indirect contact interventions (i.e., extended and imagined) are likely to
have a stronger impact. Age and sex differences were found to illustrate how adolescents
vary in their behavioral intentions, empathic concern, and threat; and also highlight the
need to further examine age and sex differences regarding responses to homophobic
bullying episodesFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Higher education libraries supporting distance learning: a case study in Portugal and Brazil
Get PDFPerante o surgimento da pandemia em 2020, os governos mundiais tomaram
medidas restritivas para proporcionar o distanciamento social e impedir a propagação
da doença. As bibliotecas de ensino superior tiveram que se organizar no acesso a
serviços a distância. A pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar o apoio no ensino a
distância e os recursos oferecidos on-line pelas bibliotecas acadêmicas no Brasil e em
Portugal. Analisamos o apoio no ensino a distância fornecido pelas bibliotecas no Brasil
e em Portugal, observado em um inquérito baseado nos Standards for Distance
Learning Library Services (ACRL, 2016). Os dados obtidos demonstram que houve
benefícios para estes serviços.ABSTRACT: : Faced with the emergence of the pandemic in 2020, world governments took
restrictive measures to provide social distancing and prevent the spread of the disease.
Higher education libraries had to organize themselves in accessing services at a
distance. The research aims to analyze the support in distance learning and the
resources offered online by academic libraries in Brazil and Portugal. We analyzed the
distance learning support provided by libraries in Brazil and Portugal, observed in a
survey based on the Standards for Distance Learning Library Services (ACRL, 2016). The
data obtained show that there were benefits for these services.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Representations of depression and schizophrenia in the community: The role of illness and risk perceptions on help-seeking intentions
Get PDFObjective: Illness perceptions (IPs) are important in understanding human
reactions to illnesses, including mental health disorders. They influence risk
perceptions and several variables relevant to the adjustment to a disorder,
treatment seeking, and health outcomes. This study sought to compare IP,
risk perception, and help-seeking intention for depression and schizophrenia
in a community sample and to assess the mediating role of risk perception in
the relationship between IP and help-seeking intention.
Materials and methods: A total of 380 adults participated in this study and
filled out self-report measures of IPs, risk perceptions, and help-seeking
intention. The previous diagnosis of depression was used to control the
comparisons between the two disorders. A structural equation model (SEM)
was used to test the mediation relationship.
Results: Perceived consequences, expected timeline, lack of personal control,
and symptom identity were higher for schizophrenia, while lack of treatment
control and concern were higher for depression. An interaction occurred with
a previous diagnosis of depression for several dimensions of IP. Concerning
the SEM, a valid model was obtained for depression, explaining 15.5% of helpseeking intentions, but not for schizophrenia.
Conclusion: The results show that the general population represents
depression and schizophrenia differently. These representations are
influenced by having experienced depression, and that illness and risk
perceptions contribute to explaining the intention to seek help. Considering
these illness representations makes it possible to understand the general
population’s emotional and cognitive reactions to mental health disorders.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Shedding Light on the lifestyle and participation of portuguese adolescents with chronic conditions—Data from the HBSC 2018 Study
Get PDFVariables associated with lifestyle can constitute either risk or protective factors for the
development and progression of chronic conditions (CC). This study intends to explore the differences
between adolescents with and without CC and between adolescents whose school participation is
affected/not affected by the existing CC with regard to variables related to lifestyle (i.e., sleep,
physical activity, BMI, and leisure). In addition, it also intends to analyze the influence of these
variables (i.e., CC and lifestyle) regarding the adolescents’ quality of life (QoL). This work is part of
the Portuguese HBSC 2018 study. A total of 8215 adolescents participated (52.7% female), with an
average age of 14.36 years (SD = 2.28). The results showed that the adolescents with CC and whose
school attendance and participation are affected by their CC exhibit more sleep difficulties (i.e., they
experience lower sleep quality and have a higher degree of sleepiness), higher BMI levels (i.e., higher
values of overweight and obesity), less participation in leisure activities, and a lower perception of
QoL. A higher perception of QoL is associated with school participation unaffected by the existing
CC, sleeping well, a low level of sleepiness, a more frequent practice of physical activity, a lower BMI,
and a greater involvement in leisure activities. Adolescent health and well-being are a prominent
issue in terms of public policies, with behavior and lifestyle playing a significant role in this domain.
This message needs to be reinforced in regard to families, educators, healthcare professionals, and
public sector policies, particularly concerning students with CC.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
To help or not to help? Prosocial behavior, its association with well-being, and predictors of prosocial behavior during the coronavirus disease pandemic
Get PDFThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic fundamentally disrupted humans’ social life and behavior. Public health measures may have inadvertently impacted how people care for each other. This study investigated prosocial behavior, its association well-being, and predictors of prosocial behavior during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and sought to understand whether region-specific differences exist. Participants (N = 9,496) from eight regions clustering multiple countries around the world responded to a cross-sectional online-survey investigating the psychological consequences of the first upsurge of lockdowns in spring 2020. Prosocial behavior was reported to occur frequently. Multiple regression analyses showed that prosocial behavior was associated with better well-being consistently across regions. With regard to predictors of prosocial behavior, high levels of perceived social support were most strongly associated with prosocial behavior, followed by high levels of perceived stress, positive affect and psychological flexibility. Sociodemographic and psychosocial predictors of prosocial behavior were similar across regions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio